The influence of some model parameters on the impurity distribution implanted into substrate surface

The model for description of the initial stage of ion implantation into the surface layer of the metal is presented. The interdependence of embedded impurity concentration and deformations arising from the impact of particles on the surface is investigated. The model takes into account the particle diffusion, the finite time of mass flux relaxation; the stress appearance due to a composition change of the surface layer and a mass transfer phenomenon under a stress gradient action. It is established that the interaction of mechanical waves and concentration leads to a distribution of concentration not corresponding to a pure diffusion process. The examples of coupled problems solution for different sets of model parameters are presented

The influence of vacancy generation at the initial stage of ion implantation

The paper presents a coupled isothermal model at the initial stage of a solid surface treatment with particle beams. Mechanical stresses arising due to the interaction of particles with the surface affect the redistribution of the implanted impurity. Vacancies in the metal surface and their generation under stress are also taken into account. The kinetic law is formulated on the basis of thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The authors used numerical investigation methods. As a result, they have obtained the distributions of impurity concentration and deformations for various time moments. The authors also compare the concentration and deformation profiles with and without vacancies and study the influences of some model parameters. The effect of vacancy generation on the diffusion has been established to lead to an increase in the depth of penetration, as well as in the concentration of impurities

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЙ ПРИВЛЕКАТЕЛЬНОСТИ РЕГИОНА: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ

Статья посвящена рассмотрению актуальной инвестиционной проблематики, в центре внимания – повышение инвестиционной привлекательности региона. На основе проведенных исследований выделяются факторы, снижающие инвестиционную привлекательность региона, и предложен ряд мероприятий, способствующих значительно увеличить приток инвестиций в экономику Белгородской области

Influence of Organic Matter on the Transport of Mineral Colloids in the River-Sea Transition Zone

The River-Sea Transition Zone has a significant impact on marine ecosystems, especially at present, due to increased anthropogenic pressure on rivers. The colloidal form of river runoff has not been practically studied, unlike the dissolved and suspended one, but this form is particularly important for the transport of river substances. The mechanisms of substance transfer were studied using model systems (colloidal clay, Fe(OH)3 sol), particle aggregation was estimated by changes in optical density, turbidity and particle size. The influence of the nature of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and salinity on colloid transport was studied. It was found that humic substances (HS) (recalcitrant DOM) stabilize mineral colloids with increasing salinity, while their interaction with chitosan (labile DOM) promotes flocculation and further precipitation in the mixing zone. In natural conditions, labile DOM can be released during viral lysis of bacteria or salt stress of biota. It was shown that clay particles modified with HS are flocculated more effectively than pure clays. HS can facilitate the transport of Fe(OH)3 into the outer part of the mixing zone even in the presence of flocculants. The flocculation mechanism and modern views on this process are considered

Development of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)'s Shadow Economy Assessment Methodology

The purpose of the article is to study the shadow economy assessment methodology. This article presents a comprehensive study of the parameters of a shadow economy, considers its essence, and defines its terminology. This study outlines the historical approach to the development of the shadow economy, both in Russia and worldwide, and gives a brief analysis of the economy of the Republic of Sakha. The authors examined the specifics of the statistical methods applied in assessing various structural elements of a shadow economy and measured and assessed the shadow economy in this region. The research conducted enabled the authors to formulate the main measures required to reduce the shadow economy. The scientific novelty is justified by the research results, which included studying and summarizing a wide range of published and unpublished materials, the examination of the initial and transitional periods of the shadow economy development in Yakutia. The article reveals the main causes and conditions that lead to the formation of the shadow economy in various sectors of the Yakutia economy. The solutions and suggestions proposed in the article are aimed at reducing the shadow economy parameters. The scientific research results are of theoretical and applied importance for public administration and authorities to improve the effectiveness of the fight against the shadow economy manifestations

Трансплантация пластов мезенхимальных прогениторных клеток сердца для васкуляризации миокарда после инфаркта

