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Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

Battlefield to Baseball Diamond: The Niagara Parks Commission and Queenston Heights Park

Between the War of 1812's end and the late 1920s Queenston Heights was redefined from being primarily a place of memory associated with the War of 1812 to being for the most part a place of recreation. The site of a significant War of 1812 battle, until the late nineteenth century it drew growing numbers of tourists, many of whom wanted to feel closer to its wartime past. Beginning in the late nineteenth century the site's popularity for recreation increased, and by the 1920s Queenston Heights Park was a destination where thousands of people went to enjoy recreational activities such as picnics and sports. The Niagara Parks Commission, which owned the site from 1895, facilitated this transformation. The Commission saw Queenston Heights more as a park than a historic site and worked to create a recreational space that would draw tourists and increase revenue. By the 1920s the park featured attractions such as playing fields, picnic shelters, tennis courts, a restaurant, and a souvenir stand. There was little opposition to these changes, which at times jeopardized the historic landscape. Although Queenston Heights' commemorative meanings were no longer closely associated with its battlefield landscape, these meanings were increasingly invested in the imposing Brock Monument. This allowed the Commission's development of the battlefield to continue unabated, and under the Commission the landscape of the former battlefield became increasingly distanced from its wartime past

Broadcasting and development in a multicultural society: community broadcasting policy in a post-apartheid South Africa.

A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts.Community broadcasting in South Africa has been identified as an ideal medium for the facilitation of participatory communiry development. The objectives of community ownership and participation in community broadcasting are perceived as the basis for the empowerment of people who were oppressed by apartheid. The establishment of the Independent Broadcasting Authority (lBA) in 1994 has provided the framework for the development of a community broadcasting sector. However, the interpretation of the IRA Act, and the general policy which is adopted towards community broadcasting will determine the longterm sustainabilitv of the sector in South Africa. It will also determine the extent to which community broadcasting achieves the ideals of local development and empowerment. This dissertation addresses both the objectives for the use of community broadcasting in development, and the policies which are required for the development of the community broadcasting sector.Andrew Chakane 201

Serving as a Peer Reviewer: Rewards and Challenges

The practice of peer review is essential to ensure academic quality of articles published in professional journals. Nurses with expertise in evidence-based best practices are often well-qualified to serve as peer reviewers. Peer reviewers play an integral role in the peer review process to disseminate quality information. The peer-reviewed International Journal of Faith Community Nurses is the official journal of Faith Community Nurses International. Individuals interested in faith community nursing can aide in advancing this specialty of nursing practice by serving as a peer reviewer. The purpose of this article is to explore the peer review process, and to identify rewards and challenges of serving as a peer reviewer

Is acupuncture a useful adjunct to physiotherapy for older adults with knee pain?: The "Acupuncture, Physiotherapy and Exercise" (APEX) study [ISRCTN88597683]

BACKGROUND: Acupuncture is a popular non-pharmacological modality for treating musculoskeletal pain. Physiotherapists are one of the largest groups of acupuncture providers within the NHS, and they commonly use it alongside advice and exercise. Conclusive evidence of acupuncture's clinical effectiveness and its superiority over sham interventions is lacking. The Arthritis Research Campaign (arc) has funded this randomised sham-controlled trial which addresses three important questions. Firstly, we will determine the additional benefit of true acupuncture when used by physiotherapists alongside advice and exercise for older people presenting to primary care with knee pain. Secondly, we will evaluate sham acupuncture in the same way. Thirdly, we will investigate the treatment preferences and expectations of both the participants and physiotherapists participating in the study, and explore the effect of these on clinical outcome. We will thus investigate whether acupuncture is a useful adjunct to advice and exercise for treating knee pain and gain insight into whether this effect is due to specific needling properties. METHODS/DESIGN: This randomised clinical trial will recruit 350 participants with knee pain to three intervention arms. It is based in 43 community physiotherapy departments in 21 NHS Trusts in the West Midlands and Cheshire regions in England. Patients aged 50 years and over with knee pain will be recruited. Outcome data will be collected by self-complete questionnaires before randomisation, and 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months after randomisation and by telephone interview 2 weeks after treatment commences. The questionnaires collect demographic details as well as information on knee-related pain, movement and function, pain intensity and affect, main functional problem, illness perceptions, self-efficacy, treatment preference and expectations, general health and quality of life. Participants are randomised to receive a package of advice and exercise; or this package plus real acupuncture; or this package plus sham acupuncture. Treatment details are being collected on a standard proforma. Interventions are delivered by experienced physiotherapists who have all received training in acupuncture to recognised national standards. The primary analysis will investigate the main treatment effects of real or sham acupuncture as an adjunct to advice and exercise. DISCUSSION: This paper presents detail on the rationale, design, methods, and operational aspects of the trial

