48 research outputs found
Polyphenol profile and antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of natural Mentha × piperita and Mentha longifolia opulations in northern Saudi Arabia
New sources of polyphenols with anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties in
arid environments are critical for the development of alternative medicines and natural remedies. This
study explored the polyphenol profiles and biological activities of methanolic leaf extracts from natural
Mentha × piperita and Mentha longifolia populations in northern Saudi Arabia. Chromatographic
analyses identified several polyphenols in M. × piperita including phenolic acids: rosmarinic acid
(1547.6 mg/100 g DW (dry weight)), cryptochlorogenic acid (91.7 mg/100 g DW), and chlorogenic
acid (69.4 mg/100 g DW), as well as flavonoids: naringin (328.8 mg/100 g DW) and cynaroside
(162.8 mg/100 g DW). The major polyphenols in M. longifolia were: rosmarinic acid (781.6 mg/100 g
DW), cryptochlorogenic acid (191.1 mg/100 g DW), p-coumaric acid (113.0 mg/100 g DW), m-coumaric
acid (112.2 mg/100 g DW), and chlorogenic acid (63.8 mg/100 g DW). M. × piperita and M. longifolia
leaf extracts had high antioxidant activities due to the major polyphenols (cynaroside, rosmarinic
and cryptochlorogenic acids). M. × piperita had higher activities against di erent cancer cells than
M. longifolia. Naringin, cryptochlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid had the highest activities against
cancer cells. The leaf extracts had antibacterial e ects against most bacteria species (Pseudomonas
aeruginosa was most sensitive), which was attributed to the polyphenols. Antifungal activities were
similarly broad (Aspergillus flavus was most sensitive) and attributed to naringin, cryptochlorogenic
acid, and ca eic acid. Populations of M. × piperita and M. longifolia in Northern Riyadh may be a
valuable source of natural biologically active compounds
Polyphenol content and biological activities of Ruta graveolens L. and Artemisia abrotanum L. in northern Saudi Arabia
Natural populations of Ruta graveolens L. and Artemisia abrotanum L. in northern Saudi
Arabia may be a rich source of natural polyphenols with potential biological activities. Therefore,
tentative high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection was used to analyze the
polyphenol contents of leaf extracts. R. graveolens mainly contained the phenolic acids chlorogenic
acid and p-coumaric acid and the flavonoids rutoside and quercetin, whereas those of A. abrotanum
mainly contained the phenolic acids isochlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid and the flavonoid
quercetin. Leaf extracts of both species showed antioxidant activities due to the presence of quercetin,
chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid as well as antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against
cancer cells, which may be attributed to necrotic cell accumulation during the early and late apoptotic
periods. Both species also exhibited antibacterial activity, although the activity was higher in
R. graveolens due to the high contents of quercetin and other polyphenols. Finally, both species
exhibited antifungal activities, which were associated with specific polyphenols. This is the first
study to confirm the richness of polyphenols and wide spectrum of biological activities in natural
populations of R. graveolens and A. abrotanum in northern Saudi Arabia
Saudi Rosmarinus offcinalis and Ocimum basilicum L. polyphenols and biological activities
Investigating the polyphenolic profile of natural Rosmarinus offcinalis and Ocimum basilicum
populations may reveal essential compounds that have biological activities. Natural populations
of R. offcinalis and O. basilicum in Northern Riyadh were investigated by HPLC-DAD analyses.
Several polyphenols, including rosmarinic acid, gentisic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid,
rutoside, and others, out of 38 screened were confirmed. Rosmarinic acid was the major polyphenol
in both of R. offcinalis and O. basilicum. R. offcinalis methanolic leaf extracts contained other
phenols such as gentisic acid while O. basilicum contained also 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and
rutoside as well as others. R. o cinalis showed higher antioxidant activities than O. basilicum using
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and -carotene
bleaching assays. These higher activities are associated with a higher composition of rosmarinic
acid in leaf extracts. The antioxidant activities of O. basilicum were attributed to identified phenols
of rosmarinic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and rutoside. There were antiproliferative
and cytotoxic activities of leaf extracts, as well as identified polyphenols, against several cancer
cells. These activities were attributed to the accumulation of necrotic and apoptotic cells in treated
cancer cells with leaf extracts as well as identified polyphenols. The antibacterial and antifungal
activities of leaf extracts were mainly attributed to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and rutoside in
O. basilicum and rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid in R. offcinalis. This study proved that R. offcinalis and
O. basilicum natural populations might be considered as promising sources of natural polyphenols
with biological activities
Mammillaria species : polyphenols studies and anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-bacterial activities
Discovering new natural resources of polyphenols is the aim of many recent studies in
the field of natural product research. This study tentatively investigated the polyphenols profile
of the stems of seven Mammillaria species (M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, M. hahniana, M. crucigera,
M. candida, M. albilanata, and M. muehlenpfordtii) using high performance liquid chromatography with
DAD detector (HPLC-DAD) method. Furthermore, the anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-bacterial
potentials of these extracts as well as major identified phenols were explored. The HPLC-DAD study
confirmed the availability of six phenolic acids, including gentisic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic
acid, protocatechuic acid, sinapic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The dominant compounds were:
gentisic acid in M. rhodantha and M. spinosissima; chlorogenic acid in M. muehlenpfordtii, M. crucigera,
and M. rhodantha; and caffeic acid in M. rhodantha, M. crucigera, and M. spinosissima. Stems of
Mammillaria sp. showed antiproliferative e ects against HeLa, MCF-7, and Jurkat cells. In HeLa
and MCF-7 cells, the best antiproliferative activities were found in the treatments with M. rhodantha,
M. spinosissima, and M. muehlenpfordtii. The apoptotic assay of M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima,
and M. muehlenpfordtii showed accumulation of necrotic cells in the early and late apoptotic
phase. M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, and M. muehlenpfordtii showed the highest anti-oxidant
activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), -carotene bleaching, and ferric reducing
anti-oxidant power (FRAP) assays. M. rhodantha was the best source of antioxidants. Mammillaria sp.
showed moderate anti-bacterial effects against bacteria and the highest effects were found using the
extracts of M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, M. crucigera and M. muehlenpfordtii against most bacteria.