Purpose. To develop a method of producing tissue-engineered constructs (TECs) on the basis of resident mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPC) of the human heart and to assess the effect of TECs transplantation on regenerative processes in the heart using a model of myocardial infarction in rats.Materials and methods. Human resident MPCs were isolated from the right atrial auricle of CAD patients. A similar protocol was used to obtain MPCs from Wistar rats. The MPC immunophenotype was determined by cytofluorometry. Corresponding TECs were obtained on the basis of MPC sheets of human and rats' hearts. Myocardial infarction in rats was induced by ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery followed by TEC transplantation. Euthanasia was performed 30 days after the transplantation. Histological examination of the implant and vascularization cells, morphometric analysis, tracking of the MPC differentiation ability, determination of the content of growth factors by solid-phase ELISA were carried out. Statistical evaluation of the significance of differences was performed using the Statistica 8.0 software package.Results. The analysis of the obtained cell constructs showed that they consisted of several layers of cells interacting with each other by means of connexin 43 and were characterized by good cell viability as a part TECs. The number of vessels in the peri-infarction area under the transplant from the MPC was significantly higher than that in the reference group with signs of differentiation of cardiac MPCs transplanted into endothelial vascular cells.The increased vascularization was combined with an increase in the area of viable myocardial sites and a decrease in LV cavity dilation. Analysis of the cardiac MPC secretion products showed that they produce the most important growth factors and cytokines that regulate angiogenesis and migration of stem cells.Conclusion. The strategy of using epicardial TEC transplantation based on MPC sheets seems to be a rational approach for effective delivery of viable stem/progenitor cells to the damaged myocardium. The use of TEC helps to reduce or temporarily eliminate the effect of factors that contribute to progressive heart dysfunction by local paracrine exposure and activation of the revascularization processes in the affected zone.Цель. Разработать способ получения тканеинженерных конструкций (ТИК), на основе резидентных мезенхимальных прогениторных клеток (МПК) сердца человека и оценить влияние трансплантации ТИК на регенеративные процессы в сердце на модели инфаркта миокарда крысы.Материалы и методы. Резидентные МПК человека выделяли из ушка правого предсердия пациентов с ИБС. По аналогичному протоколу выделяли МПК крысы линии Wistar. Методом проточной цитофлуориметрии определяли иммунофенотип МПК. На основе пластов МПК сердца человека и крыс получали соответствующие ТИК. Инфаркт миокарда у крыс был индуцирован путем перевязки передней нисходящей коронарной артерии, после чего проводили трансплантацию ТИК. Через 30 дней после трансплантации выполняли эвтаназию. Проводили гистологическую оценку состояния клеток имплантата и васкуляризации, морфометрический анализ, трекинг дифференцировочной способности МПК, определение содержания ростовых факторов методом твердофазного ИФА. Статистическую оценку достоверности различий проводили с использованием программного пакета Statistica 8.0.Результаты. Анализ полученных клеточных конструкций показал, что они состоят из нескольких слоев клеток, взаимодействующих между собой при помощи коннексин–43, и характеризуются хорошей жизнеспособностью клеток в составе ТИК. Количество сосудов в периинфарктной области под трансплантатом из МПК было значительно больше, чем в контрольной группе, с признаками дифференцировки трансплантированных МПК сердца в эндотелиальные клетки сосудов.Увеличение васкуляризации сочеталось с увеличением площади участков жизнеспособного миокарда, уменьшением дилатации полости ЛЖ. Анализ продуктов секреции МПК сердца показал, что они продуцируют важнейшие факторы роста и цитокины, регулирующие ангиогенез и миграцию стволовых клеток.Заключение. Стратегия использования эпикардиальной трансплантации ТИК на основе пластов из МПК представляется рациональным подходом для эффективной доставки жизнеспособных стволовых/прогениторных клеток в поврежденный миокард. Применение ТИК способствует уменьшению или временному исключению действия факторов, способствующих прогрессирующей дисфункции сердца, путем локального паракринного воздействия и активации процессов реваскуляризации зоны повреждения

Evaluation of Availability of Human, Scientific, Technological and Innovative Potential in the Context of Priorities in Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation

Introduction. The implementation of priorities of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation involves an assessment of the trends in the development of human, scientific, technological and innovation potential within the framework of these directions. In modern conditions of transformation of science and technology into key factors of Russian development, it is necessary to provide the country’s economy with human resources capable of withstanding “big challenges”, but at this stage there is a shortage of highly qualified specialists in many key industries that can offer a new scientific result, taking into account the prospects for its application. The purpose of the article is to develop an approach to assess the human, scientific, technological and innovative potentials in the context of priorities in the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation and its validation using the example of three priorities. Materials and Methods. The materials of this study draw on Rosstat and FSMNO ; Rospatent; Web of Science and Scopus. The object of research is to assess human, scientific, technological and innovative potential in the context of priorities in scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation. In the course of the research, a multiplicative model of the impact of the availability of human, scientific, technological and innovative capacity on labour intensity was developed. In the process of research, the following research and analysis methods were used: comparison, induction and deduction method, generalisation method, chain substitution method, logical structure study, system analysis, and special methods of statistical, comparative analysis. In the methodological plan, we used the system and process appro aches in the basis of the study. Results. The study revealed that the labour intensity in 2016 for all three priorities of the scientific and technological revolution of the Russian Federation has increased. Therefore, according to the priorities of the scientific and technological revolution of the Russian Federation, the availability of scientific, technological and innovative potential is not sufficient, which leads to a decrease in the reverse indicator of labour intensity - labour productivity in the markets within the framework of these priorities. Concerning the impact on labour intensity in all three priorities, one observes: the growth of “collaborations” in fundamental research, the applied effectiveness of scientific activity, “collaborations” of applied research; reduction in citations from scientific articles, low patent activity of engineering and technical workers, technological demand for patents. Therefore, against the background of emerging collaborative activity of actors in the process of research and development and the growth of the applied effectiveness of scientific activity, there is a low level of orientation of scientific and scientific-technical results to c ommercialisation. Discussion and Conclusions. On the basis of the multiplicative model developed by the authors for assessing the impact of the provision of human, scientific, technological and innovative capacities on labor intensity, it was tested on the example of the three priorities of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation (a, b, c). It was revealed that the labour intensity in 2016, according to the priorities of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Russian Federation, increased, and the availability of scientific, technological and innovative potential is not sufficient, which leads to a decrease in the inverse measure of labour intensity - labour productivity in high-tech markets within the framework of these priorities. Concerning the impact on labour intensity for all three priorities, it was revealed: the growth of “collaborations” of fundamental research, the applied effectiveness of scientific activity, “collaborations” of applied research; reduction in citations from scientific articles, low patent activity of engineering and technical workers, technological demand for patents. It was also revealed that against the background of the emerging collaborative activity of actors in the process of research and development and the growth of the applied effectiveness of scientific activity, there is a low level of orientation of scientific and scientific-technical results to commercialisation