The Role of Social Capital in Activating Entrepreneurial Intention and Learning: A Case Study of Rural Kyrgyzstani Women

This case study examines the role of social capital in addressing the problem of persistent unemployment among rural Kyrgyzstani women. Social capital, connections to others who may help or connect one to needed resources (Nahapiet & Ghoshal, 1998; Woolcock, 1998), opened the pathway for a group of rural women in Kyrgyzstan to become nascent owners of a community-based enterprise (CBE). An initial literature review and a mixed methods needs assessment confirmed that key challenges facing unemployed rural Kyrgyzstani women are a scarcity of jobs nearby, few reliable support services, low entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and family dynamics and domestic responsibilities within a patriarchal society that left them feeling isolated. An additional literature review, exploring a variety of interventions typically used to alleviate persistent unemployment among low-income rural communities, provided best practices or key features used to guide the case study analysis. Semi-structured interviews based on Mertova and Webster’s (2019) questions for conducting a narrative inquiry on critical events and Stephenson’s (2013) social network analysis (SNA) guided the data collection method. Critical events and SNA confirmed that social capital emerged from embedded close-knit relationships. These relationships developed further connections with the wider community, opening the door to acquiring knowledge and capacity building. Through the development of new social networks (Stephenson, 2013), NGOs offered relevant training and access to information about government affordances, such as the State Land Redistribution Reserve Fund (SLRRF). Over time, as the rural women began to learn, plan, and set goals, their mindset shifted to prioritizing collaboration. Their activities bore a striking resemblance to the plan-do-study-act improvement science cycle (Bryk et al., 2016). In alignment with andragogy (Knowles et al., 2005) and sociocultural theory of learning (Vygotsky, 1978), the nascent owners invested in developing social networks as active learners pursuing the entrepreneurial goal of co-operatively establishing a farm

A Qualitative Analysis of Aftercare Service Provision for Survivors of Sex Trafficking in North Carolina

The adverse effects of sex trafficking on victims are numerous. Therefore the provision of aftercare services (such as shelter/housing, medical care, mental health services, legal assistance, language services, job training) to survivors of sex trafficking requires a multifaceted and coordinated response. Human service providers may encounter victims of sex trafficking and should be made aware of the problem and develop means to collaborate and interact with the various programs and resources in their community that can potentially assist survivors in their recovery and reintegration into society. Postmodern feminism was used as a guiding framework for this qualitative descriptive and exploratory inquiry, which involved in-depth interviews with 18 human service providers who interact with survivors of sex trafficking across North Carolina. The purpose of this study was to describe and explore aftercare services for sex trafficking survivors in North Carolina, including 1) what happens before a survivor is identified, 2) how human service providers interact with each other and with survivors, 3) what the impact of interaction is on both survivors and human service providers, and 4) what needs to happen to improve aftercare service provision to survivors. The findings illuminate the need for education and training on sex trafficking, appropriate victim identification, and ongoing program funding. Collaborative efforts in North Carolina are described, as well as the gaps and challenges in aftercare service provision. Lastly, the impact of working with survivors is discussed, successful outcomes noted, and suggestions for enhancing and expanding aftercare service provision to sex trafficking survivors in North Carolina shared.Doctor of Philosoph