Преодоление антипрививочного скепсиса: поиски решения выхода из сложившейся ситуации

Background. The problem of distrust of immunization is widespread not only in Russia but also all over the world. Many parents refuse to vaccinate their child reasoning that the vaccines can harm their health, the immune system may not cope with the body burden; and some doctors themselves discourage parents from vaccination. Our aim was to assess the attitude of doctors and parents towards vaccination whose children are vaccinated completely or partially; to study the most frequent reasons for refusals of vaccination by parents. Methods. We used the questionnaires for parents (n = 114) who brought their children for vaccination for the first time or repeatedly; and the questionnaires for students of 4–6 courses and interns of medical universities (n = 336) who expressed their sentiments towards vaccination and demonstrated the knowledge of the national and regional immunization schedules. AstonGroup also conducted studies among physicians of different specialties (n = 307) on the most frequent reasons for refusals of vaccination. Results. In most cases, the parents’ attitude towards vaccination was positive. One in three patient representatives considered that he was fully acquainted with immunization issues, and more than half wanted to be vaccinated only within the national immunization schedule. In almost 100% of cases, parents had trust in information about vaccination received from a doctor. The results of the AstonGroup survey showed that the most frequent medical exemptions were given by neurologists, immunologists, and surgeons. And the parents themselves, who brought their children to see doctors, reasoned their refusals of vaccination with fear of complications and also considered vaccination to be harmful and useless. The doctors participating in the survey offered methods for influencing the parents, namely: providing them with accessible information about vaccinations included in the national immunization schedule as well as about the experience of using vaccines, including other countries. Discussion. The survey revealed insufficient knowledge of the national immunization schedule among students as well as cautious attitude towards vaccination issues and the trust in vaccination myths among legally authorized representatives of patients. Conclusion. The effective measures to combat ‘anti-vaccination scepticism’ are lectures for parents; personal, social and health education at pediatric sites as well as continuing medical education.Обоснование. Проблема недоверия к иммунизации широко распространена не только в России, но и во всем мире. Многие родители отказываются прививать своего ребенка, аргументируя это тем, что вакцины могут нанести вред здоровью, иммунная система может не справиться с нагрузкой на организм, к тому же некоторые врачи сами отговаривают родителей от вакцинации.Цель исследования — оценить отношение к вакцинации врачей и родителей, дети которых привиты полностью либо частично; изучить наиболее частые причины отказов от прививок со стороны родителей.Методы. Использованы вопросники для родителей (n=114), приведших на вакцинацию своих детей впервые или повторно; анкеты для студентов 4–6-х курсов и интернов медицинских вузов (n=336), которые выражали свое отношение к вакцинации и демонстрировали знания национального и регионального календарей профилактических прививок. Компания Aston Group также проводила исследования среди врачей разных специальностей (n=307) о наиболее частых причинах отказов от вакцинации.Результаты. В большинстве случаев отношение родителей к вакцинации было позитивным, каждый третий представитель пациента считал, что полностью информирован в вопросах иммунизации и больше половины хотели прививаться только в рамках национального календаря профилактических прививок. Практически в 100% случаев родители доверяли информации о прививках, полученной от врача. Результаты опроса компании Aston Group показали, что самые частые медотводы давали неврологи, иммунологи и хирурги. А сами родители, приходящие с детьми на прием к врачам, мотивировали свои отказы от прививок боязнью осложнений, а также считали вакцинацию вредной и бесполезной. Врачами, участвующими в опросе, были предложены методы по воздействию на родителей пациентов, а именно: обеспечение их доступной информацией о прививках, входящих в национальный календарь профилактических прививок, а также об опыте применения вакцин, в том числе в других странах.Обсуждение. Проведенный опрос выявил недостаточное знание Национального календаря профилактических прививок среди студентов, а также многочисленные заблуждения в отношении профилактических прививок со стороны других педиатрических специалистов (особенно детских неврологов и детских аллергологов-иммунологов), осторожное отношение в вопросах вакцинации и доверие к «мифам» о прививках среди законных представителей пациентов. Заключение. Эффективными мероприятиями на пути борьбы с антипрививочным скепсисом являются лекции для родителей, санитарно-просветительская работа на педиатрических участках, а также повышение квалификации врачей.КОНФЛИКТ ИНТЕРЕСОВ Л.С. Намазова-Баранова — получение исследовательских грантов от фармацевтических компаний Пьер Фабр, Genzyme Europe B. V., ООО «Астра зенека Фармасьютикалз», Gilead/PRA «Фармасьютикал Рисерч Ассошиэйтс СиАйЭс», «Bionorica», Teva Branded Pharmaceutical products R&D, Inc/ООО «ППД Девелопмент (Смоленск)», «Сталлержен С. А.»/«Квинтайлс ГезмбХ» (Австрия). Остальные авторы данной статьи подтверждают отсутствие конфликта интересов, о котором необходимо сообщит

