Agronomic and financial analysis of agroforestry systems with coffee and banana in Araponga, MG

Sistema Agroflorestal (SAF) entre cafeeiros e bananeiras pode ser uma alternativa para diversifcar a produção da agricultura familiar da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento e produção dos cafeeiros e a viabilidade econômica de um sistema agroflorestal com cafeeiros e bananeiras em condições de agricultura familiar. Para crescimento e produção dos cafeeiros foram selecionadas oito parcelas. Cada parcela tinha duas fileiras de cafeeiros e uma de bananeira. As fileiras de cafeeiros estavam a 1,54 metros (fileira 1) e a 4,16 metros (fileira 2) distantes da linha de cultivo das bananeiras. Em cada fileira foram marcadas seis plantas em sequência, e as variáveis estudadas foram: umidade e fertilidade do solo; teores de nutrientes nas folhas das culturas; produtividade de café beneficiado; altura, diâmetro de copa e número de nós dos ramos plagiotrópicos dos cafeeiros. A comparação entre os dados das duas fileiras de cafeeiros foram realizados pela ANOVA (p<0,05) e avaliados por análise de regressão (p<0,05) para correlacionar o número de pseudocaules sobre as variáveis estudadas. As análises foram realizadas com auxílio do programa SAS . Não houve efeito da distância das bananeiras sobre a umidade e fertilidade do solo, teores de nutrientes nas folhas, crescimento e produção dos cafeeiros e nem relação do número de pseudocaules de bananeiras sobre as variáveis estudadas nos cafeeiros. Para a análise econômica, foram realizadas visitas ao agricultor, a cada quinze dias, entre outubro de 2011 a fevereiro de 2013. Foram registradas e quantificadas as atividades realizadas com: serviços e horas de trabalho; insumos aplicados; venda da produção e maquinários utilizados. Com estes dados elaborou-se um fluxo de caixa e receitas referentes às culturas do sistema agroflorestal. Os indicadores econômicos avaliados foram Valor Presente Liquido (VPL), Benefício (ou Custo) Período Equivalente B(C)PE, calculados para uma taxa de juros de 0,7% e Remuneração da Mão de Obra Familiar- RMOF. Realizou-se a análise de sensibilidade com variação do VPL. A maior parte dos custos do SAF concentra-se na produção dos cafeeiros com a mão de obra e insumos. A viabilidade econômica foi positiva com VPL R$6.375,01 para um período de 24 meses e B(C)PE R$ 289,49 ao mês. A RMOF para os dias trabalhados foi de R$91,65, duas vezes mais o valor pago na região. As variáveis que apresentaram maior sensibilidade no VPL foram o preço de venda do café e da banana e o custo da produção cafeeira. Considerando estes dados, conclui- se que o sistema agroflorestal com cafeeiros e bananeiras é viável economicamente para a agricultura familiar.Agroforestry System (AFS) between coffee and banana can be an alternative to diversify production of family farming in the Mata of Minas Gerais State. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and plant yield and economic viability of agroforestry systems with coffee and banana in terms of family farming. For growth and plant yield eight plots were selected. Each plot had two rows of coffee and one of banana. Rows of coffee were 1,54 meters (row 1) and 4,16 meters (row 2) apart from the cultivation of banana line. In each row were marked six plants in sequence, and the variables studied were: moisture and soil fertility, nutrient content in the leaves of crops, productivity of processed coffee, height , crown diameter and number of nodes of the primary branches of the trees . The comparison between the data of two rows of coffee trees were performed by ANOVA (p< 0,05) and evaluated by regression analysis (p<0,05 ) to correlate the number of pseudo stems on these variables. Analyses were performed using the SAS program. There was no effect of distance on the banana moisture and soil fertility, nutrient contents in leaves, growth and production of coffee and or ratio of the number of pseudo stems banana on these variables in coffee. For the economic analysis, visits were made to the farmer, every fortnight from October 2011 to February 2013. Were recorded and quantified with activities: services and hours of work; applied inputs, production and sale of machinery used. With these data we prepared a cash flow and revenues related to the cultures of agroforestry system. The economic indicators were assessed Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit (or cost) Equivalent Period, calculated for an interest rate of 0,7$ 6,375.01 for a period of 24 months and Benefit (or cost) Equivalent Period R$289,49 per month. The RMOF for worked days was R$ 91.65, twice the amount paid in the region. Variables that showed greater sensitivity to NPV were the selling price of coffee and bananas and the cost of coffee production. Based on these data, it is concluded that agroforestry systems with coffee and banana is economically viable for family farmers

ECONOMIC ANALISYS OF A COFFEE-BANANA SYSTEM OF A FAMILY-BASED AGRICULTURE AT THE ATLANTIC FOREST ZONE, BRAZIL

Agroforestry systems can reduce the risks of investing in just one crop. However, there are uncertainties like other agricultural and forestry activities. Therefore, there is the need for economic studies under conditions of economic risk of agroforestry systems. This work reports an analysis of the main components of costs and revenues of an agroforestry system with coffee and banana, as well as an analysis of its economic performance through indicators: net present value, equivalent period benefit (or cost), family labor revenue and a sensitivity analysis of net present value. The main cost components in the system are the human labor and mineral and organic fertilizers applied in coffee, and the costs for the production of coffee outweigh the costs of banana production. The monthly income from the production of bananas balances the costs of coffee production, generating a positive cash flow in the studied period. Financial indicators showed positive values, demonstrating the economic viability of the system with coffee and banana. The agroforestry system is economically feasible, even with variations of ± 20% in production costs and selling prices of their products. Variables that showed greater sensitivity on the net present value were the selling price of coffee and bananas, and the cost of coffee production