Gamma-ray irradiation modulates PGRMC1 expression and the number of CD56⁺ and FoxP3⁺ cells in the tumor microenvironment of endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma

Purpose Although the conventional gamma ray brachytherapy has been successful in treating endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (EC), the molecular and cellular mechanisms of this anti-tumorigenic response remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether gamma ray irradiation induces changes in the number of FoxP3+ T-regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs), CD56+ natural killer cells (NK), and the expression of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Materials and Methods According to the inclusion criteria, 127 cases were selected and grouped into irradiation-treated (Rad+) and control (underwent surgery) groups and analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Predictive prognostic values were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test, ROC analysis, relative risk, log-rank, Spearman rank tests and multivariate Cox’s regression. Results We observed significant differences (p < 0.001) between the radiation-treated patients and the control groups in FoxP3+ Tregs numbers, CD56+ NK cells and PGRMC1 expression. Gamma ray induced a 3.71- and 3.39-fold increase in the infiltration of FoxP3+ cells, CD56+ NK cells, respectively and 0.0034-fold change in PGRMC1 expression. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed predictive role of the parameters. In the irradiated patients’ group, inverted correlations between clinical unfavorable outcome, FoxP3+ Tregs and CD56+ NK cells were observed. Conclusion Our results suggest an immune-modulating role, specifically by increasing immune cell infiltration, of gamma radiation in the TME which may potentially be utilized as biomarkers in prognostic values

Prognostic value of immunohistochemical markers for locally advanced rectal cancer

The aim of this study is to reveal the potential roles of apoptosis markers (Bcl2 and p53), proliferation markers (Ki-67 and CyclD1), and the neuroendocrine marker Chromogranin A as markers for the radioresistance of rectal cancer. Statistically significant differences were found in the expression of p53, Ki-67, and Chromogranin A in groups of patients with and without a favorable prognosis after radiotherapy. The survival analysis revealed that the marker of neuroendocrine differentiation, Chromogranin A, also demonstrated a high prognostic significance, indicating a poor prognosis. Markers of proliferation and apoptosis had no prognostic value for patients who received preoperative radiotherapy. Higher Chromogranin A values were predictors of poor prognosis. The results obtained from studying the Chromogranin A expression suggest that the secretion of biologically active substances by neuroendocrine cells causes an increase in tumor aggressiveness

Пристрій для фільтрації кісткової стружки

Application of grafts for bone grafting is essential for spine surgery, traumatology and orthopedics, oncology, maxillofacial surgery. However, there is no ideal graft that would have all the necessary properties (osteogenic, osteoconductive, osteoinductive) and it would not have significant disadvantages. At spinal surgery, high-speed bone milling machines are used during decompression. In the case of bone tissue resection an equivalent amount of bone chips appears which is routinely aspirated and disposed of together with blood and destroyed tissues. At the same time at bone grafting there is a shortage of local graft material. Objective: to acquaint readers with the possibility of obtaining bone grafts with the help of the developed device as a high-speed bone surgical reamer during spinal fusion. Methods: a device for filtering bone chips is created, consisting of a flask and a filter element inside it, connected in parallel to the aspiration system. The device allows preserving a sufficient amount of bone-grafting material, which consists of bone tissue elements, fibrin clot, bone marrow cells, platelets, mesenchymal stromal cells and others. Results: a clinical example of its application at transforaminal interbody fusion at the level of the lumbar segment LIV–LV is presented. The device differs favorably from the known ease of assembly, reusability (possibility of repeated sterilization) and placement on the operating table. Conclusions: the application of a bone filter is appropriate in the case of spine decompression of a high-speed bone reamer, when the stage of surgery is bone grafting. Do not use the device in case of spine tumors, spondylitis, spondylodiscitis.Использование трансплантатов для костной пластики является ключевым этапом хирургического вмешательства в вертебрологии, травматологии и ортопедии, онкологии, челюстно-лицевой хирургии. Однако не существует идеального трансплантата, который имел бы все необходимые свойства (остеогенные, остеокондуктивные, остеоиндуктивные) и при этом у него не было бы существенных недостатков. В хирургии позвоночника во время декомпрессии используют высокоскоростные костные хирургические фрезы, при резекции костной ткани которыми образуется эквивалентное количество костной стружки, которая вместе с кровью, разрушенными тканями рутинно аспирируется и утилизируется. При этом на этапе костной пластики возникает недостаток в местном пластическом материале.Цель: ознакомить читателей с возможностью получения костных аутотрансплантатов с помощью разработанного устройства при использовании высокоскоростной костной хирургической фрезы во время операции спондилодеза позвоночника.Методы: создано устройство для фильтрации костной стружки, состоящее из колбы и фильтрующего элемента внутри нее, параллельно подсоединенное к системе аспирации. Устройство позволяет сохранить достаточное количество костно-пластического материала, который состоит из элементов костной ткани, фибринового сгустка, клеток костного мозга, тромбоцитов, мезенхимальных стромальных клеток и др.Результаты: приведен клинический пример использования устройства при выполнении трансфораминального межтелового спондилодеза на уровне поясничного двигательного сегмента LIV–LV. Устройство выгодно отличается от известных простотой сборки, возможностью многократного использования (стерилизации) и размещением на операционном столе.Выводы: применение костного фильтра целесообразно в случае использования во время декомпрессии высокоскоростной костной фрезы, когда этапом хирургического вмешательства является костная пластика. Нельзя использовать устройство при опухолевых поражениях позвоночника, спондилите, спондилодисците.Використання трансплантатів для кісткової пластики є ключовим етапом хірургічного втручання у вертебрології, травматології та ортопедії, онкології, щелепно-лицевій хірургії. Проте не існує ідеального трансплантата, який мав би усі необхідні властивості (остеогенні, остеокондуктивні, остеоіндуктивні) і при цьому в нього не було б істотних недоліків. У хірургії хребта під час декомпресії використовують високошвидкісні кісткові хірургічні фрези, у разі резекції кісткової тканини якими утворюється еквівалентна кількість кісткової стружки, яка разом з кров’ю, зруйнованими тканинами рутинно аспірується й утилізується. При цьому на етапі кісткової пластики виникає нестача в місцевому пластичному матеріалі.Мета: ознайомити читачів з можливістю отримання кісткових автотрансплантатів за допомогою розробленого пристрою за умов використання високошвидкісної кісткової хірургічної фрези під час операції спондилодезу хребта.Методи: створено пристрій для фільтрації кісткової стружки, що складається з колби і фільтруючого елемента всередині неї, паралельно приєднаний до системи аспірації. Пристрій дозволяє зберегти достатню кількість кістково-пластичного матеріалу, який складається з елементів кісткової тканини, фібринового згустку, клітин кісткового мозку, тромбоцитів, мезенхімальних стромальних клітин тощо.Результати: наведено клінічний приклад використання пристрою під час виконання трансфорамінального міжтілового спондилодезу на рівні поперекового рухового сегмента LIV–LV. Пристрій вигідно відрізняється від відомих простотою збірки, можливістю багаторазового використання (стерилізації) та розміщенням на операційному столі.Висновки: застосування кісткового фільтра доцільно в разі використання під час декомпресії високошвидкісної кісткової фрези, коли етапом хірургічного втручання є кісткова пластика. Не можна використовувати пристрій у разі пухлинних уражень хребта, спондиліті, спондилодисциті

