Innovative meat product technology: a new look at traditional nutrition

A promising direction in the development of new food products is the reduction of calories and partial replacement of ingredients of animal origin with vegetable ones to maximize the saturation of foods with nutrients that contribute to the maintenance of normal life. The aim of this work was to develop an optimized recipe for a meat product – pate, based on a traditional recipe, but including herbal ingredients of local origin. The proposed recipe for pate in traditional cuisine allows to reduce the calorie and fat content of the daily diet of a modern person while increasing the protein content, expands the range of finished meat products on the consumer market, and maximizes the provision of the organism with the necessary nutrients. The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the qualitative characteristics of the pate, made according to the traditional recipe, and experimental samples with different contents of the herbal ingredient, followed by the selection of a sample with an experimentally determined optimal composition. The plant components included in the new recipe – pumpkin-flaxseed complex and carrot dietary fiber – provide the maximum balance of nutrients

Evaluation of milk quality indicators depending on seasonality in the conditions of JSC Kirov Volgograd region

The paper presents the results of studying the influence of the season on the change in the physico-chemical and amino acid composition of milk obtained from black-and-white cows. During the analysis, it was revealed that the composition of milk throughout the year was not constant. The highest fat content in milk was produced in autumn and winter, while the highest protein content was found in spring and summer milk. The amino acid composition of milk in the autumn-winter period is higher compared to the spring-summer period, which is due to a change in the diet, namely the predominance of concentrated feeds in winter. Based on the data obtained, it can be assumed that the milk produced by JSC named after Kirov, meets all requirements and can be recommended for the production of high-quality food

Inorganic Nitrile Halides in the Synthesis of Halogen-, Nitro- and Halogenated Nitro-Products

Проведено теоретическое и экспериментальное изучение неорганических нитрилгалогенидов в реакциях галогенирования, нитрования и нитрогалогенирования аренов и алкинов. Показано, что при использовании системы I2 (Hal-) в присутствии нитратов щелочных металлов в среде уксусной кислоты возможно образование нитрилгалогенидов. В зависимости от природы галогенида получены продукты йодирования, нитрования, нитрогалогенирования, циклизации, окисления органических субстратов. Для осуществления направленного синтеза проведены теоретические квантово-химические расчеты промежуточных частиц – нитрилгалогенидов – с использованием стандартного пакета программ Gaussian‑03. Расчет показал возможность образования частиц NO2Hal, их геометрию и распад по гомо- или гетеролитическому механизмуInorganic nitrile halides have been studied theoretically by quantum-chemical approach and experimentally in the reactions of halogenation, nitration and nitro halogenation of aromatic compounds and alkynes. The generation of nitrile halides was eventually proved can be can be carried out using the iodine system (alkali metal halides) in the presence of alkali metal nitrates in an acetic acid medium. It has been found that the reaction can give the products of iodination, nitration, nitro halogenation, as well as products of cyclization, and oxidation depending on the nature of the halogen. To predict the products of reaction theoretical quantum-chemical calculations for intermediate particles – nitrile halides using the standard Gaussian‑03 software package were carried out. The possibility of NO2Hal formation was approved from quantum calculations. Furthermore the geometry of NO2Hal particles and mechanism of their homo- or heterolytic decay were represente

Мышечная дистрофия Дюшенна: современные подходы к ведению и лечению пациентов

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is one of the most common forms of childhood muscular dystrophies. Its incidence is 1 in 3.5–6 thousand newborn boys according to various sources. The disease is caused by the mutation in the DMD gene coding the dystrophin protein, it leads to the dystrophin absence or malfunction. The disease is characterized by proximal muscle weakness and gastrocnemius muscles pseudohypertrophy. In average, patients lose the ability to walk by themselves by the age of 11 and become nonambulatory. The authors have present modern epidemiological data and etiopathogenesis features of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and have described clinical signs of different disease stages. The algorithm and key points of differential diagnosis are indicated. Special attention was given to the patients’ management: pathogenetic treatment and rehabilitation of pediatric patients.Мышечная дистрофия Дюшенна — одна из наиболее частых форм мышечных дистрофий детского возраста. По разным источникам, заболеваемость миодистрофией Дюшенна оценивается как 1 на 3,5–6 тыс. новорожденных мальчиков. В основе заболевания лежит мутация гена DMD, кодирующего белок дистрофин, приводящая к отсутствию или недостаточной функции дистрофина. Заболевание характеризуется слабостью проксимальных и псевдогипертрофией икроножных мышц, и в среднем к 11 годам пациенты теряют возможность самостоятельно передвигаться и становятся неамбулаторными больными. Авторами представлены современные эпидемиологические данные и особенности этиопатогенеза мышечной дистрофии Дюшенна, описаны клинические характеристики разных стадий болезни. Подробно представлен алгоритм и указаны ключевые этапы дифференциально-диагностического поиска. Особое внимание уделено вопросам лечения пациентов, в том числе патогенетическому лечению, реабилитации пациентов детского возраста

Клинические рекомендации по ведению детей с дефицитом лизосомной кислой липазы

Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency is s a rare hereditary enzymopathy. The article presents epidemiological data and features of etiopathogenesis of two phenotypic forms of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency — Wolman disease and cholesterol ester storage disease. Special attention has been given to the key issues of differential diagnostic search, clinical guidelines based on the principles of evidence-based medicine have been given.Дефицит лизосомной кислой липазы — редкая наследственная ферментопатия. В статье представлены эпидемиологические данные и особенности этиопатогенеза двух фенотипических форм дефицита лизосомной кислой липазы — болезни Вольмана и болезни накопления эфиров холестерина. Подробно описаны клинические характеристики быстропрогрессирующей формы и медленно развивающейся болезни накопления эфиров холестерина. Особое внимание уделено ключевым вопросам дифференциально-диагностического поиска, приведены рекомендации по лечению, основанные на принципах доказательной медицины

Visualizing codon usage within and across genomes : concepts and tools

Cost and time of genome sequencing have plummeted over the last decade. This leads to explosive growth of genetic databases and development of novel sequencing-based approaches to study various biological phenomena. The database growth was particularly beneficial for investigation of protein-coding sequences at the codon level, requiring the access to large sets of related genomes. Such studies are expected to illuminate biological forces that shape primary structure of coding sequences and predict their evolutionary trajectories more precisely. In addition to fundamental interest, codon usage studies are of ample practical value, for example, in drug discovery and genomic medicine areas. Nevertheless, the depth of our understanding of codon-related issues is currently shallower as compared to what we know about nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Besides the lack of adequate datasets in the early days of molecular biology, codon usage studies, in our opinion, suffer from underdevelopment of easy-to-use tools to analyze and visualize how codon sequence changes along the gene and across the homologous genes in course of evolution. In this review, we aim to describe main areas of codon usage studies with an emphasis on the tools that allow visual interpretation of the data. We discuss underlying principles of different approaches, what kind of statistics lends confidence in their results and what has to be done to further boost the field of codon usage research