Influenza Virus Ribonucleoprotein Complexes Gain Preferential Access to Cellular Export Machinery through Chromatin Targeting

In contrast to most RNA viruses, influenza viruses replicate their genome in the nucleus of infected cells. As a result, newly-synthesized vRNA genomes, in the form of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (vRNPs), must be exported to the cytoplasm for productive infection. To characterize the composition of vRNP export complexes and their interplay with the nucleus of infected cells, we affinity-purified tagged vRNPs from biochemically fractionated infected nuclei. After treatment of infected cells with leptomycin B, a potent inhibitor of Crm1-mediated export, we isolated vRNP export complexes which, unexpectedly, were tethered to the host-cell chromatin with very high affinity. At late time points of infection, the cellular export receptor Crm1 also accumulated at the same regions of the chromatin as vRNPs, which led to a decrease in the export of other nuclear Crm1 substrates from the nucleus. Interestingly, chromatin targeting of vRNP export complexes brought them into association with Rcc1, the Ran guanine exchange factor responsible for generating RanGTP and driving Crm1-dependent nuclear export. Thus, influenza viruses gain preferential access to newly-generated host cell export machinery by targeting vRNP export complexes at the sites of Ran regeneration

TURKISH JOURNAL OF GERIATRICS-TURK GERIATRI DERGISI

Introduction: It is stated that negative attitudes towards the elderly affect the diagnosis and treatment processes negatively. Nevertheless, there are not enough recent studies examining the attitudes of family physicians who provide widespread healthcare to the elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the attitudes of family physicians towards the elderly. Material and Methods: Participants of this descriptive study are family physicians working actively in primary care. Data were collected through the software program, between January and June 2018. The link to the questionnaire was sent to the participants via e-mail. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: the sociodemographic data and University of California at Los Angeles Geriatrics Attitude (UCLA-GA) scale. Results: A total of 401 family physicians, 216 of whom (53.9%) were women, participated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 41.19 +/- 8.51 years. On evaluation of both the mean total score (42.36 +/- 3.42) and mean subscale score (3.02 +/- 0.24), it was observed that female participants scored significantly higher (p = 0.001). Moreover, the UCLA-GA medical care subscale score raised with increased working time at family medicine (r = 0.151, p = 0.002) or being a medical doctor (r = 0.14, p = 0.005) and with growing age (r = 0.15, p = 0.003). Conclusion: The results of our study showed that those with longer professional experience, being older age, and women are associated with positive attitude towards the elderly. However, intervention studies are required to improve family physicians' attitudes towards the elderly

TURKISH JOURNAL OF GERIATRICS-TURK GERIATRI DERGISI

Introduction: Health workers must be prepared for the changes and developments due to the ever-increasing proportion of elderly individuals within the general population. This study aimed to identify the general attitudes of students of the Faculty of Medicine of Celal Bayar University (CBU) toward senility and evaluate differences in the attitudes of students at different stages of medical education. Materials and Method: This study was conducted between October and December 2014 and included a total of 406 students attending the Faculty of Medicine of the CBU. A questionnaire form composed of three sections was used to collect data. Results: The age range of study participants was 18-27 years (average age, 21.04 years), 60.8% were females, and 91.4% had a nuclear family structure. When assessing overall UCLA scores according to the stage of medical education, the average scores of first-year students were found to be higher than other year groups. The results of the UCLA questionnaire demonstrated significantly higher overall scores concerning attitudes toward older persons in female students compared with male students. No significant differences in KOGAN questionnaire scores concerning attitudes toward older people were observed between male and female students. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that attitudes toward the elderly change negatively as students progress through medical education. In addition, female students had more positive attitudes toward elderly patients than male students. Considering the expectations from the healthcare providers of the elderly population, who are more fragile compared to normal individuals, it should be envisaged that the responsibilities of physicians have increased

TURKISH JOURNAL OF GERIATRICS-TURK GERIATRI DERGISI

Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia frequently causes infectious disease-related morbidity and mortality among patients. Elderly patients are at a higher risk of developing severe Community-acquired pneumonia due to underlying diseases and changes in health status. We evaluated the performance of existing risk scores for predicting the 28-day mortality rate in elderly patients presenting with Community-acquired pneumonia to Emergency Department. Materials and Method: We evaluated 151 elderly patients [mean age, 76.6 +/- 7.8 years (range, 65-94 years); 65.6% men] with Community-acquired pneumonia. There were 30 deaths by day 28, with an all-cause mortality rate of 19.9%. All scores, except the CAP-PIRO, achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve >0.700. Z-test was used to determine significant differences between the scores. Results: We evaluated 151 elderly patients [mean age, 76.6 +/- 7.8 years (range, 65-94 years); 65.6% men] with Community-acquired pneumonia. There were 30 deaths by day 28, with an all-cause mortality rate of 19.9%. All scores, except the CAP-PIRO, achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve >0.700. Z-test was used to determine significant differences between the scores. Conclusion: Of the existing scores, 4 had good discriminatory power to predict the 28-day mortality rate. The best discrimination was demonstrated by CURB-age, a score designed for elderly patients with Community-acquired pneumonia. Additional research is necessary to determine the best risk score for predicting early mortality rates in elderly patients with Community-acquired pneumonia