Primary Observational Results on Children Who Have Been Exposed to COVID-19 in Moscow

Background. The number of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 is growing worldwide. It is necessary to study features of prevalence and clinical signs in pediatric population considering the fact that this disease is rather new.The aim of the study is to analyze the features of prevalence and clinical signs of pathologic process of COVID-19 in pediatric patients according to the results of practical experience of primary care medical facility (Children’s City Outpatients Clinic № 133) under the conditions of pandemia.Methods. Pediatricians of Children’s City Outpatient’s Clinic № 133 have examined certain categories of pediatric patients (especially who came from abroad or contacted with infection) for the presence of a new coronaviral infection in February 2020. Doctors have been examining children with catarrhal symptoms and hyperthermia since March 2020. The survey of children in February and March was carried out in accordance with algorithms (uniform for adults and children) approved by the Moscow City Health Department. Later, the survey was carried out in accordance with the guidelines for children prepared by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The throat and nose swabs on SARS-CoV-2 were performed for all patients on the 1st, 11th and 13th day of the disease.Results. 1,900 children (or 3.1% of total attached pediatric population) have been examined in our outpatient’s clinic with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method on the presence of the new coronavirus RNA since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia. The course of disease was analyzed in first 100 patients with the confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis: 58 (58%) boys and 42 (42%) girls. In 81% of cases we revealed the source of infection, in 19% – we did not. The disease was asymptomatic in 11 (11%) children examined after the contact with ill relatives; 89% had mild COVID-19 disease with light catarrhal signs. The most numerous group of patients who had COVID-19 consisted of children over 10 years of age (42%); in 20% of cases it was pupils from 7 to 10 years old. Smell disorders were reported in children over the age of 10 in 50% of all cases.Conclusion. New coronaviral infection COVID-19 in children is taking mild course, without complications, under the «mask» of common viral infection. Thus, it is unknown either those who have undergone COVID-19 asymptomatically remain healthy or they need special rehabilitation. The timely development of clear algorithm with step-by-step instructions for various situations for every health professional is crucial during these difficult times

The Role of “Preventive Vaccination in Healthy Children and Children with Chronic Diseases” Discipline in the Specialist Training Curriculum in the Field of “Pediatrics”

This article presents the experience of teaching the discipline «Preventive Vaccination in Healthy Children and Children with Chronic Diseases». Its significance in preparation of students of pediatric departments of higher educational institutions of Russia is validated. It is shown that the majority of students have positive attitude to vaccination, however, they are not sufficiently informed about the organization of the process itself and they need to obtain such knowledge

