USING PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING WITH THE HELP OF THE INTERNET FOR DEVELOPING SOME OF ESSAY SYNTACTIC STRUCTURES SKILLS

Each language has its own taste. Syntactic structures are important for student teachers at Faculty of Education. A student teacher develops his writing when he is able to make use of syntactic structures. Writing helps in communication, forming ideas, and makes information to be clear to student teachers. In English, syntactic structures are neglected in the communicative approach. The current study deals with syntactic structures as it has an important role in English writing to student teachers. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of Problem-Based Learning Strategy with the Help of the Internet to Develop Some of Essay Syntactic Structures Skills in English of third year English majors at Faculty of Education. Questions of the study were:What are syntactic structures skills in which student teachers' achievement levels of third year English majors are low at Faculty of Education, Beni-Suef University?To what extent does using problem−based learning strategy with the help of the Internet affect essay syntactic structures skills of third year English majors at Faculty of Education, Beni−Suef University?To what extent does using problem problem−based learning with the help of the Internet affect essay syntactic structures skills of third year English majors at Faculty of Education, Beni−Suef University in general?In the diagnostic test, participants of the study were 31 student teachers at Faculty of Education, Beni-Suef University. In the post test, student teachers were 39 after they had been 45 in the pre/test.            Procedures included administering the diagnostic test after making sure of validity and reliability. According to the results of the diagnostic, test which was the first question of the study: the researcher designed a program to help student teachers develop their skills of essay syntactic structures skills. Before administering the pre/test, the researcher determined validity as the test was submitted to juries, then reliability was achieved. Student teachers' scores were low in the diagnostic and the pre/post/ tests. Afterwards, the researcher started teaching the program after it had been designed. Students were given the instructional materials. The researcher used the problem solving based learning strategy with the help of the Internet.            Results of the study: To answer question 2 it is shown in (table 4) where means were obvious stating the differentiation between the pre/test and post/test in every skill; To answer question 3, it is shown in (table 5) where means were clear stating the differentiation between the pre/test and post/test in all skill. T test was 18.373 student teachers at Faculty of Education made use of the program. It would be better to focus on the importance of problem−based learning with the help of the internet at schools and Faculties of Education to develop the skills of essay syntactic structures skills.  Article visualizations

Determinants of stock returns: Evidence from Egypt

This paper aims at identifying the determinants of stock returns in the Egyptian stock market. It does so by means of applying four different asset pricing models to the Egyptian stock returns: the CAPM, Fama-French three-factor model, Carhart four-factor model, and Fama-French five-factor model. The main findings of this thesis are that there is a significant size effect in the Egyptian stock returns, but there is no evidence of the presence of value or momentum effects. The results for operating profitability and investment are mixed therefore they need to be investigated further. Also, this paper provides evidence of the superiority of Fama-French five-factor model relative to the other asset pricing models tested

Evaluation of a New Modification of Pancreaticogastrostomy after Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Anastomosis of the Pancreatic Duct to the Gastric Mucosa with Invagination of the Pancreatic Remnant End into the Posterior Gastric Wall for Patients with Cancer Head of Pancreas and Periampullary Carcinoma in terms of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula Formation

Background/Objectives. Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains the main problem after pancreaticoduodenectomy and determines to a large extent the final outcome. We describe a new modification of pancreaticogastrostomy which combines duct to mucosa anastomosis with suturing the pancreatic capsule to posterior gastric wall and then invaginating the pancreatic remnant into the posterior gastric wall. This study was designed to assess the results of this new modification of pancreaticogastrostomy. Methods. The newly modified pancreaticogastrostomy was applied to 37 consecutive patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary cancer (64.86%) or cancer head of the pancreas (35.14%). Eighteen patients (48.65%) had a soft pancreatic remnant, 13 patients (35.14%) had firm pancreatic remnant, and 6 patients (16.22%) had intermediate texture of pancreatic remnant. Rate of mortality, early postoperative complications, and hospital stay were also reported. Results. Operative mortality was zero and morbidity was 29.73%. Only three patients (8.11%) developed pancreatic leaks; they were treated conservatively. Eight patients (16.1%) had delayed gastric emptying, one patient (2.70%) had minor hemorrhage, one patient (2.70%) had biliary leak, and four patients (10.81%) had superficial wound infection. Conclusions. The new modified pancreatogastrostomy seems safe and reliable with low rate of POPF. However, further prospective controlled trials are essential to support these results

