13 research outputs found
Impact of minimal residual disease detection by next-generation flow cytometry in multiple myeloma patients with sustained complete remission after frontline therapy
Minimal residual disease (MRD) was monitored in 52 patients with sustained CR (≥2 years) after frontline therapy using next-generation flow (NGF) cytometry. 25% of patients initially MRD- reversed to MRD+. 56% of patients in sustained CR were MRD+; 45% at the level of 10−5; 17% at 10−6. All patients who relapsed during follow-up were MRD+ at the latest MRD assessment, including those with ultra-low tumor burden. MRD persistence was associated with specific phenotypic profiles: higher erythroblasts’ and tumor-associated monocytes/macrophages’ predominance in the bone marrow niche. NGF emerges as a suitable method for periodic, reproducible, highly-sensitive MRD-detection at the level of 10−6
A Prospective Study and Identification of Genomewide Association Markers of Familial Predisposition to Plasma Cell Dyscrasias
A Prospective Study and Identification of Genomewide Association Markers of Familial Predisposition to Plasma Cell Dyscrasias
Deep Phenotyping Reveals Distinct Immune Signatures Correlating with Prognostication, Treatment Responses, and MRD Status in Multiple Myeloma
Despite recent advances, Multiple Myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease with apparent heterogeneity that may explain patients’ variable clinical outcomes. While the phenotypic, (epi)genetic, and molecular characteristics of myeloma cells have been thoroughly examined, there is limited information regarding the role of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment in the natural history of the disease. In the present study, we performed deep phenotyping of 32 distinct immune cell subsets in a cohort of 94 MM patients to reveal unique immune profiles in both BM and peripheral blood (PB) that characterize distinct prognostic groups, responses to induction treatment, and minimal residual disease (MRD) status. Our data show that PB cells do not reflect the BM microenvironment and that the two sites should be studied independently. Adverse ISS stage and high-risk cytogenetics were correlated with distinct immune profiles; most importantly, BM signatures comprised decreased tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and erythroblasts, whereas the unique Treg signatures in PB could discriminate those patients achieving complete remission after VRd induction therapy. Moreover, MRD negative status was correlated with a more experienced CD4- and CD8-mediated immunity phenotype in both BM and PB, thus highlighting a critical role of by-stander cells linked to MRD biology
Next Generation Flow Cytometry Provides a Standardized, Highly Sensitive and Informative Method for the Analysis of Circulating Plasma Cells in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: A Single Center Study in 182 Patients
Evaluation of minimal residual disease using next-generation flow cytometry in patients with AL amyloidosis
The treatment of light chain (AL) amyloidosis aims to completely eliminate the toxic light chain production, as assessed by sensitive serum- or urine-based methods such as immunofixation and free light chain (FLCs) quantification. Complete hematologic responses (hemCR) can be achieved in a significant proportion of patients with AL, either with conventional therapies or with high-dose melphalan, and are associated with better overall survival and improved organ function. However, hematologic relapses still occur and organ function may continue to deteriorate due to small residual clones that may lead to disease recurrence and/or may produce very small amounts of toxic light chains which are undetectable by conventional techniques. Next-generation flow cytometry (NGF) is a very sensitive method for the evaluation of minimal residual disease (MRD) and one of the standard methods for the assessment of MRD in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), reflected in the new response assessment criteria2. Patients with MM who are negative for MRD have significantly improved progression-free and overall survival, even among those who have achieved a CR3,4. Such data are sparse in patients with AL amyloidosis, although the presence of MRD may prove a crucial factor for delayed organ response or deterioration of organ function despite conventional hemCR. The aim of the current study was to evaluate feasibility and applicability of MRD by NGF in patients with AL at hemCR
Deep Phenotyping Reveals Distinct Immune Signatures Correlating with Prognostication, Treatment Responses, and MRD Status in Multiple Myeloma
Simple Summary
In Multiple Myeloma (MM) malignant cells accumulate in the bone marrow
(BM), where they interact with various cell populations. These complex
interactions impose mechanisms of tumor growth and proliferation, immune
surveillance and immune evasion. The aim of the present study was a
detailed immune characterization of MM during the course of the disease,
in order to highlight signatures which are clinically relevant. Analyses
of both BM and peripheral blood (PB) in matched patients' samples, we
showed that PB cannot representatively reflect the BM microenvironment.
Particular immune signatures in BM and PB significantly correlated with
established prognostic features and could independently associate with
distinct responses to the same induction therapy. Moreover, our data
provide evidence of a diverse immune profile according to patients' MRD
status post treatment. Finally, we provide insights that unique PB
immune profiles may be used for the prediction of MRD status through a
simple non-invasive approach.
Despite recent advances, Multiple Myeloma (MM) remains an incurable
disease with apparent heterogeneity that may explain patients' variable
clinical outcomes. While the phenotypic, (epi)genetic, and molecular
characteristics of myeloma cells have been thoroughly examined, there is
limited information regarding the role of the bone marrow (BM)
microenvironment in the natural history of the disease. In the present
study, we performed deep phenotyping of 32 distinct immune cell subsets
in a cohort of 94 MM patients to reveal unique immune profiles in both
BM and peripheral blood (PB) that characterize distinct prognostic
groups, responses to induction treatment, and minimal residual disease
(MRD) status. Our data show that PB cells do not reflect the BM
microenvironment and that the two sites should be studied independently.