Первые результаты наблюдения за детьми, переболевшими COVID-19 в Москве

Background. The number of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 is growing worldwide. It is necessary to study features of prevalence and clinical signs in pediatric population considering the fact that this disease is rather new.The aim of the study is to analyze the features of prevalence and clinical signs of pathologic process of COVID-19 in pediatric patients according to the results of practical experience of primary care medical facility (Children’s City Outpatients Clinic № 133) under the conditions of pandemia.Methods. Pediatricians of Children’s City Outpatient’s Clinic № 133 have examined certain categories of pediatric patients (especially who came from abroad or contacted with infection) for the presence of a new coronaviral infection in February 2020. Doctors have been examining children with catarrhal symptoms and hyperthermia since March 2020. The survey of children in February and March was carried out in accordance with algorithms (uniform for adults and children) approved by the Moscow City Health Department. Later, the survey was carried out in accordance with the guidelines for children prepared by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The throat and nose swabs on SARS-CoV-2 were performed for all patients on the 1st, 11th and 13th day of the disease.Results. 1,900 children (or 3.1% of total attached pediatric population) have been examined in our outpatient’s clinic with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method on the presence of the new coronavirus RNA since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia. The course of disease was analyzed in first 100 patients with the confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis: 58 (58%) boys and 42 (42%) girls. In 81% of cases we revealed the source of infection, in 19% – we did not. The disease was asymptomatic in 11 (11%) children examined after the contact with ill relatives; 89% had mild COVID-19 disease with light catarrhal signs. The most numerous group of patients who had COVID-19 consisted of children over 10 years of age (42%); in 20% of cases it was pupils from 7 to 10 years old. Smell disorders were reported in children over the age of 10 in 50% of all cases.Conclusion. New coronaviral infection COVID-19 in children is taking mild course, without complications, under the «mask» of common viral infection. Thus, it is unknown either those who have undergone COVID-19 asymptomatically remain healthy or they need special rehabilitation. The timely development of clear algorithm with step-by-step instructions for various situations for every health professional is crucial during these difficult times.Актуальность. В мире растет число людей, инфицированных коронавирусом SARS-CoV-2, вызывающим COVID-19. Учитывая тот факт, что болезнь новая, необходимо изучение особенностей распространения и клинической картины, в частности в детской популяции.Цель — на основании результатов практической работы медицинской организации первичного медико-санитарного звена (поликлиники; ГБУЗ «ДГП № 133 ДЗМ») в условиях пандемии проанализировать особенности распространения и клинической картины патологического процесса COVID-19 у пациентов детского возраста.Методы. В феврале 2020 г. педиатры ГБУЗ «ДГП № 133 ДЗМ» обследовали на наличие новой коронавирусной инфекции определенные категории пациентов детского возраста, а именно приехавших из-за рубежа, контактных с больным, прежде всего в семейных очагах; с марта 2020 г. врачи обследовали детей с катаральными явлениями и гипертермией. Обследование детей в феврале и марте проводилось в соответствии с утвержденными Департаментом здравоохранения города Москвы алгоритмами, едиными для взрослых и детей; в последующем обследование осуществлялось согласно методическим рекомендациям, подготовленным Министерством здравоохранения Российской Федерации для детей. Тест биоматериала на SARS-CoV-2 из зева и носа проводился пациентам в 1-й, 11-й и 13-й день болезни.Результаты. С начала пандемии COVID-19 в России в нашей поликлинике до 20 апреля 2020 г. методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) обследовано 1900 детей (3,1% всего прикрепленного детского населения) на наличие РНК нового коронавируса. Проанализировано течение болезни у первых 100 пациентов с подтвержденным COVID-19: 58 (58%) мальчиков и 42 (42%) девочки. У 81% детей был установлен источник заражения, у 19% детей выявить источник заражения не удалось. У 11 (11%) детей, обследованных по контакту с больным родственником, болезнь протекала бессимптомно; у 89% отмечалось легкое течение COVID-19 с незначительными катаральными явлениями. Самую многочисленную группу пациентов, перенесших COVID-19, составили дети старше 10 лет (42%): в 20% случаев заболевшими были школьники от 7 до 10 лет. Нарушение обоняния, по данным наблюдения, зарегистрировано у детей в возрасте старше 10 лет в 50% случаев.Заключение. Новая коронавирусная инфекция COVID-19 у детей протекает в легкой форме, без осложнений, под «маской» обычной вирусной инфекции, однако не известно, остаются ли здоровыми те, кто перенес COVID-19 бессимптомно, или для них нужна специальная реабилитация. Критически важным является своевременная разработка четкого алгоритма с пошаговой инструкцией для каждого сотрудника при различных ситуациях в период повышенной готовности

