Síntesis de una estructura nanoporosa de metal orgánico para el suministro controlado de azatioprina

New drug delivery systems are highly efficient in diseases diagnosis and treatment and also controlled release of drugs. The use of this technology has given rise to the invention of new porous nanoparticles which are called metal organic frameworks (MOFs). In the present research, a kind of MOFs with formula Cu3(BTC)2 (HKUST-1, BTC ¼ benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate) with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as a core have been able to create three-dimensional magnetic porous structures. This magnetic and porous structure and the pores capability in being controlled have made these frameworks to be used as one of the best carriers in drug delivery. This system could magnetically be directed to the considered point inside body if it contains a drug that has side effects and may harm other body organs. Azathioprine is used in rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in kidney transplants to prevent rejection. However, in the present work we consider the drug injection for kidney transplants to prevent rejection.Los nuevos sistemas de administración de fármacos son altamente eficientes en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades y también en la liberación controlada de fármacos. El uso de esta tecnología ha dado lugar a la invención de nuevas nanopartículas porosas que se denominan estructuras organometálicas (MOF). En la presente investigación, una especie de MOF con fórmula Cu3 (BTC) 2 (HKUST-1, BTC ¼ benceno-1,3,5-tricarboxilato) con nanopartículas magnéticas (MNP) de Fe3O4 como núcleo han podido crear tres- estructuras porosas magnéticas dimensionales. Esta estructura magnética y porosa y la capacidad de control de los poros han hecho que estas estructuras se utilicen como uno de los mejores vehículos en la administración de fármacos. Este sistema podría dirigirse magnéticamente al punto considerado dentro del cuerpo si contiene un medicamento que tiene efectos secundarios y puede dañar otros órganos del cuerpo. La azatioprina se usa en artritis reumatoide, granulomatosis con poliangeítis, enfermedad de Crohn, colitis ulcerosa, lupus eritematoso sistémico y en trasplantes de riñón para prevenir el rechazo. Sin embargo, en el presente trabajo consideramos la inyección de fármacos para trasplantes de riñón para prevenir el rechazo

Synthesis of Mesoporous Pd-Doped TiO₂ Templated by a Magnetic Recyclable Ionic Liquid for Efficient Photocatalytic Air Treatment

Mesoporous palladium-doped TiO₂ with anatase phase and high surface area was successfully synthesized by using a green sol–gel method with an ionic liquid (IL; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ferric chloride), as a template. This IL could be recovered and reused by magnetic separation after synthesis. The synthesized mesoporous sample was characterized through FESEM, XPS, XRD, and N₂ adsorption–desorption methods. The photocatalytic activity of Pd-doped titania in ionic liquid (Pd/IL-TiO₂) for the degradation of NO_<i>x</i> and CO was investigated. The results demonstrated that the ionic liquid ([BMIM]­FeCl₄), in combination with Pd dopant, retarded the creation of nanocrystals, with a small grain size (9.1 nm) and, presumably, a larger surface area. With regard to the bare IL-TiO₂ sample, the optical band gap calculated for the Pd/IL-TiO₂ obtained was 2.68 eV in comparison to 2.77 eV. Pd/IL-TiO₂ presented much better NO_<i>x</i> (88%) and CO (74%) photodegradation as compared to undoped IL-TiO₂ (59 and 56%) in the same residence time

The effect of water recovery on the ion flotation process efficiency

The present study deals with nickel ions removal from dilute aqueous solution by ion flotation with emphasizing the process efficiency. The effect of collector structure on ion flotation efficiency and water recovery was evaluated using anionic collectors of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and functionalized graphene oxide by 2,6-diaminopyridine (AFGO). The results showed that process efficiency enhanced with the increase in pH and reached to complete removal at pH of 9 and 9.7 for SDS and AFGO, respectively. The AFGO showed the multifunctional bindings for complex formations with nickel ions. A coordinate bond may be formed between nickel ions and AFGO at the pH of 9 which increased nickel ion removal. The water recovery as a critical parameter that contributes to removal efficiency was significantly affected by the collector structure. The AFGO doesn’t have a frothing property and so decreases the water recovery during the process. The AFGO had significantly lower water recovery than SDS (almost threefold)

Fabrication of Bio-Nanocomposite Based on HNT-Methionine for Controlled Release of Phenytoin

In this study, a novel promising approach for the fabrication of Halloysite nanotube (HNT) nanocomposites, based on the amino acid named Methionine (Met), was investigated. For this purpose, Met layered on the outer silane functionalized surface of HNT for controlled release of Phenytoin sodium (PHT). The resulting nanocomposite (MNT-g-Met) was characterized by FTIR, XRD, Zeta potential, TGA, TEM and FE-SEM. The FT-IR results showed APTES and Met peaks, which proved the modification of the HNTs. The zeta-potential results showed the interaction between APTES (+53.30) and Met (+38.80) on the HNTs (−30.92). The FE-SEM micrographs have displayed the grafting of Met on the modified HNTs due to the nanotube conversion to a rough and indistinguishable form. The amount of encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading efficiency (LE) of MNT-g-Met was 74.48% and 37.24%, while pure HNT was 57.5%, and 28.75%, respectively. In-vitro studies showed that HNT had a burst release (70% in 6 h) in phosphate buffer while MNT-g-Met has more controlled release profile (30.05 in 6 h) and it was found to be fitted with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Due to the loading efficiency and controlled release profile, the nanocomposite promote a good potential for drug delivery of PHT