DESIGN OF THE EQUIPMENT FOR THE LONG-TERM MEASUREMENT OF THE CONCENTRATION OF PHOSPHATES AND NITRATES IN SURFACE WATERS

ABSTRACT This paper deals with a possibility of using Anion Exchange Resin in special equipment (probe) for the determination of phosphates and nitrates in surface water. Furthermore, this work presents the first results from a long-term measurement of the concentration of major pollutants in surface water, which are located in the area of our interest (CHKO Jizera Mountains). Six specials probes were prepared and placed in this area. These probes contained AER (AER -Anion Exchange Resin, Type A520E -Macroporous Strong Base Anion Exchange Resin with total capacity 0.9 eq/l), which were placed into special pockets. Each probe contained one pocket. This pocket was monthly changed. After the exchange, the concentration of nitrates and phosphates was determined. For the quantification of nitrates and phosphates trapped by the resin, the AER was dried at room temperature. Captured nitrates and phosphates were extracted from resin using 100 ml of 1.7 M NaCl. Released nitrates were determined by distillation and titration method. Released phosphates were determined by spectrophotometric method (Hach Lange No. 8048 in accordance with USEPA). Based on the findings, we can conclude that the application of AER to plastic probes is suitable for a quick and inexpensive measurement of the concentration of nitrates and phosphates in surface water. Moreover, differences in concentration of nitrates and phosphates were measured between individual probes. Concentration of these pollutants was significantly higher in watercourses that flowed through the villages than in water courses that flowed across the open country

Late cardiotoxicity after low dose of anthracycline therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood

Introduction Late cardiotoxicity is a known complication of anthracycline therapy but the long-term effects of low cumulative doses are not well documented. We studied late cardiotoxicity in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with low anthracycline doses 10 to 20 years earlier. Methods Seventy-seven ALL survivors who received a cumulative anthracycline dose <250 mg/m(2) and were at least 10 years after treatment were evaluated for signs of clinical heart failure. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography including tissue Doppler measurements of the septal mitral annulus in 37 ALL survivors 10.6-18.3 years (median 13.3 years) after anthracycline treatment with cumulative doses of 180 (n=19) or 240 mg/m(2) (n=18). The control group consisted of 30 healthy volunteers matched for age, sex, BSA, and BMI. Results No clinical relevant cardiotoxicity was found. Left ventricular shortening fraction (SF) was significantly reduced in male ALL survivors. Three of the 19 male ALL survivors had an SF below 30%. Male ALL survivors showed a significantly lower early filling velocity to atrial contraction velocity ratio but myocardial velocity during early filling was comparable between patients and controls. ALL survivors had a significantly longer isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT). Thirty percent of the ALL survivors have an abnormal IVRT compared to the normal range of the controls. Conclusion and implications for cancer survivors At a median of 13.3 years after exposure to cumulative doses of anthracyclines of 180 or 240 mg/m(2), no clinical relevant cardiotoxicity was found but subclinical cardiac abnormalities were present in 30% of the patients

Anticancer prodrugs of butyric acid and formaldehyde protect against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

Formaldehyde has been previously shown to play a dominant role in promoting synergy between doxorubicin (Dox) and formaldehyde-releasing butyric acid (BA) prodrugs in killing cancer cells. In this work, we report that these prodrugs also protect neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and adult mice against toxicity elicited by Dox. In cardiomyocytes treated with Dox, the formaldehyde releasing prodrugs butyroyloxymethyl diethylphosphate (AN-7) and butyroyloxymethyl butyrate (AN-1), but not the corresponding acetaldehyde-releasing butyroyloxydiethyl phosphate (AN-88) or butyroyloxyethyl butyrate (AN-11), reduced lactate dehydrogenase leakage, prevented loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and attenuated upregulation of the proapoptotic gene Bax. In Dox-treated mice, AN-7 but not AN-88 attenuated weight-loss and mortality, and increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase. These findings show that BA prodrugs that release formaldehyde and augment Dox anticancer activity also protect against Dox cardiotoxicity. Based on these observations, clinical applications of these prodrugs for patients treated with Dox warrant further investigation

Anti-inflammatory agents and monoHER protect against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and accumulation of CML in mice

Cardiac damage is the major limiting factor for the clinical use of doxorubicin (DOX). Preclinical studies indicate that inflammatory effects may be involved in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Nɛ-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) is suggested to be generated subsequent to oxidative stress, including inflammation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether CML increased in the heart after DOX and whether anti-inflammatory agents reduced this effect in addition to their possible protection on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. These effects were compared with those of the potential cardioprotector 7-monohydroxyethylrutoside (monoHER)

1,2,4,5‐Tetrakis(dimethylamino)benzene, a New Electron Donor with Unusual Properties

A product consisting of two vinylogous amidinium ions is formed when the title compounds gives up two electrons to iodide. The resulting salt forms diamagnetic, blackish‐violet crystals. The two mesomeric π‐electron systems are almost planar; the sixmembered ring in 1 has a twist‐conformation

New proton sponges, 13. - syntheses, structures and basicities of 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(dimethylamino)benzene and 2,3,6,7-tetrakis(dimethylamino)naphthalene

1,2,4,5-Tetrakis(dimethylamino)benzene (4) and 2,3,6,7-tetrakis (dimethylamino)naphthalene (5) were prepared and structurally determined. Electron-donor functions, protonation, and the geometry of intramolecular hydrogen bonds are discussed. By oxidation of 4 to its dication the benzenoid aromaticity is cancelled in favour of two independent units as determined by X-ray structure aromaticity is cyanine-type analysi

1,2,4,5‐Tetrakis(dimethylamino)‐benzol, ein neuer Elektron‐Donor mit ungewöhnlichen Eigenschaften

In ein Gebilde aus zwei vinylogen Amidinium‐Ionen wandelt sich die Titelverbindung bei der Abgabe von zwei Elektronen an Iod um. Das dabei entstehende Salz 1 bildet diamagnetische, schwarzviolette Kristalle. Die beiden mesomeren π–Elektronensysteme sind etwa planar; der Sechsring in 1 hat Twist‐Konformation