Overcoming ‘Anti-Vaccination Scepticism’: Seeking a Solution to the Situation

Background. The problem of distrust of immunization is widespread not only in Russia but also all over the world. Many parents refuse to vaccinate their child reasoning that the vaccines can harm their health, the immune system may not cope with the body burden; and some doctors themselves discourage parents from vaccination. Our aim was to assess the attitude of doctors and parents towards vaccination whose children are vaccinated completely or partially; to study the most frequent reasons for refusals of vaccination by parents. Methods. We used the questionnaires for parents (n = 114) who brought their children for vaccination for the first time or repeatedly; and the questionnaires for students of 4–6 courses and interns of medical universities (n = 336) who expressed their sentiments towards vaccination and demonstrated the knowledge of the national and regional immunization schedules. AstonGroup also conducted studies among physicians of different specialties (n = 307) on the most frequent reasons for refusals of vaccination. Results. In most cases, the parents’ attitude towards vaccination was positive. One in three patient representatives considered that he was fully acquainted with immunization issues, and more than half wanted to be vaccinated only within the national immunization schedule. In almost 100% of cases, parents had trust in information about vaccination received from a doctor. The results of the AstonGroup survey showed that the most frequent medical exemptions were given by neurologists, immunologists, and surgeons. And the parents themselves, who brought their children to see doctors, reasoned their refusals of vaccination with fear of complications and also considered vaccination to be harmful and useless. The doctors participating in the survey offered methods for influencing the parents, namely: providing them with accessible information about vaccinations included in the national immunization schedule as well as about the experience of using vaccines, including other countries. Discussion. The survey revealed insufficient knowledge of the national immunization schedule among students as well as cautious attitude towards vaccination issues and the trust in vaccination myths among legally authorized representatives of patients. Conclusion. The effective measures to combat ‘anti-vaccination scepticism’ are lectures for parents; personal, social and health education at pediatric sites as well as continuing medical education

Amino acid formulas in patients with food allergy

The article presents modern approaches to the use of balanced formulas for nutrition and diet correction in children with various forms of food allergies. The guidelines are based on all available up to date evidence on the efficacy, safety and utility of using such innovative medical technology as specialized amino acid formulas. This formula is the targeted medical intervention for food allergies and confirmed cow's milk protein allergy, and particularly for patients with reduced physical growth and development (growth rates included). The material is based on methodological guidelines on the amino acid formulas usage previously developed by specialist experts of the Union of pediatricians of Russia in 2020

Amino Acid Formulas in Patients with Gastrointestinal Diseases

Modern approaches for the management of children with gastrointestinal pathologies include optimal nutritional support that makes it possible to replete energy failure and restore essential nutrients balance. The article presents key information on gastrointestinal diseases in which modern amino acid formulas can be used to regulate nutritional status. The authors have conducted the extensive analysis of all available for now evidence on the efficacy, safety and utility of using such innovative medical technology as special elemental formula in gastrointestinal tract pathological conditions. This material is the basis for guidlines on the use of amino acid formulas developed by expert specialists of the Union of Pediatricians of Russia in 2020

Место дисциплины «вакцинопрофилактика здоровых детей и детей с хроническими заболеваниями» в учебном плане подготовки специалиста по направлению «педиатрия»

