FDIs IN SPAIN AFTER ITS EU ACCESSION. SPANISH INVESTMENTS IN ROMANIA AND HOW CAN BE USED SPANISH EXPERIENCE FOR ROMANIA’S DEVELOPMENT

It is an open question to what extent the accession countries will be able to benefit from an increase in the quality of FDI that they receive due to EU membership. The point here is that the benefits that accrued from EU membership to the countries that joined earlier are substantially attenuated for later entrants to the EU because of globalization. This paper will discuss the similarities between the economic structures of those two countries, the Spanish investments in Romania and how the Spanish experience after its EU accession could be used for Romania after 2007 when it acceded to EU, too

Techniques and Methods to Improve the Communication Channels in Modern Public Administration

AbstractThe improved abilities and special methods of public communication become more and more important when you are on a mission or a need to fulfill a goal. Also, the goal is much more crucial when we speak about the citizens’ interest in the sense of their interaction with public institutions as part of the public administration system. In offering a new perspective on the communication tools used in public administration, our paper intends to be an alternative to the current public servant code of conduct. This article aims not only to analyze the techniques and the mechanism, used in the public administration process of communication, but, also, to promote new methods in order to improve the relationship between the public administration and the citizens. In this sector, the key element is that there can be no effective external communication if there is not an effective internal communication. Consequently, in this case, the first step would be to develop this area. A basic principle, of communication, is that people are not always emphatics. Our human nature is to believe in what we can hear and see, and to judge the public institutions through the levels of their approaches to transparency

An Integrated Approach to the Role of Neurosonology in the Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a primary vasculitis that affects especially extracranial medium-sized arteries, such as superficial temporal arteries (TAs). Three findings are important for the ultrasound (US) diagnosis of TA: „dark halo” sign, which represents vessel wall edema, stenosis, and acute occlusions. US has a high sensitivity to detect vessel wall thickening in the case of large vessels GCA. The eye involvement in GCA is frequent and consists in arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathies or central retinal arterial occlusion, with abrupt, painless, and severe loss of vision of the involved eye. Because findings of TAs US do not correlate with eye complications in GCA, color Doppler imaging of the orbital vessels is of critical importance (it reveals low end diastolic velocities, and high resistance index), in order to quickly differentiate the mechanism of eye involvement (arteritic, versus non-arteritic). The former should be treated promptly with systemic corticosteroids to prevent further visual loss of the fellow eye

Los efectos de la movilidad oriente-occidental en la UE sobre el desarrollo económico

The main objective of this research is to analyse the effects of the emigrants on the economies of the EU developed countries focusing on the effects on the economic growth, the employment rate, and the workforce but also on the productivity of the factors. The results obtained from this analysis indicate a positive and significant influence from a statistical point of view of the immigrants coming from the EU countries in 2004 on the economic growth, workforce, and productivity for the countries from EU 15. In case of the immigrants coming from Romania and Bulgaria we identified a positive and significant impact on the economic growth of the states from EU15 while for the other variables included in the analysis, we obtained contradictory results.El principal objetivo de esta investigación es analizar los efectos de los emigrantes en las economías de los países desarrollados de la UE centrándose en los efectos sobre el crecimiento económico, la tasa de empleo y la mano de obra, pero también sobre la productividad de los factores. Los resultados obtenidos de este análisis indican una influencia positiva y significativa desde un punto de vista estadístico de los inmigrantes procedentes de los países de la UE en 2004 sobre el crecimiento económico, la mano de obra y la productividad de los países de la UE 15. En el caso de los inmigrantes procedentes de Rumania y Bulgaria identificamos un impacto positivo y significativo en el crecimiento económico de los estados de la UE15 mientras que para las otras variables incluidas en el análisis obtuvimos resultados contradictorios

Cerebral Veins and Dural Sinuses Thrombosis: State-of-the-Art Diagnosis

Cerebral veins and dural sinus thrombosis (CVT) represents a rare cause of stroke. In adults, CVT has a higher frequency among cases with inherited thrombophilia, mostly women, patients with malignancy, or infections. Two pathophysiological mechanisms contribute to their clinical presentation: diminution of cerebrospinal fluid absorption and increase of venular and capillary pressure. Four major syndromes have been described as isolated or in combination: intracranial hypertension, focal neurological deficits, seizures, and encephalopathy. Non-enhanced CT (NECT) of the head is the most frequently performed imaging study in the emergency department. Features of CVT on NECT can be divided into direct signs (detection of venous clot within a venous channel) and, more frequently, indirect signs (such as cerebral edema or cerebral venous infarct). CVT diagnosis is confirmed with CT venography, which can be performed immediately after NECT, and detects the venous clot as a filling defect, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/MR venography. Different imaging techniques may need to be combined to avoid pitfalls. Conclusions: CVT is a relatively rare disorder in the general population and due to its wide clinical spectrum is frequently misdiagnosed upon initial examination. The knowledge of variable clinical aspects and imaging signs will be essential in providing a timely diagnosis

