On some fractional nonlocal integrated semi groups

Some classes of fractional abstract differential equations with $\alpha$-integrated semi groups are studied in Banach space. The existence of a unique solution of the nonlocal Cauchy problem is studied. Some properties are given

SOME REMARKS ON THE EXECUTION PLACE xbt IN ANCIENT EGYPT

بعض الملاحظات عن مكان الاعدام (xbt) في مصر القديمة [AR] فى هذه المقالة ، تحاول الباحثة إلقاء الضوء على أحد أماكن العقاب في مصر القديمة ، ألا وهو مكان الإعدام الذى يسمى Xbt . ومن خلال الدراسة، نلاحظ أنه وعلي الرغم من تعدد أماكن العقاب وتنوعها فى مصر القديمة ، إلا أن التفاصيل قليلة فى وصف هذه الأماكن ، ولم ينتشر تصويرها سواء فى المناظر أو فى كتب العالم الآخر. وقد كان الإعدام بقطع الرأس موجود فى التصاوير منذ العصور المبكرة، وكان عقابا لأعداء الملك كما سجل على بعض الصلايات من العصور المبكرة وبصفة خاصة صلاية الملك نعرمر، ولكن عقوبة الإعدام كنتيجة لجريمة ارتكبها شخص ما، لم تثبت بصورة واضحة. والإعدام يعني فناء الشخص نهائيا ، والنجاة من العقاب بالإعدام كان غاية الشخص دائما حتى ولو كان مسيئا. ومكان الإعدام xbt لم يصور بشكل صريح وهو يعبر عن أداة الإعدام نفسها وليس المكان . ويبدو من خلال الدراسة انه يعبر عن مكان يتم فيه الإعدام بواسطة الأداة xbt . وقد ظهرت فى كتاب الموتي بردية آني ، الفصل 50 . حيث يصورالمتوفى مارا بسلام موجها ظهره لأاداة الإعدام ، التى يتم تمثيلها بقاعدة تشبه التل ، يخرج من أطرافها عمودان ، ومن فوقها سكينا كبيرا ، ينزل للأسفل لقطع الرأس ، وهناك قطرات من الدماء تسقط منها. ومن خلال هذا البحث ، نستطيع أن نلقي الضوء على بعض المحاولات التى من الممكن أن تضمن حتى للمذنب أن ينجو من مصير الفناء بنجاح. [EN] In this paper, I highlight one of the punishment places in ancient Egypt [xbt], i.e., the place of execution‚ which was mentioned early in the Pyramid Texts. This place is considered the oldest known punishment place in ancient Egypt. Many punishment places for the wrongdoers were mentioned in texts‚ but were not precisely described or clearly represented. It is well known that in the early period‚ decapitation existed. It was a traditional performance against the enemies of the king. It could be traced as early as king Narmer, as recorded on his palette exhibited in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. However, beheading as a consequence of a crime was not attested definitively. The enemies of the king were represented on the palette with their heads cut off, and each enemy had his head between his legs. Keeping the heads of the enemies with the bodies was an exceptional habit in ancient Egyptian representations. That notice made the author wonder why the ancient Egyptians were keen to preserve the heads of the guilty, although they were considered enemies and deserved total extinction. Thus, the author thought of the execution place [xbt]] in order to know more about this place and determine the destiny of the guilty‚ whether a total extinction or another chance to survive. The execution place was known from the Old Kingdom and continued through the Greco-Roman Period. It was in the shape of a shrine upon which a huge knife was descended downwards to cut off heads and two upright posts. The only representation of the place of execution appeared in Spell 50 of the Book of the Dead. The act of cutting off heads‚ the ancient Egyptians never expressed clearly in art‚ but the heads were cut off in many scenes. Even when the tool of execution was represented as in the Book of the Dead‚ only the tool, not the act, was shown. Moreover, the deceased was given his back to it‚ as if he meant only to warn the people from falling into this tortured place. In this study‚ the author gives some remarks on the place of execution‚ and how the deceased tried to avoid entering such place‚ as he prayed to pass safely by the execution place. The author noticed that the ancient Egyptians ignored the details of the punishment places. They only showed the beheaded bodies of the enemies or the sinners in different scenes in life and the books of the afterlife. They let us wonder‚ if there were a total extinction by beheading the wrongdoers or if there were some ways to escape that ugly fate. In this paper, the author searched for the ways that the ancient Egyptians used to avoid extinction and found out that (1) by some religious texts from different periods‚ (2) by some sacrifice, especially an animal to save the person‚ and (3) by the help of some deities (e.g., Thoth‚ Shesemu‚ Sekhmet‚ Mehit‚ Matyt‚ and Horus-Merty) he might survive and have another chance to escape that ugly fate

Fractional integrated semi groups and nonlocal Cauchy problem for abstract nonlinear fractional differential equations

Some classes of fractional abstract differential equations with α-integrated semi groups are studied in Banach space. The existence of a unique solution of the nonlocal Cauchy problem is studied. Some properties are given

Analysis and Prediction of Supply and Demand Risks - Case of the Moroccan Company