The anti-bacterial activities were attributed to other phenolic compounds (e.g., chlorogenic acid) than
gentisic acid, which was not active against most bacteria. Mammillaria sp. could be considered to be an
important natural source of phenolic acids with anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-oxidant activities
Allelic Discrimination of Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Controlled Study
(1) Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the rapidly growing healthcare problems, and several vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms seem to modulate the risk of T2DM. Our research was designed to investigate the allelic discrimination of VDR polymorphisms and T2DM occurrence risk. (2) Methods: This case-control research included 156 patients with T2DM and 145 healthy control subjects. Most of the study population were males 56.6% vs. 62.8% in the case and control groups, respectively. Genotyping for VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs228570 (Fok1), rs7975232 (Apa1), and rs1544410 (Bsm1) was compared between both groups. (3) Results: There was a negative link between vitamin D levels and insulin sensitivity. A significant difference was noted in the allelic discrimination of VDR polymorphism rs228570 and rs1544410 between the study groups (p \u3c 0.001). No difference was observed in the allelic discrimination of VDR polymorphism rs7975232 between the groups (p = 0.063). Moreover, T2DM patients had significantly higher levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, 2-h post-prandial blood sugar (PP), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), total cholesterol, and triglycerides (p \u3c 0.001), while High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly decreased (p = 0.006). (4) Conclusions: VDR polymorphisms had a positive association with T2DM risk among the Egyptian population. Further large-scale research using deep sequencing of samples is strongly urged to investigate different vitamin D gene variants and interactions, as well as the influence of vitamin D on T2DM
Production of verbascoside, isoverbascoside and phenolic acids in callus, suspension, and bioreactor cultures of Verbena officinalis and biological properties of biomass extracts
Callus, suspension and bioreactor cultures of Verbena officinalis were established, and optimized for biomass growth and production of phenylpropanoid glycosides, phenolic acids, flavonoids and iridoids. All types of cultures were maintained on/in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with 1 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L NAA. The inoculum sizes were optimized in callus and suspension cultures. Moreover, the growth of the culture in two different types of bioreactors—a balloon bioreactor (BB) and a stirred-tank bioreactor (STB) was tested. In methanolic extracts from biomass of all types of in vitro cultures the presence of the same metabolites—verbascoside, isoverbascoside, and six phenolic acids: protocatechuic, chlorogenic, vanillic, caffeic, ferulic and rosmarinic acids was confirmed and quantified by the HPLC-DAD method. In the extracts from lyophilized culture media, no metabolites were found. The main metabolites in biomass extracts were verbascoside and isoverbascoside. Their maximum amounts in g/100 g DW (dry weight) in the tested types of cultures were as follow: 7.25 and 0.61 (callus), 7.06 and 0.48 (suspension), 7.69 and 0.31 (BB), 9.18 and 0.34 (STB). The amounts of phenolic acids were many times lower, max. total content reached of 26.90, 50.72, 19.88, and 36.78 mg/100 g DW, respectively. The highest content of verbascoside and also a high content of isoverbascoside obtained in STB (stirred-tank bioreactor) were 5.3 and 7.8 times higher than in extracts from overground parts of the parent plant. In the extracts from parent plant two iridoids—verbenalin and hastatoside, were also abundant. All investigated biomass extracts and the extracts from parent plant showed the antiproliferative, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The strongest activities were documented for the cultures maintained in STB. We propose extracts from in vitro cultured biomass of vervain, especially from STB, as a rich source of bioactive metabolites with antiproliferative, antioxidant and antibacterial properties
Overcoming the multiplicity of languages and technologies for web-based development using a multi-paradigm approach
Abstract. In this paper, we present QHTML, a library for building Web-based applications in Oz. QHTML provides the Oz programmer with a basic set of abstractions through which creating Web-based interfaces becomes similar to traditional graphical toolkits. In the mean time, QHTML is an experiment investigating whether a single language can replace the numerous ad-hoc combined languages/technologies currently used for building Web-based interfaces. QHTML is realized thanks to the multi-paradigm features of the Oz programming language, which supports symbolic data structures, a functional programming style, an object-oriented style and concurrency via dataflow and lightweight threads.
Effect of <i style="">Curcuma longa</i> or parziquantel on <i style="">Schistosoma mansoni</i> infected mice liver — Histological and histochemical study
877-889Effect of drug praziquantel (PZQ) and C. longa extract on S. mansoni infected mice is reported. The level of glycogen, alkaline and acid phosphatases (ALP and ACP respectively), and body weight, liver weight and liver weight/body weight ratio were studied in mice infected with S.mansoni. ALP level was increased after infection. C. longa treated mice showed marked reduction in ALP level more than after PZQ-treatment. C. longa enhanced the concentration of glycogen after being reduced by infection, while PZQ-treatment revealed more reduction. C. longa caused enhancement in body weight while PZQ treatment had no effect. The formation of granuloma around schistosome eggs in the liver produced inflammation. C.longa extract and PZQ were effective in reducing granuloma size in infected mice