Evaluation of Elevator Muscle Activity using Electromyography in Patients Restored with Fixed Partial Denture in Group Function Occlusion and Canine Guided Occlusion

INTRODUCTION: There is no way to isolate one part of the Stomatognathic system and ignore the other parts. If one part gets affected the other parts prone to suffer. Establishing the optimum oral health cannot be achieved unless all the functional components are in harmony with each other. We should establish a harmonious inter-relationship of all parts, without excessive stress, since stress induces deterioration of the weaker components of the system. Group function and Canine guided occlusion have been used in the study. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine which of the two occlusal schemes causes a greater reduction in elevator muscle activity (Masseter, Temporalis) and decrease of muscle tension in lateral movements of mandible using EMG. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 10 Partially edentulous patients were selected as per predetermined criteria. Each patient was restored with two fixed partial dentures with Canine guided occlusion (Group A) and Group function occlusion (Group B) with an interval of one week. After cementation, surface EMG recordings were made in maximum voluntary clenching and lateral excursion for Group function occlusion and Canine guided occlusion. The results were then statistically analyzed. RESULTS : Significant reduction of elevator muscle activity was observed in lateral excursion in patients restored with Canine guided occlusion, but it was nearly the same for clenching in both the occlusal patterns. CONCLUSION : It was concluded from the above results that, when an entire occlusion is to be restored, reestablishment with canine guided occlusion is preferred when remaining canines are present with good periodontal support. The EMG values obtained in this study can be taken as base line data for future studies

A prospective study on incidences of deep venous thrombosis in cholecystectomy patients between July 2011 to June 2012

INTRODUCTION: Deep venous thrombosis is a condition where there is development of thrombus in the vein of deep venous system, mostly affecting lower limbs. Deep venous thrombosis is not a rare entity as we think. It is a much more common but often underestimated and under recognised. These are because of the lack of standardisation in all health facilities. That too in general surgery, where it often goes unnoticed because of less suspicion. So to get an idea about DVT in patients undergoing open cholecystectomy, which is one of the common operations done in our hospital, I have done this study. BACKGROUND: DVT causes lot of morbidity and mortality. It affects both patient and health faculty, in terms of time, money, materials and often lives in case of pulmonary embolism. To conclude the patient risk for developing DVT, who are undergoing open cholecystectomy in our institution, I have assessed the patients in a prospective manner. OBJECTIVE: 1. To study the incidence of DVT in patients undergoing open cholecystectomy, who are otherwise free of obvious risk for DVT, for a period of one year from June 2011 to July 2012 in our general surgery department. 2. To form a protocol for whom the pharmacological methods of thrombo prophylaxis are to be started. Why cholecystectomy in particular? 1. Common major surgery in our hospital. 2. Common risk factors to both like Fatty, fourty etc so Prone for DVT. 3. Reverse Trendelenberg position for Cholecystectomy (as 40% of DVT starts on table itself). 4. The immobilisation following surgery due to upper abdomen incision. 5. To prevent pulmonary embolism from its root level, as pulmonary embolism has high mortality. 6. If the guidelines, suggested by this study are accepted it may be used for future protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the patients planned for cholecystectomy were subjected to following Investigations. Radiological investigation: • Doppler – for all patients, • X ray chest / CT chest – if suspicion of PE. Bio chemical investigations: • Lipid profile, • Complete hemogram, • PT/INR, • Liver function test, • Renal function test, • ESR. History wise: • h/o DVT/PE • Family history of connective tissue disorder, • Cancer surgery, • Immobilisation, • OCP intake, • Post partum, • h/o sepsis, • varicose veins. Clinically patient is examined in a symptom oriented manner. Study cohort: Totally 68 open cholecystectomy done in out department. 30 – Eligible after initial screening, 13 – Diabetic patients, 8 – Diabetic with hypertension, 2 – Septicaemia, 8 – Obesity (>30 BMI), 2 – Altered liver function with low protein, 1 – Varicose veins, 3 – h/o unknown leg swelling, h/o local treatment and drug intake in last 3 months 1 – h/o DVT. Inclusion criteria: The patients who are all undergoing open cholecystectomy, with following indications without any risk factor for DVT: 1. Calculus cholecystitis without septicaemia, 2. Cholelithiasis, 3. Acute cholecystitis with or without calculus without septicaemia, 4. CBD stone, 5. Mucocele Gallbladder. Exclusion criteria: 1. Patients with DVT obvious risk factors, 2. Patients with Co morbid conditions known to cause DVT. CONCLUSION: The patients who had indications for cholecystectomy, and had undergone surgery, who otherwise had no risk factors for DVT, developed DVT with the incidence of 1/30 in our hospital. In my study, I have excluded all the DVT risk patients. But the sample size and its representation about various population groups are not adequate. So with this experience further studies are to be done. So it is better to start some form of mechanical method of prophylaxis to all patients undergoing cholecystectomy, as the immobilisation is expected from pain due to upper abdomen incision, obesity, females and other risk factors, then according to post operative clinical findings and investigations if any is positive for DVT, further management is to be done. Because cholecystectomy is done for patients are also found to have risk factors for DVT as it is shared by both. In the presence of some risk factors for DVT, the patient should be started on pharmacological method of prophylaxis. But ultimately, all the patients undergoing cholecystectomy should be given the basic measures like adequate hydration, adequate analgesia, and identification of risk factors, early ambulation, both active and passive flexion exercises and proper information to patients on the clinical presentation of DVT