Dietary Behavior Related to Cancer Prevention in a Low Income Community

Background: The incidence of cancer is increasing in developing countries. Diet and cancer have a close relationship. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to measure the cancer prevention-related nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and practice and barriers related to healthy food in a low income community, and to assess their cancer worries. Subjects and Methods: This cross-section descriptive study was carried out in a slum area in Cairo on a convenience sample of 414 adults permanently residing in the area. A structured interview questionnaire was used for collecting participants' socio-demographic data, knowledge about cancer, attitude and practice towards cancer dietary prevention, cancer worry scale, and the barriers preventing eating healthy food. Results: The study revealed a wide range of participants' knowledge scores. Participants' attitude towards a healthy diet was also low. The most deficient practices were related to the intake of balanced diet and vitamins, practice of exercise, and cancer screening.  The most frequent barrier to a healthy diet was taste (42%), while the lack of information was the least (3.1%). Multivariate analysis showed that the knowledge score was positively predicted by cancer worry score. The attitude score was positively predicted by age and knowledge score, and the practice score by married status, crowding index, and attitude score. Conclusion: there is a poor level of knowledge and inadequate practices regarding cancer dietary prevention despite good attitudes, in addition to high worries about cancer. Implications for Practice: There is urgent need for awareness raising intervention programs for dietary prevention of cancer. Keywords: Cancer, Diet, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Barrie

Improve Knowledge, Beliefs and Behavior of Undergraduate Female Nursing Students in Al-Alzhar University toward Breast Self-Examination Practice

Breast cancer is a public health problem that is most common form of cancer among females in both developed and developing world, The Health Belief Model (HBM) has been used as a theoretical framework to study Breast Self-Examination and other breast cancer detection behaviors. The aim of this study: Was to improve knowledge, beliefs and behavior of undergraduate female nursing students in Al-Alzhar University toward breast self examination practice. Design: A quasi-experimental design was used in this study. Setting: The study was conducted in Health Technical Institute for female students at Al-Alzhar University for 113female student nurse. Tools: data was collected using self administered questionnaires prepared by researchers and Health Belief Model Scale Data. Results: The participants in the study showed more deficiency on screening knowledge, and poor practice of BSE at pre education. Also, the results of this study highlight the positive impact of the educational training on nursing students’ breast cancer and breast self exam  knowledge, practice and health beliefs which there was statistically significant differences were found between students' pretest and posttest BSE Knowledge, practice and  beliefs. Conclusion and recommendation: the results of this study concluded that this program could be instrumental in increasing nursing students’ perception of susceptibility may serve to improve not only their own health status but may empower them to teach women about the importance of early diagnosis and to seek early medical advice. This study emphasizes that the need to teach nursing students breast cancer awareness and early detection of breast cancer in their undergraduate courses. In addition, the provision of regular interventions is necessary to increase and build up the confidence and skills of nursing students in teaching preventive health behaviors including BSE to society and other students as colleagues. Keywords: Breast Self Exam (BSE), Breast Cancer, Nursing Students, Health Beliefs Mode

Hepatitis C virus infection and gene expression of hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients

Introduction: Gene expression profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)is promising for refining the diagnosis and prognosis as well as identifyingpotential therapeutic targets.Aim of the Study: Our study aimed to study the gene expression in 40 HCC patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) using RT-PCR technique on surgical liver sample. Gene expression changes in HCV-positive group were compared with gene expression in HCV-negative group. Four genes were included in this study, AFP gene, CD10 gene, HGF gene and GRB2 gene. The expression of the four genes were slightly higher in HCV positive group than in HCV negative group, however, the difference between the two groups wasnon-significant. HGF gene was expressed in only 20% of HCC patients andGRB2 gene was expressed in 95% of HCC patients. AFP gene and CD10 gene were expressed in all patients.Conclusion: AFP gene, CD10 gene and GRB2 gene play an important role as diagnostic markers of HCC.Key Words: Hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatitis C virus, AFP gene, CD10 gene, HGF gene and GRB2 gene

Improvement of Gas Turbine Performance Using Multi-Stage Inlet Air Cooling System