The Potential Roles of MELF-Pattern, Microvessel Density, and VEGF Expression in Survival of Patients with Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma: A Morphometrical and Immunohistochemical Analysis of 100 Cases

Background In this study, we hypothesized that microcystic, elongated, fragmented (MELF)-pattern, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression by cancer cells and microvessel density of cancer stroma may be associated with progression of endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Methods The study used data from the Belarus Cancer Registry and archival histological material of 100 patients with retrospectively known good (survival) and poor (disease progression and death) outcomes. All cases were immunohistochemically stained for CD34 and VEGF. Two independent samples were compared for the characteristics of signs, and obtained results were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test (Yates correction), and Mantel-Cox test. Multivariate Cox hazard analysis and Spearman correlation test were used. A p-value of less than .05 was considered statistically significant. Results The observed survival rate of patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma was significantly lower (p = .002) in MELF-pattern positive patients when compared with MELF-pattern negative patients. The overall survival rate of patients whose tumors had more than 114 vessels/mm2 of tissue was significantly low (p < .001). Interestingly, a similar observation was found in patients with increased vessel area, evidenced by VEGF expression in the glandular tumor component. Conclusions Our study suggests, for the first time, that these criteria may be used as risk factors of endometrioid adenocarcinoma progression during 5 years after radical surgical treatment. However, a large independent cohort of samples should be considered in the future to validate our findings

Non-thyroid cancer incidence in Belarusian residents exposed to Chernobyl fallout in childhood and adolescence: Standardized Incidence Ratio analysis, 1997-2011.

BackgroundWhile an increased risk of thyroid cancer from post-Chernobyl exposure to Iodine-131 (I-131) in children and adolescents has been well-documented, risks of other cancers or leukemia as a result of residence in radioactively contaminated areas remain uncertain.MethodsWe studied non-thyroid cancer incidence in a cohort of about 12,000 individuals from Belarus exposed under age of 18 years to Chernobyl fallout (median age at the time of Chernobyl accident of 7.9 years). During 15 years of follow-up from1997 through 2011, 54 incident cancers excluding thyroid were identified in the study cohort with 142,968 person-years at risk. We performed Standardized Incidence Ratio (SIR) analysis of all solid cancers excluding thyroid (n=42), of leukemia (n=6) and of lymphoma (n=6).ResultsWe found no significant increase in the incidence of non-thyroid solid cancer (SIR=0.83, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.61; 1.11), lymphoma (SIR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.26; 1.33) or leukemia (SIR=1.78, 95% CI: 0.71; 3.61) in the study cohort as compared with the sex-, age- and calendar-time-specific national rates. These findings may in part reflect the relatively young age of study subjects (median attained age of 33.4 years), and long latency for some radiation-related solid cancers.ConclusionsWe found no evidence of statistically significant increases in solid cancer, lymphoma and leukemia incidence 25 years after childhood exposure in the study cohort; however, it is important to continue follow-up non-thyroid cancers in individuals exposed to low-level radiation at radiosensitive ages

Non-thyroid cancer incidence in Belarusian residents exposed to Chernobyl fallout in childhood and adolescence: Standardized Incidence Ratio analysis, 1997-2011.