Adverse ISS stage and high-risk cytogenetics were correlated with
distinct immune profiles; most importantly, BM signatures comprised
decreased tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and erythroblasts, whereas
the unique Treg signatures in PB could discriminate those patients
achieving complete remission after VRd induction therapy. Moreover, MRD
negative status was correlated with a more experienced CD4- and
CD8-mediated immunity phenotype in both BM and PB, thus highlighting a
critical role of by-stander cells linked to MRD biology
Aberrant Plasma Cell Contamination of Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Autografts, Assessed by Next-Generation Flow Cytometry, Is a Negative Predictor for Deep Response Post Autologous Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma; A Prospective Study in 199 Patients
High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell support (ASCT) is the standard of care for eligible newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM) patients. Stem cell graft contamination by aberrant plasma cells (APCs) has been considered a possible predictive marker of subsequent clinical outcome, but the limited reports to date present unclear conclusions. We prospectively estimated the frequency of graft contamination using highly sensitive next-generation flow cytometry and evaluated its clinical impact in 199 myeloma patients who underwent an ASCT. Contamination (con+) was detected in 79/199 patients at a median level 2 × 10−5. Its presence and levels were correlated with response to induction treatment, with 94%, 71% and 43% achieving CR, VGPR and PR, respectively. Importantly, con+ grafts conferred 2-fold and 2.8-fold higher patient-risk of not achieving or delaying reaching CR (4 vs. 11 months) and MRD negativity (5 vs. 18 months) post ASCT, respectively. Our data also provide evidence of a potentially skewed bone marrow (BM) reconstitution due to unpurged grafts, since con+ derived BM had significantly higher prevalence of memory B cells. These data, together with the absence of significant associations with baseline clinical features, highlight graft contamination as a potential biomarker with independent prognostic value for deeper responses, including MRD negativity. Longer follow-up will reveal if this corresponds to PFS or OS advantage
Aberrant Plasma Cell Contamination of Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Autografts, Assessed by Next-Generation Flow Cytometry, Is a Negative Predictor for Deep Response Post Autologous Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma; A Prospective Study in 199 Patients
Simple Summary Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains the
standard of care for transplant-eligible newly diagnosed Multiple
Myeloma (NDMM) patients. However, despite its overall benefit, patients
undergo various clinical outcomes post ASCT. Therefore, the
identification of biomarkers that could explain, at least partially,
this heterogeneity is of utmost clinical significance. The aim of this
study was to assess clonal plasma cell contamination of the stem cell
grafts of NDMM and evaluate its potency as a predictive/prognostic
marker. Our results showed that worse responses to induction therapy
correlate with higher levels of graft contamination. Importantly, our
data revealed the significantly higher risk of delaying or not achieving
complete remission and minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative responses
among patients with graft contamination. Graft contamination is emerging
as a promising predictive biomarker of clinical relevance that could be
used to stratify patients post ASCT. High-dose chemotherapy with
autologous stem cell support (ASCT) is the standard of care for eligible
newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM) patients. Stem cell graft
contamination by aberrant plasma cells (APCs) has been considered a
possible predictive marker of subsequent clinical outcome, but the
limited reports to date present unclear conclusions. We prospectively
estimated the frequency of graft contamination using highly sensitive
next-generation flow cytometry and evaluated its clinical impact in 199
myeloma patients who underwent an ASCT. Contamination (con+) was
detected in 79/199 patients at a median level 2 x 10(-5). Its presence
and levels were correlated with response to induction treatment, with
94%, 71% and 43% achieving CR, VGPR and PR, respectively.
Importantly, con+ grafts conferred 2-fold and 2.8-fold higher
patient-risk of not achieving or delaying reaching CR (4 vs. 11 months)
and MRD negativity (5 vs. 18 months) post ASCT, respectively. Our data
also provide evidence of a potentially skewed bone marrow (BM)
reconstitution due to unpurged grafts, since con+ derived BM had
significantly higher prevalence of memory B cells. These data, together
with the absence of significant associations with baseline clinical
features, highlight graft contamination as a potential biomarker with
independent prognostic value for deeper responses, including MRD
negativity. Longer follow-up will reveal if this corresponds to PFS or
OS advantage
Impact of minimal residual disease detection by next-generation flow cytometry in multiple myeloma patients with sustained complete remission after frontline therapy
Minimal residual disease (MRD) was monitored in 52 patients with sustained CR (≥2 years) after frontline therapy using next-generation flow (NGF) cytometry. 25% of patients initially MRD- reversed to MRD+. 56% of patients in sustained CR were MRD+; 45% at the level of 10−5; 17% at 10−6. All patients who relapsed during follow-up were MRD+ at the latest MRD assessment, including those with ultra-low tumor burden. MRD persistence was associated with specific phenotypic profiles: higher erythroblasts’ and tumor-associated monocytes/macrophages’ predominance in the bone marrow niche. NGF emerges as a suitable method for periodic, reproducible, highly-sensitive MRD-detection at the level of 10−6