Gas turbines play a significant role as an energy source if it has been designed according to the ISO operating conditions taking into consideration the operating conditions varied with the variation of the ambient conditions. This work aims to determine the effect of many parameters like the temperature at the compressor inlet, relative humidity, pressure ratios, and polytropic efficiency on each component of gas turbine performance (compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine). In this work, the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software is used to calculate exergy destruction, net power, and all efficiencies (1st law and 2nd efficiency). After that, the validation of the code generated through EES software is performed using the actual performance data from the Heliopolis gas turbine power plant 25 MW. model, (GE GT-TM) made by GE. The results show the performance of the overall gas turbine behaves with and without a multi-stage cooling system.  In addition, the effect of using the new inlet air cooling system on the gas turbine performance improvement under different conditions is determined. It is worth mentioning that the maximum power output increase is about 14.3% at the maximum ambient temperature (313oK). While the change of the 1st low efficiency and the 2nd low efficiency are so small it could be neglected. Also, the results illustrate that first and second law efficiencies provide quantitative and qualitative compressor performance assessments. The present multi-stage cooling system reduces the back-period cost if it uses a chiller system. Adding a chilling system before the fogging cooling system reflects the downsizing of the chilling system. This means low initial capital investment costs and low total annual costs. In addition, the multi-stage cooling system capital cost will be cashback during the first year regarding recovered power pric

The Insecticidal Activity of Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca Alternifolia) Against the Common Pest in Mummies (Dermestes Maculatus)

Egyptian mummies show different signs of deterioration caused by insects, such as missing parts, gaps and accumulated dust. Dermestes maculatus is one of the serious pests that cause damage to Egyptian mummies. To assess the insecticidal activity of tea tree oil against the larvae of the museum insect pest Dermestes maculatus (isolated from Egyptian mummies) we tested it under different concentration and treatment times by the bioassay methods. Our results showed that tea tree oil diluted in ethanol was highly toxic to Dermestes maculatus larvae. Insecticidal activity depended on both concentration and exposure time. By increasing the concentration level and the exposure time we obtained a higher mortality rate

Dynamic analysis and buckling of variable thickness laminated composite beams using conventional and advanced finite element formulations

The behavior of variable thickness laminated composite beams has not so far been fully understood. In the present thesis, a finite element formulation is established for uniform and variable thickness composite beams (externally and mid-plane tapered composite beams). First the conventional formulation is used to establish the stiffness, geometric stiffness (for constant axial load, uniformly distributed axial load, and non-uniformly distributed axial load), and mass matrices. Second a new formulation (advanced formulation) is established, which considers not only the geometric boundary conditions, but also the natural boundary conditions. This means that at each node there will be four degrees of freedom, that are deflection, slope, bending moment, and shear force, such that all physical parameters that can be encountered in any practical situation can be included in the element formulation. The new stiffness, geometric stiffness, and mass matrices corresponding to the new formulation are set up. These matrices are provided into the MATLAB ® environment to obtain the natural frequencies and the critical buckling load

الفنادق الخضراء الذكية كآلية لدعم السياحة البيئية في مصر Smart green hotels as a mechanism to support ecotourism in Egypt.

تسعي المبادرة الوطنية للمشروعات الخضراء الذكية بالتزامن مع اهداف استراتيجية التنمية المستدامة لرؤية مصر 2030 الى الحفاظ على التوازن البيئي واستدامة النشاط السياحي والاثري.ويأتي البحث كدراسة تحليلية تطبيقية لتفعيل دور التقنيات الذكية بالفنادق الخضراء وتسليط الضوء على التوجهات والنظم الذكية ودورها في تطبيق التوجهات المعمارية الخضراء ومعايير النجمة الخضراء للفنادق والربط بينهما في اطار الرؤية المستقبلية المجتمعية لدعم السياحة البيئية في مصر.يتضمن البحث الدراسة الاستقرائية للاشتراطات والمعايير المصرية الخاصة بالفنادق البيئية والخضراء ومعايير تقييم المبادرة الوطنية للمشروعات الخضراء الذكية على سبيل المثال ( المكون الأخضر المستدام والمكون التكنولوجي الذكي) بالإضافة الى معايير نظام تقييم النجمة الخضراء يليها الدراسة التحليلية لتوجهات النظم الذكية والتقنيات التكنولوجية من منظور بيئي وتوظيفها للتعامل مع العناصر المعمارية للفنادق و تُظهر النتائج نموذج مقترح قابل للتطوير لعناصر الفنادق الخضراء الذكية يمثل وسيلة للتحقق من كفاءة الفنادق المحلية ويساعد صناع القرار بتحسين الفنادق القائمة، ورفع كفاءة تصميم الفنادق الخضراء الذكية الجديدة وينتهي البحث بالدراسة التحليلية التطبيقية لحالات دراسية لفنادق محلية (تحليل مقارن) طبقا للنموذج المقترح