Donepezil for anticholinergic drug intoxication: A case report

WOS: 000185187900024PubMed ID: 12921925We present a case of delirium due to amitriptyline overdose, which resolved rapidly following initiation of the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil. The authors discuss the possibility of cholinesterase inhibitors being an effective choice in the management of anticholinergic drug induced delirium. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Body image and self-esteem in somatizing patients: Regular article

PubMed ID: 19531108Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine dissatisfaction with body appearance and bodily functions and to assess self-esteem in somatizing patients. Methods: Body image and self-esteem were investigated in 128 women; 34 of those had diagnosed somatoform disorders, 50 were breast cancer patients with total mastectomy surgery alone, and 44 were healthy subjects. Body image and self-esteem were assessed using the Body Cathexis Scale and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results: The two clinical groups did not differ from one another (z = -1.832, P = 0.067), but differed from healthy controls in terms of body image (somatizing patients vs healthy controls, z = -3.628, P < 0.001; total mastectomy patients vs healthy controls, z = -3.172, P = 0.002). They also did not differ significantly in terms of self-esteem (z = -0.936, P = 0.349) when depressive symptoms were controlled. No statistically significant difference was observed between total mastectomy patients and healthy controls in terms of self-esteem (z = -1.727, P = 0.084). The lower levels of self-esteem in somatizing patients were largely mediated by depressive symptoms. Depressed and non-depressed somatizing patients differed significantly from healthy controls with respect to their self-esteem and body image. Conclusions: Somatizing patients who were dissatisfied with their bodily functions and appearance had lower levels of self-esteem and high comorbidity of depression. In clinical practice it is suggested that clinicians should take into account psychiatric comorbidity, self-esteem, and body image in somatizing patients when planning treatment approaches. © 2009 Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology

Investigation of knowledge levels of neonatal screening programs in medical faculty staff

Newborn screening tests are an important preventive public health program that provides early detection of the treatable dise ases of infants. This study was carried out to investigate the knowledge levels of health workers and administrative staff on neonatal screening programs. Our research is a descriptive study. The sample wasn’t selected, and a questionnaire was conducted to 365 people in a period of about 2 months. The questionnaire used in the research consists of 20 questions prepared by searching the literature to measure the information of participants about neonatal screening programs. 89.04% and 10.95% of the employees participating in our study are health staff and administrative sta ff, respectively. 69% of the participants were female, and the average age was 33,13. 66% of the participants in the study had service years of 10 years o r less while 44% had service years of 11 years and longer. The largest group of the participants in the study is research assistants (28.4%) and the second largest group is nurses (22.1%). The total of General Administrative services, technical services and auxiliary servic es is 10,94%. It was seen that 98.4% of the participants were aware of the newborn screening tests. It can be concluded that both physicians and assistant health staff have high knowledge about subjects and applications related to newborn screening tests. However, it is noteworthy that some non-health staff members have inaccurate knowledge and thoughts about some applications related to newborn screening tests. © 2020, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All rights reserved

Use of long-term opioids: A case discussion of addiction and dependence

Cancer pain is often undertreated in patients with cancer due to fears of iatrogenic addiction when opioids are used for pain control. Physicians and patients and their families fear that patients will use their medicines in aberrant fashion, become 'addicted' or use up their tolerance so that medicines will not be helpful to them when the disease advances and they 'really need the pain medicine'. Doctors and patients alike mislabel physiological dependence for addiction, misunderstand the phenomenon of tolerance, and are informed about the exceedingly low risk of addiction among medical patients. Z.S. 75 years old woman diagnosed inoperable cervix carcinoma, had been put on oral opioids due to severe pain. Our patient lived longer than expected and used oral opioids for three years, and applied to algology department when she was not able find any more opioids. No evidence of physical disease for a long time she used oral opioids only not to 'feel bad' longer than 2 years. We discussed important principles of opioid use in cancer pain and the difference between addiction and dependence. With the right indication, carefully planned pain control program patients could be treated by opioids with decreasing the risk of addiction and dependence to minimum

An open naturalistic study of mirtazapine for depression treatment in cancer patients

WOS: 00024241390029