This article presents the experience of teaching the discipline «Preventive Vaccination in Healthy Children and Children with Chronic Diseases». Its significance in preparation of students of pediatric departments of higher educational institutions of Russia is validated. It is shown that the majority of students have positive attitude to vaccination, however, they are not sufficiently informed about the organization of the process itself and they need to obtain such knowledge.В статье представлен опыт преподавания дисциплины «Вакцинопрофилактика здоровых детей и детей с хроническими заболеваниями» и обоснована ее актуальность в обучении студентов педиатрических факультетов высших учебных заведений России. Показано, что большинство студентов положительно относятся к вакцинации, однако недостаточно информированы в вопросах организации самого процесса и нуждаются в получении этих знаний

Совершенствование подходов к иммунопрофилактике детей с отклонениями в состоянии здоровья: результаты проспективного когортного исследования

Background. Modern preventive vaccination is intended to protect and enhance the health of every person considering age and health issues. Vaccination of children with chronic diseases in our country remains extremely topical and arguable problem that associated with many pending issues for doctors of various specialties, including those working as primary care specialists.Objective. The aim of the study is to develop major approaches and to prove scientifically the efficacy and safety of preventive vaccination for children with various chronic diseases.Methods. We have conducted comprehensive study of 100 children aged from 1 month to 17 years 11 months. Children were divided into 4 groups according to the specific disease. Vaccinal and infectious history was analyzed. The post-vaccination period was estimated due to the results of the questionnaire completed by parents. Vaccination immunogenicity was estimated based on the results of the level of specific antibodies to various controlled infections (measles, rubella, parotitis, hepatitis B, pertussis, haemophilus influenza type b).Results. Protective titers of antibodies against haemophilus influenza type b were revealed in 96.2% of all examined patients, tetanus and hepatitis B — in 95.2%, against pertussis — in 92.5%, rubella — in 91%, measles — in 87.5%, parotitis — in 71.9%, chickenpox — in 69% children a month after the completed vaccination. The postvaccinal period was characterized as favorable in most patients. Major changes in overall health status occurred after vaccination in 42% of children was the following: subfebrile fever, capriciousness, or fatigue. Local reactions have developed only in 15% of cases.Conclusion. The results of this study have demonstrated the preventive vaccination efficacy and safety in children with various chronic diseasesОбоснование. Современная вакцинопрофилактика призвана обеспечить защиту и пользу для здоровья каждого человека, учитывая в том числе возрастные характеристики и особенности состояния здоровья. До настоящего времени в нашей стране тема вакцинации детей с хроническими заболеваниями остается чрезвычайно актуальной и дискутабельной, с которой ассоциировано много нерешенных вопросов для врачей различных специальностей, в том числе работающих в первичном звене здравоохранения.Цель исследования. Разработать основные подходы и научно доказать эффективность и безопасность вакцинопрофилактики детей с различными формами хронической патологии.Методы. Проведено комплексное обследование 100 детей в возрасте от 1 мес до 17 лет 11 мес. Дети были разделены на 4 группы в зависимости от основной нозологической формы. Анализировался вакцинальный и инфекционный анамнез, с учетом которого проводилась вакцинация. По результатам заполненной родителями анкеты оценивалось течение поствакцинального периода. Проводилась оценка иммуногенности вакцинации по результатам измерения уровня специфических антител к ряду контролируемых инфекций (кори, краснухи, эпидемического паротита, гепатита В, коклюша, гемофильной инфекции типа b).Результаты. Через месяц после завершенной вакцинации защитные титры антител против гемофильной инфекции типа b установлены у 96,2% всех обследуемых пациентов, против столбняка и гепатита В — у 95,2%, против коклюша — у 92,5%, против краснухи — у 91%, против кори — у 87,5%, против паротита — у 71,9%, против ветряной оспы — у 69% детей. Течение поствакцинального периода у большинства пациентов характеризовалось как благоприятное. Среди изменений общего состояния, возникших после вакцинации у 42% детей, регистрировались субфебрильная температура, капризность или вялость. Местные реакции развивались лишь в 15% случаев.Заключение. Результаты работы позволили продемонстрировать иммунологическую эффективность и клиническую безопасность иммунопрофилактики детей с различными формами хронических заболеваний