The effects of Eastern-Western mobility in EU on the economic development

The main objective of this research is to analyse the effects of the emigrants on the economies of the EU developed countries focusing on the effects on the economic growth, the employment rate, and the workforce but also on the productivity of the factors. The results obtained from this analysis indicate a positive and significant influence from a statistical point of view of the immigrants coming from the EU countries in 2004 on the economic growth, workforce, and productivity for the countries from EU 15. In case of the immigrants coming from Romania and Bulgaria we identified a positive and significant impact on the economic growth of the states from EU15 while for the other variables included in the analysis, we obtained contradictory results

Enhancement of bone consolidation using high-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (HF-PEMFs): An experimental study on rats

In vitro studies showed that high-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (HF-PEMFs) increase the activity/expression of early and late osteogenic markers and enhance bone mineralization. The main aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo effects of HF-PEMFs on fracture healing using a rat model. A femur fracture was established by surgery in 20 male Wistar rats. Titanium nails were implanted to reduce and stabilize the fracture. After surgery, 20 rats were equally divided into untreated control and treated group (from the first postoperative day HF-PEMFs at 400 pulses/sec [pps] were applied for 10 minutes/day, for two weeks). Quantitative and qualitative assessment of bone formation was made at two and eight weeks following surgery and included morphological and histological analysis, serological analysis by ELISA, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and three-point bending test. At two weeks in HF-PEMF group, soft callus was at a more advanced fibrocartilaginous stage and the bone volume/total tissue volume (BV/TV) ratio in the callus area was significantly higher compared to control group (p = 0.047). Serum concentration of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) was significantly higher in HF-PEMF group (ALP p = 0.026, OC p = 0.006) as well as the mechanical strength of femurs (p = 0.03). At eight weeks, femurs from HF-PEMF group had a completely formed woven bone with dense trabeculae, active bone marrow, and had a significantly higher BV/TV ratio compared to control (p = 0.01). HF-PEMFs applied from the first postoperative day, 10 minutes/day for two weeks, enhance bone consolidation in rats, especially in the early phase of fracture healing

A View of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections in the North-West Region of Romania

Background and Objectives: In Romania, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic is almost the same as it is in Central Europe, with some differences; particularity the following one: people with nosocomial HIV infection, also known as Romanian cohort. Aim: The study aimed to present a local view of HIV infection in the North-West part of Romania, and to identify the particularities of patients under medical care in the Cluj AIDS Center. Materials and Methods: The demographic characteristics (age and gender), and medical and epidemiological data (stage of HIV infection and mode of transmission) of patients in a medical care in the Cluj Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Center were evaluated. Data from the first patients admitted between 1989 and 2018, and the statuses of the infected persons as per 31 December 2018 were analyzed. Results: Nine hundred and fourteen patients were included in the study. The patients’ ages varied from 0 (newborns from HIV-infected mothers) to 72 years old, and most patients were men (596 men vs. 318 women). The main mode of transmission was sexual (>50%), with an increased number of men who have sex with men (MSM) in the last years (from two cases in 2006 to thirty-four cases in 2018), and a very small percentage of intravenous drug users (IDU; <1%). The patients from the Romanian cohort were more frequently women as compared with men (p-value <0.0001), women were more frequently later presenters than men (p-value <0.0001), and the women more frequently had candidosis (p-value = 0.0372), cerebral toxoplasmosis (p-value = 0.0404), and co-infection with hepatitis B virus (p-value = 0.0018). One hundred and sixty patients died by the end of 2018 (17.5%). Sixty-eight children had been born from HIV-infected mothers, and 17 were HIV infected (25%). Conclusion: The main mode of HIV transmission in our sample was sexual, with an increased number of MSM over the last years and a low number of cases of intravenous drug users. A quarter of children borne from HIV-infected mothers were HIV infected

The Relationship between Development of Tourism, Quality of Life and Sustainable Performance in EU Countries

Relationships between tourism development, quality of life and sustainable performance are very important topics and benchmarks in long-term policies and strategies at global, regional and local levels. Starting from the concerns expressed by researchers and international organizations, as well as the characteristics of the European region, our research aims to identify these relationships in the context of increasing pressure from stakeholders on the adoption of decisive measures in order to limit the negative effects manifested globally in the context of climate change. Using cluster analysis, we managed to identify relevant groups of countries, based on the selected variables. The results of the study highlight the existence of a positive relationship between the development of tourism and the increase of the quality of life, as between the level of sustainable performance and tourism intensity, opening the possibility of future research on the causal relationships between the selected variables and the promotion of coherent public policies that support the sustainable development

Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG): Implementation of the 2030 Agenda in Romania

Romania needs a change of the current development paradigm to face the challenges of the 21st century. As a member of the European Union, leaders in Romania are is interested in implementing the principles of sustainable development at a national level to reduce development gaps, to increase citizens’ well-being, and to preserve a clean environment. The purpose of this research is to determine the implementation status of the 2030 Agenda sustainable development goals (SDG) in Romania and to explore to what extent Romania will be able to reach, for the 2030 horizon, EU average values for the selected indicators. The research is based on 107 indicators that monitored the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Eurostat database (sustainable development indicators) was the source of data in terms of their availability and integrity. The research results showed that the implementation status of SDG is sub-optimal. In the case of 40 indicators out of the 107 analyzed, forecasts indicate the possibility of reaching the EU average values by 2030. However, the country can remain on the path to sustainable development only by involving all stakeholders and increasing concrete and well-targeted measures to improve SDG indicators