An Investigation of a Convolution Neural Network Architecture for Detecting Distracted Pedestrians

The risk of pedestrian accidents has increased due to the distracted walking increase. The research in the autonomous vehicles industry aims to minimize this risk by enhancing the route planning to produce safer routes. Detecting distracted pedestrians plays a significant role in identifying safer routes and hence decreases pedestrian accident risk. Thus, this research aims to investigate how to use the convolutional neural networks for building an algorithm that significantly improves the accuracy of detecting distracted pedestrians based on gathered cues. Particularly, this research involves the analysis of pedestrian’ images to identify distracted pedestrians who are not paying attention when crossing the road. This work tested three different architectures of convolutional neural networks. These architectures are Basic, Deep, and AlexNet. The performance of the three architectures was evaluated based on two datasets. The first is a new training dataset called SCIT and created by this work based on recorded videos of volunteers from Sheridan College Institute of Technology. The second is a public dataset called PETA, which was made up of images with various resolutions. The ConvNet model with the Deep architecture outperformed the Basic and AlexNet architectures in detecting distracted pedestrian

Cost information for corporate social responsibility performance

The main objective of this study is to develop an accounting and reporting system for the costs of corporate social responsibility performance. Secondary objectives of the study are: (1) to review the current issues of corporate social responsibility to be measured and reported; (2) to provide some guide-lines to help a company's management in selecting the socially relevant activities; (3) to investigate the rationale for corporate social involvement; (4) to indicate the legal minimum requirements in the major areas of corporate social performance; (5) to determine the concept of accounting for corporate social performance and the appropriate method for measuring and reporting the costs of such performance; and (6) to ascertain the current state of corporate social reporting practice in the United Kingdom. To achieve these objectives, the study begins by discussing the social activities to be covered in corporate social reporting. The rationale for initiating corporate social activities is also discussed and some guide-lines are offered. Moreover, the social actions which should be taken by all British companies, as they are legally required, are examined. Thereafter, the current development of accounting for corporate social responsibility is reviewed and it is concluded that this sort of accounting is still in its infancy. The reasons for which accountants should be concerned with corporate social responsibility accounting are then presented. The concept of accounting for corporate social performance is discussed and the scope of the concept determined. Several approaches for measuring and reporting corporate social performance are examined and it is indicated that the cost approach is the proper method to be employed in this study. Then, the cost concepts of accounting for corporate social performance are discussed from both accounting and economic points of view, and a method for measuring the social costs of a company's economic activities is presented. After reviewing the literature, an attempt is made to develop a framework for accounting and reporting of corporate social performance costs. The identification and classification of such costs are presented and the accounting treatment of these costs is discussed. Separate disclosures of such costs in the traditional financial statements are suggested and illustrated in this study. Finally, a survey of the current state of corporate' social reporting practice in the United Kingdom is given. This survey involved the analysis of corporate social responsibility disclosures in the annual reports and accounts of 207 companies extracted from the top 265 of the 1000 largest U. K. industrial companies. The results of the survey and examples of corporate social responsibility disclosures are presented. The detailed analysis is provided in an Appendix

A stochastic fractional calculus with applications to variational principles

We introduce a stochastic fractional calculus. As an application, we present a stochastic fractional calculus of variations, which generalizes the fractional calculus of variations to stochastic processes. A stochastic fractional Euler-Lagrange equation is obtained, extending those available in the literature for the classical, fractional, and stochastic calculus of variations. To illustrate our main theoretical result, we discuss two examples: one derived from quantum mechanics, the second validated by an adequate numerical simulation.publishe

Geometric factors affecting load, torque and spread in hot flat rolling of steel

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Effect of Non-Hormonal Treatment Options On Reducing Vasomotor Symptoms Among Menopausal Women

Menopause is the point in a woman's life when she has not had a menstrual period for one year. The primary symptom of peri-menopause is the vasomotor symptoms (VMS). Many postmenopausal women have hot flashes and night sweats. Lifestyle changes are effective and safe options for management of hot flashes. Also marjoram can reduce the negative effects of menopause. Aim of the study: To reduce the intensity and frequency of VMS among menopausal women. Subjects and Methods: A quasi experimental design with pre and post-test was used. Setting: This study was carried out at the primary health care center in Al- Ghory village at Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt. Subjects: a total of 100 menopausal women participated in the study. Data collection tools included structured interviewing questionnaire and VMS assessment questionnaire. Results: near to three quadrants of the women were aged from 45-50 years old. Regarding to drinking tea and coffee, there were statistical significant differences (P<0.001*) between pre and post-test. Also there were big changes in the methods of dealing with VMS such as using cotton bed linens and using well-ventilated bed room (85%) in the post test. In addition, the intensity and frequency of VMS and the time of its occurrence decreased from 78.0% to 57.9%. Conclusion: non-hormonal treatment options (lifestyle changes and marjoram) are viable for the treatment of VMS in menopausal women. It can reduce the intensity and frequency of VMS. Recommendations: encouraging a healthy lifestyle, eating a healthy diet and avoiding dietary triggers such as spicy, hot foods, pickles and caffeine to reduce the intensity and frequency of the VMS. Key words: Menopause, Vasomotor Symptoms (VMS), Hot Flashes, Lifestyle, Marjoram.