13,497 research outputs found
Firm Size and Growth Rate Variance: the Effects of Data Truncation
This paper discusses the effects of the existence of natural and/or exogenously imposed thresholds in firm size distributions, on estimations of the relation between firm size and variance in firm growth rates. We explain why the results in the literature on this relationship are not consistent. We argue that a natural threshold (0 number of employees or 0 total sales) and/or the existence of truncating thresholds in the dataset, can lead to upwardly biased estimations of the relation. We show the potential impact of the bias on simulated data, suggest a methodology to improve these estimations, and present an empirical analysis based on a comprehensive dataset of Dutch manufacturing and service firms. The only stable relation between firm size and growth rate variance is negative regardless of how we define the measure of firm growth.firm growth, growth rates variance; truncation; thresholds
Thermodynamic transport theory of spin waves in ferromagnetic insulators
We use the Boltzmann transport theory in the relaxation time approximation to
describe the thermal transport of spin waves in a ferromagnet. By treating spin
waves as magnon excitations we are able to compute analytically and numerically
the coefficients of the constitutive thermo-magnetic transport equations. As a
main result, we find that the absolute thermo-magnetic power coefficient
, relating the gradient of the potential of the magnetization
current and the gradient of the temperature, in the limit of low temperature
and low field, is a constant . The theory
correctly describes the low-temperature and magnetic-field dependencies of spin
Seebeck experiments. Furthermore, the theory predicts that in the limit of very
low temperatures the spin Peltier coefficient , relating the heat and
the magnetization currents, tends to a finite value which depends on the
amplitude of the magnetic field. This indicates the possibility to exploit the
spin Peltier effect as an efficient cooling mechanism in cryogenics.Comment: (v1) PDFLaTeX, 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, submitted to Phys. Rev.
B; (v2) PDFLaTeX, 12 pages, 5 figures, 1 table; Secs. I, III, IV highly
improved, old-Sec. VI splitted into two new Secs. VI-VII, references added,
typos corrected, revised version re-submitted to Phys. Rev. B; (v3) PDFLaTeX,
12 pages, 5 figures, 1 table; Refs. [3], [27], [36] updated, final version
published in Phys. Rev.
A Syntactic Model of Mutation and Aliasing
Traditionally, semantic models of imperative languages use an auxiliary
structure which mimics memory. In this way, ownership and other encapsulation
properties need to be reconstructed from the graph structure of such global
memory. We present an alternative "syntactic" model where memory is encoded as
part of the program rather than as a separate resource. This means that
execution can be modelled by just rewriting source code terms, as in semantic
models for functional programs. Formally, this is achieved by the block
construct, introducing local variable declarations, which play the role of
memory when their initializing expressions have been evaluated. In this way, we
obtain a language semantics which directly represents at the syntactic level
constraints on aliasing, allowing simpler reasoning about related properties.
To illustrate this advantage, we consider the issue, widely studied in the
literature, of characterizing an isolated portion of memory, which cannot be
reached through external references. In the syntactic model, closed block
values, called "capsules", provide a simple representation of isolated portions
of memory, and capsules can be safely moved to another location in the memory,
without introducing sharing, by means of "affine' variables. We prove that the
syntactic model can be encoded in the conventional one, hence efficiently
implemented.Comment: In Proceedings DCM 2018 and ITRS 2018 , arXiv:1904.0956
Generalized Mukai conjecture for special Fano varieties
Let X be a Fano variety of dimension n, pseudoindex i_X and Picard number
\rho_X. A generalization of a conjecture of Mukai says that \rho_X(i_X-1)\le n.
We prove that the conjecture holds if: a) X has pseudoindex i_X \ge
\frac{n+3}{3} and either has a fiber type extremal contraction or does not have
small extremal contractions b) X has dimension five.Comment: 19 page
Ideal Family Size and Fertility in Egypt: An Overview of Recent Trends
Egypt is already the most populous Arab country in the world with 93 million citizens in 2016 which may grow to about 120 million by 2030 if the same level of fertility continues. This paper aims to offer an overview of the evolution over time of the ideal number of children in Egypt, assessing previous researches and giving a particular emphasis on most recent data on such topic. In a context of raising fertility, whose causes are still unknown, we test the persistence of a high ideal number of children among younger cohorts
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