A Research on Wireless Power Transmission using Distinguished Methodologies

Flat screen TV’s and picture frames that suspend on the wall-without needing a cable and plug up for power. Industrial structures and medical machines can be made more trustworthy by eradicating difficulty prone wiring and disposable batteries. The method takes the advantage of straightforward physics and could be used to indict a variety of electronic tools over numerous meters. The arrangement could substitute the miles of costly power cables and billions of throw-away batteries. There is rather like 40 billion throw-away batteries built each year for power that is employed within a petite inches or feet of where there is extremely low-cost power. If this knowledge is acknowledged in prospect it will make daily products additional expedient, consistent, and environmentally welcoming. This document includes the methods of transmitting power with no usage of wires with improved efficiency, due to which it does not influence the atmospheric surrounding

Practices towards prevention of food borne diseases among females in rural area of Trichy, India

Background: Food borne diseases are of great importance since it leads to multiple health problems resulting in illness, malnutrition, mortality and economic loss. These diseases share a significant proportion in the occurrence of communicable diseases. Objectives was to study the knowledge about food borne diseases and food safety among women residing in rural area.Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving 150 adult females who were residing in rural field practice areas of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Practices of safe food handling were assessed using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained, and confidentiality was maintained. Appropriate descriptive statistical analysis was done.Results: Out of 150 females, 147 (98%) were aware of the importance of washing hands before cooking. Sixty four (42.7%) females had a habit of washing the vegetables with water twice before cooking. 102(68%) females consumed stored food after reheating, 48(32%)females consumed without heating. Though 70% were aware of food adulteration, none of the participants have lodged compliant against adulteration.Conclusions: Through our study we found that most of the females practiced proper hand washing before cooking and proper storage of the leftover food. The proportion of females who followed adequate cleaning of non-vegetarian food items and vegetables were found to be inadequate.

Benign by Design Synthesis of Novel 1H-Tetrazoles: Spectral Characterization and Antibacterial Activities

Abstract: New tetrazole analogues with bio-active cores have been synthesized by a novel synthetic methodology. The synthesized compounds were characterized using FT-IR, MS, elemental analysis, 1 H, 13 C and HSQC NMR spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Vibreo cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia. The synthesized compounds are showing very good activities against all the tested bacterial strains

A State-of-the-Art review on the drive of renewables in Gujarat, State of India: Present situation, barriers and future initiatives

Given the recent increasing public focus on climate change issues, the share of electricity generation by renewable energy resources is increasing day by day. Increased renewables share will give us robust, sustainable, and climate-friendly energy systems for the future. Renewable energy penetration with the current power systems needs substantial research, planning and development which are now the primary focus throughout the world. In this study, a global renewable energy scenario is explained in detail in contrast with India, considering a case study elucidating the comprehensive review of the Gujarat state in India. The primary focus is on Gujarat state’s actions plans to pertain to harvest renewable energy and maximizing its share in the energy mix. This study examines the actions and the policies adopted by the Gujarat government to overcome the potential barriers in order to support non-conventional as well as renewable energy development. It also investigates the numerous techno-economic and social constraints with possible solutions in promoting the deployment of upcoming renewable energy resources across Gujarat. This study can be used as a guideline for the government, policymakers, utilities, stakeholders and researchers to promote an increased renewable energy share in Gujarat as well as at other places around the globe

Real-time Processor-in-Loop investigation of a modified non-linear state observer using sliding modes for speed sensorless induction motor drive in electric vehicles