BackgroundWhile an increased risk of thyroid cancer from post-Chernobyl exposure to Iodine-131 (I-131) in children and adolescents has been well-documented, risks of other cancers or leukemia as a result of residence in radioactively contaminated areas remain uncertain.MethodsWe studied non-thyroid cancer incidence in a cohort of about 12,000 individuals from Belarus exposed under age of 18 years to Chernobyl fallout (median age at the time of Chernobyl accident of 7.9 years). During 15 years of follow-up from1997 through 2011, 54 incident cancers excluding thyroid were identified in the study cohort with 142,968 person-years at risk. We performed Standardized Incidence Ratio (SIR) analysis of all solid cancers excluding thyroid (n=42), of leukemia (n=6) and of lymphoma (n=6).ResultsWe found no significant increase in the incidence of non-thyroid solid cancer (SIR=0.83, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.61; 1.11), lymphoma (SIR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.26; 1.33) or leukemia (SIR=1.78, 95% CI: 0.71; 3.61) in the study cohort as compared with the sex-, age- and calendar-time-specific national rates. These findings may in part reflect the relatively young age of study subjects (median attained age of 33.4 years), and long latency for some radiation-related solid cancers.ConclusionsWe found no evidence of statistically significant increases in solid cancer, lymphoma and leukemia incidence 25 years after childhood exposure in the study cohort; however, it is important to continue follow-up non-thyroid cancers in individuals exposed to low-level radiation at radiosensitive ages

Potential role of tumor-infiltrating T-, B-lymphocytes, tumor-associated macrophages and IgA-secreting plasma cells in long-term survival in the rectal adenocarcinoma patients

No description supplie

Measures of thyroid function among Belarusian children and adolescents exposed to iodine-131 from the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear plant.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid dysfunction after exposure to low or moderate doses of radioactive iodine-131 (131I) at a young age is a public health concern. However, quantitative data are sparse concerning 131I-related risk of these common diseases. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in association with 131I exposure during childhood (≤ 18 years) due to fallout from the Chernobyl accident. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and autoantibodies to thyroperoxidase (ATPO) in relation to measurement-based 131I dose estimates in a Belarusian cohort of 10,827 individuals screened for various thyroid diseases. RESULTS: Mean age at exposure (± SD) was 8.2 ± 5.0 years. Mean (median) estimated 131I thyroid dose was 0.54 (0.23) Gy (range, 0.001-26.6 Gy). We found significant positive associations of 131I dose with hypothyroidism (mainly subclinical and antibody-negative) and serum TSH concentration. The excess odds ratio per 1 Gy for hypothyroidism was 0.34 (95% CI: 0.15, 0.62) and varied significantly by age at exposure and at examination, presence of goiter, and urban/rural residency. We found no evidence of positive associations with antibody-positive hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, AIT, or elevated ATPO. CONCLUSIONS: The association between 131I dose and hypothyroidism in the Belarusian cohort is consistent with that previously reported for a Ukrainian cohort and strengthens evidence of the effect of environmental 131I exposure during childhood on hypothyroidism, but not other thyroid outcomes

Risk of thyroid follicular adenoma among children and adolescents in Belarus exposed to iodine-131 after the Chornobyl accident.

Several studies reported an increased risk of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents exposed to radioactive iodines, chiefly iodine-131 ((131)I), after the 1986 Chornobyl (Ukrainian spelling) nuclear power plant accident. The risk of benign thyroid tumors following such radiation exposure is much less well known. We have previously reported a novel finding of significantly increased risk of thyroid follicular adenoma in a screening study of children and adolescents exposed to the Chornobyl fallout in Ukraine. To verify this finding, we analyzed baseline screening data from a cohort of 11,613 individuals aged ≤18 years at the time of the accident in Belarus (mean age at screening = 21 years). All participants had individual (131)I doses estimated from thyroid radioactivity measurements and were screened according to a standardized protocol. We found a significant linear dose response for 38 pathologically confirmed follicular adenoma cases. The excess odds ratio per gray of 2.22 (95% confidence interval: 0.41, 13.1) was similar in males and females but decreased significantly with increasing age at exposure (P &lt; 0.01), with the highest radiation risks estimated for those exposed at &lt;2 years of age. Follicular adenoma radiation risks were not significantly modified by most indicators of past and current iodine deficiency. The present study confirms the (131)I-associated increases in risk of follicular adenoma in the Ukrainian population and adds new evidence on the risk increasing with decreasing age at exposure