Активность аутофагии в клетках эпикарда при развитии острого перикардита

Pericarditis is a group of polyetiological diseases often associated with emergence of life– threatening conditions. Poor knowledge of underlying cellular mechanisms and lack of relevant approaches to investigation of pericarditis result in major challenges in diagnosis and treatment.The aim of this work was to identify changes in the activity of autophagy in epicardial cells in acute pericarditis.Materials and methods. Acute pericarditis in mice was induced by intrapericardial injection of Freund's adjuvant in the study group (n=15). The control group included animals receiving either intrapericardial injection of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (n=15), or sham surgery without injections (n=7). On Days 3 or 5 after surgery the animals were euthanized under isoflurane anesthesia. Immunofluorescence staining of cardiac tissue cryo-sections and immunoblotting were used to assess the intensity of inflammation and autophagy in the epicardium.Results. Inflammation and other signs of acute pericarditis resulting in thickening of some epicardial areas were found: 68+9% in the control (after PBS injection) and 124+22% after Freund's adjuvant injection (p=0.009); other signs included cellular infiltration of epicardium and multiple adhesions. The epicardial layer exhibited signs of mesothelial cells reorganization with 11-fold increase of autophagy markers LC3 II/LC3 I ratio: 0.07+0.02 in the control group (after PBS injection) and 0.84+0.07 - in acute pericarditis (p=0.04), and accumulation of collagen fibers.Conclusion. Development of acute pericarditis is accompanied by activation of epicardial mesothelial cells, intensified autophagy and development of fibrous changes in epicacardial/ subepicardial areas.Перикардит – это группа полиэтилогичных заболеваний, которые часто ассоциированы с развитием жизнеугрожающих состояний. Существенные сложности при их диагностике и лечении в значительной степени обусловлены ограниченным пониманием клеточных механизмов развития перикардита и отсутствием релевантных подходов при его изучении.Цель данной работы: выявление изменения активности аутофагии в клетках эпикарда при остром перикардите.Материалы и методы. Острый перикардит в сердце мышей моделировали путем интраперикардиального введения 50 мкл адъюванта Фрейнда (n=15). Контрольным животным интраперкардиально вводили 50 мкл раствора фосфатно-солевого буфера (ФСБ) (n=15) или выполняли операции без интраперикардиального введения какого-либо препарата (ложнооперированные животные, n=7). На 3-й или 5-й день от проведения хирургической операции после ингаляционной наркотизации изофлюраном производили эвтаназию животных. Активность воспаления в зоне эпикарда и выраженность аутофагии исследовали с помощью иммунофлуоресцентных методов окрашивания криосрезов сердца и иммуноблотинга.Результаты. Обнаружили развитие воспалительной реакции и появление признаков острого перикардита, ассоциированного с утолщением зоны эпикарда: 68+9% в контроле (после введения ФСБ) и 124+22% после введения адъюванта Фрейнда, p=0,009, его полиморфно-клеточной инфильтрацией и формированием множественных спаек. В составе эпикардиального слоя наблюдали признаки реорганизации клеток мезотелия, 11-кратное повышение соотношения в них маркеров аутофагии LC3 II/LC3 I: 0,07+0,02 в контроле (после введения ФСБ) и 0,84+0,07 при остром перикардите, р=0,04, а также аккумуляцию коллагеновых волокон.Заключение. Развитие острого перикардита сопровождается активацией клеток эпикардиального мезотелия, повышением выраженности аутофагии и развитием фиброзных изменений в зоне эпикарда/субэпикарда. Изучение возможности модуляции аутофагии с целью воздействия на развитие острого перикардита является предметом дальнейших исследований