Comparison of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis and conventional culture in the environmental survey of hospital

学位記番号：医博甲160

Splenogonadal fusion in a female: A case report of a rare congenital anomaly

We present a case of an 18-year-old female referred for an MRI pelvis to evaluate suspected uterine anomaly by ultrasound. The MRI showed a complete septate uterus and in addition, an elongated tubular structure (isointense to the spleen) extending from the left ovary in the left retroperitoneal region/left paracolic gutter to the under-splenic surface. CT abdomen and pelvis revealed this to be a similarly enhancing structure as the spleen and appears as a tubular retroperitoneal structure connecting the left ovary to the spleen with associated vasculature joining the splenic vein cranially and the ovarian vessels caudally consistent with splenogonadal fusion

The ISG and IFN responses in chickens vaccinated with LAIV or IIV at 1 day of age.

<p>(A) Trachea tissue at 1 dpv. (B) Trachea tissue at 3 dpv. (C) Spleen tissue at 1 dpv. (D) Spleen tissue at 3 dpv. The bars represent Log₂ fold change in transcription level of ISGs and IFN genes. Error bars represent mean±SD (n = 5 birds per group). Asterisks without horizontal bar indicate significant differences compared with unvaccinated group. Horizontal bar with asterisks indicates significant difference between LAIV and IIV (<i>*p<0</i>.<i>05</i>, <i>**p<0</i>.<i>01</i>). dpv = days post-vaccination.</p

Reduction in heterologous challenge virus replication in vaccinated birds.

<p>At 5 weeks of age (5 wpv for 1d IIV and 1d LAIV; 2 wpv for 3w LAIV and 3w IIV), chickens were challenged with heterologous virus and tracheal swabs were taken at 2 and 4 days post challenge to determine the level of challenge virus replication. Each swab was eluted in 2 ml of PBS. Virus titers are expressed as median egg infectious doses per ml of tracheal swab eluate. (A) 2 days post-challenge. (B) 4 days post-challenge. Groups are arranged as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0195285#pone.0195285.g005" target="_blank">Fig 5</a>. Different letters inside the plot indicate significant differences between groups (p<0.05).</p

Serum HI antibody response in chickens vaccinated at 1 day of age.

<p>(A) Homologous (TK/OR/71, H7N3) HI titers. (B) Heterologous (CK/NJ/02(H7N2)) HI titers. Sera were collected from birds vaccinated at 1 day of age at 14 days post-vaccination. Individual and median HI titers are indicated with symbols and horizontal lines, respectively. Different letters inside the plot indicate statistical significance among groups (p<0.05).</p

Effect of age and prime-boost vaccination on avidity index of serum HI antibodies.

<p>Serum samples collected at 2 or 5 weeks post vaccination at 1 day of age or 2 weeks post boost-vaccination (5 weeks of age) were tested for their avidity as previously described [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0195285#pone.0195285.ref043" target="_blank">43</a>]. (A) Age effect. (B) Prime-boost effect. Groups are arranged as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0195285#pone.0195285.g005" target="_blank">Fig 5</a>. Different letters inside the plot indicate significant differences between groups (p<0.05).</p

The effect of antisera production method on the percent antigenic relatedness value between TK/OR/71 (H7N3) and CK/NJ/02 (H7N2) antigens.

<p>The effect of antisera production method on the percent antigenic relatedness value between TK/OR/71 (H7N3) and CK/NJ/02 (H7N2) antigens.</p

Design of study 1.

<p>Design of study 1.</p

Serum antibody response to homologous (TK/OR/71 (H7N3)) and heterologous (CK/NJ/02 (H7N2)) strains at 4 and 5 weeks of age.

<p>(A) Homologous HI titers at 4 weeks of age. (B) Homologous HI titers at 5 weeks of age. (C) Heterologous HI titers at 4 weeks of age. (D) Heterologous HI titers at 5 weeks of age. Four weeks of age corresponded with 4 wpv for 1d IIV and 1d LAIV; 1 wpv for 3w LAIV and 3w IIV. Five weeks of age corresponded with 5 wpv for 1d IIV and 1d LAIV; 2 wpv for 3w LAIV and 3w IIV. The arrangement of groups highlights the synergy of LAIV priming and IIV boosting—LAIV-IIV is placed in the middle while other LAIV and IIV vaccinations are placed on the left and right, respectively. The individual and median HI titers are illustrated as symbols and horizontal lines, respectively. Different letters inside the plot indicate statistical significance among groups (p<0.05).</p

Entrapment of H1N1 Influenza Virus Derived Conserved Peptides in PLGA Nanoparticles Enhances T Cell Response and Vaccine Efficacy in Pigs.

Pigs are believed to be one of the important sources of emerging human and swine influenza viruses (SwIV). Influenza virus conserved peptides have the potential to elicit cross-protective immune response, but without the help of potent adjuvant and delivery system they are poorly immunogenic. Biodegradable polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticle (PLGA-NP) based vaccine delivery system enhances cross-presentation of antigens by the professional antigen presenting cells. In this study, Norovirus P particle containing SwIV M2e (extracellular domain of the matrix protein 2) chimera and highly conserved two each of H1N1 peptides of pandemic 2009 and classical human influenza viruses were entrapped in PLGA-NPs. Influenza antibody-free pigs were vaccinated with PLGA-NPs peptides cocktail vaccine twice with or without an adjuvant, Mycobacterium vaccae whole cell lysate, intranasally as mist. Vaccinated pigs were challenged with a virulent heterologous zoonotic SwIV H1N1, and one week later euthanized and the lung samples were analyzed for the specific immune response and viral load. Clinically, pigs vaccinated with PLGA-NP peptides vaccine had no fever and flu symptoms, and the replicating challenged SwIV was undetectable in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Immunologically, PLGA-NP peptides vaccination (without adjuvant) significantly increased the frequency of antigen-specific IFNγ secreting CD4 and CD8 T cells response in the lung lymphocytes, despite not boosting the antibody response both at pre- and post-challenge. In summary, our data indicated that nanoparticle-mediated delivery of conserved H1N1 influenza peptides induced the virus specific T cell response in the lungs and reduced the challenged heterologous virus load in the airways of pigs