Tracking performance and stability play a major role in observer design for speed estimation purpose in motor drives used in vehicles. It is all the more prevalent at lower speed ranges. There was a need to have a tradeoff between these parameters ensuring the speed bandwidth remains as wide as possible. This work demonstrates an improved static and dynamic performance of a sliding mode state observer used for speed sensorless 3 phase induction motor drive employed in electric vehicles (EVs). The estimated torque is treated as a model disturbance and integrated into the state observer while the error is constrained in the sliding hyperplane. Two state observers with different disturbance handling mechanisms have been designed. Depending on, how they reject disturbances, based on their structure, their performance is studied and analyzed with respect to speed bandwidth, tracking and disturbance handling capability. The proposed observer with superior disturbance handling capabilities is able to provide a wider speed range, which is a main issue in EV. Here, a new dimension of model based design strategy is employed namely the Processor-in-Loop. The concept is validated in a real-time model based design test bench powered by RT-lab. The plant and the controller are built in a Simulink environment and made compatible with real-time blocksets and the system is executed in real-time targets OP4500/OP5600 (Opal-RT). Additionally, the Processor-in-Loop hardware verification is performed by using two adapters, which are used to loop-back analog and digital input and outputs. It is done to include a real-world signal routing between the plant and the controller thereby, ensuring a real-time interaction between the plant and the controller. Results validated portray better disturbance handling, steady state and a dynamic tracking profile, higher speed bandwidth and lesser torque pulsations compared to the conventional observer

Prospects of hybrid renewable energy-based power system: A case study, post analysis of Chipendeke Micro-Hydro, Zimbabwe

Fossil fuel-based energy sources are the major contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and thus the use of renewable energy (RE) is becoming the best alternative to cater for the increasing energy demand in both developing and developed nations. Chipendeke is a rural community in Zimbabwe, in which electricity demand is partially served by the only micro-hydro plant and hence, load shedding is a regular practice to keep essential services running. This study explored a suitable opportunity to identify a feasible system with different energy sources that can fulfill the current and projected future load demand of the community. A techno-economic feasibility study for a hybrid RE based power system (REPS) is examined considering various energy sources and cost functions. Six different system configurations have been designed with different sizing combinations to identify the most optimum solution for the locality considering techno-economic and environmental viability. The performance metrics considered to evaluate the best suitable model are; Net Present Cost (NPC), Cost of Energy (COE), Renewable Fraction (RF), excess energy and seasonal load variations. In-depth, sensitivity analyses have been performed to investigate the variations of the studied models with a little variation of input variables. Of the studied configurations, an off-grid hybrid Hydro/PV/DG/Battery system was found to be the most economically feasible compared to other configurations. This system had the lowest NPC and COE of $307,657 and$ 0.165/kWh respectively and the highest RF of 87.5%. The proposed hybrid system could apply to any other remote areas in the region and anywhere worldwide

Design and Characteristic Investigation of Novel Dual Stator Pseudo-Pole Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Wind Power Application

The main focus of this paper is to design and assess the characteristics investigation of Novel Dual Stator Pseudo-Pole Five Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (NDSPPFP-PMSG) for wind power application. The proposed generator has a dual stator and two sets of five phase windings which enhance its power density and fault tolerant capability. The novelty of this generator is based on the fact that, eight magnetic poles are formed using only four poles of actual magnets on both the surfaces of the rotor. For the designing and optimal electromagnetic performance of the proposed generator, a Dynamic Magnetic Circuit Model (DMCM) is reported. To validate the results obtained from DMCM, Finite Element Method (FEM) has been opted owing to its high accuracy. For showing the performance superiority, the proposed generator is compared with two conventional generators namely, Dual Stator Embedded-Pole Five Phase (DSEPFP) and Single Stator Single Rotor Five Phase (SSSRFP) PMSG. To compare their performances, FEM results are considered. The electromagnetic performance namely, generated Electromotive Force(EMF), percentage(%) Total Harmonic Distortion(THD) of generated EMF, generated EMF vs speed, terminal voltage vs load current, electromagnetic torque developed on rotor vs time, %ripple content in the torque, and %efficiency vs load current are investigated for all the three generators. From these investigations, it is found that the power density (power to weight ratio) of the proposed generator is maximum.publishedVersio

A Survey on Decentralized Access Control Strategies for Data Stored in Clouds

ABSTRACT: This paper details about various methods prevailing in literature of anonymous authentication mechanisms for data stored in clouds. It is a Decentralized access of system in which every system have the access control of data . The Cloud which is a Secured storage area where the anonymous authentication is used, so that only the permitted users can be accessed. Decrypting of data can be viewed only by a valid users and can also stored information only by Valid users. This Scheme prevents Replay attack which mean Eaves Dropping can be avoided, Support Creation of data inside storage, Modifying the data by unknown users , and Reading data stored in Cloud. User can revocate the data only by addressing through the cloud. The authentication and accessing the Cloud is Robust, Hence Overall Communication Storage are been developed by comparing to the Centralized approaches. This paper would promote a lot of research in the area of Anonymous Authentication