In several entities of the supply chain, a multitude of sources of risk can be a hindrance to companies wishing to have a good level of performance. The purpose of our study is to assess the severity of the several factors that cause supply and demand risks to determine which ones contribute most to the growth of the levels of risks studied. Through the literature review and interviews with logistics and production managers, we identified 16 source factors of the supply and demand risks. In a perspective of improvement of the performance of the supply chain of the Moroccan companies, we have relied on the data of 32 Moroccan companies in order to analyze the criticalities of the 16 factors mentioned in this article, to identify the most critical factors and their impacts on firm objectives, and to deliver a model for predicting the risk levels by a multiple linear regression model

The quantum theory of the electromagnetic field

The present work is concerned with de Broglie's quantum theory of light. It is assumed that the photon is described by a Hermitian wave function with 16 components. Using this wave function it is shown that the 32 of de Broglie's equations are reduced to one set of 16 equations in the form: [equation] where the [alpha]'[rho] are Dirac matrices and [psi] is a matrix with 16 components. The electromagnetic quantities associated with the photon are described by means of the Dirac matrices operating on [psi] in a specified way. It is shown also that these electromagnetic quantities satisfy Maxwell's equations as a result of the equation the interaction between an electron and a photon is developed and the matrix elements for the radiation transitions are calculated. It is further shown that the above wave equation can be considered as the superposition of two similar wave equations, one for the positive energy photons and the other for the negative energy photons. To each of these states there corresponds electromagnetic quantities defined by the above method. It is the superposition of these fields which gives rise to the reality of the electromagnetic field, found in experience. The wave mechanics of the positive energy photon is discussed and the method of second quantization is applied to its wave function, from which we deduce the commutation relations for the complex fields. <p

Characteristics of alpha projectile fragments emission in interaction of nuclei with emulsion

The properties of the relativistic alpha fragments produced in interactions of 84^Kr at around 1 A GeV in nuclear emulsion are investigated. The experimental results are compared with the similar results obtained from various projectiles with emulsion interactions at different energies. The total, partial nuclear cross-sections and production rates of alpha fragmentation channels in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions and their dependence on the mass number and initial energy of the incident projectile nucleus are investigated. The yields of multiple alpha fragments emitted from the interactions of projectile nuclei with the nuclei of light, medium and heavy target groups of emulsion-detector are discussed and they indicate that the projectile-breakup mechanism seems to be free from the target mass number. It is found that the multiplicity distributions of alpha fragments are well described by the Koba-Nielsen-Olesen (KNO) scaling presentation. The mean multiplicities of the freshly produced newly created charged secondary particles, normally known as shower and secondary particles associated with target in the events where the emission of alpha fragments were accompanied by heavy projectile fragments having Z value larger than 4 seem to be constant as the alpha fragments multiplicity increases, and exhibit a behavior independent of the alpha fragments multiplicity.Comment: 33 pages, 8 figures and 3 tables (in press

DyREx: Dynamic Query Representation for Extractive Question Answering

Extractive question answering (ExQA) is an essential task for Natural Language Processing. The dominant approach to ExQA is one that represents the input sequence tokens (question and passage) with a pre-trained transformer, then uses two learned query vectors to compute distributions over the start and end answer span positions. These query vectors lack the context of the inputs, which can be a bottleneck for the model performance. To address this problem, we propose \textit{DyREx}, a generalization of the \textit{vanilla} approach where we dynamically compute query vectors given the input, using an attention mechanism through transformer layers. Empirical observations demonstrate that our approach consistently improves the performance over the standard one. The code and accompanying files for running the experiments are available at \url{https://github.com/urchade/DyReX}.Comment: Accepted at "2nd Workshop on Efficient Natural Language and Speech Processing (ENLSP-II)" @ NeurIPS 202

LES CONSOMMATEURS PAUVRES COMME« BLEAU OCEAN »: REPENSER LE MARKETING POUR S’ADAPTER AUX EFFETS DES CRISES ECONOMIQUES

The economic crisis gives rise to a marketing crisis. This latter is materialized by a drop in market demand as a result of increase in poverty and vulnerability of consumers. The persistence of the effects of marketing crisis and the inability of traditional marketing practices to cope with have point up a great marketing crisis. The BoP which is a Blue Ocean market is a huge market with great potential. Given the failure of traditional marketing practices, the Bule Ocean Strategy is a useful and effective alternative to make the BoP market a sustainable lever capable to cope with economic crises

Assessment of genotype by year interaction for yield components and physiological traits in cotton under drought stress using multivariate analysis and genetic parameters

The objective of this study was to identify genotype high yielding and drought-tolerant, by understanding the interaction GY pattern for yield, yield components and physiological traits in 24 cotton genotypes over five years under drought stress conditions using AMMI analysis, genetic parameters and multivariate analysis. All assessed traits were significantly impacted by genotypes and GY interaction using the AMMI model, with the exception of chlorophyll b by GY interaction. Meanwhile, seed cotton yield/plant, number of open bolls/plant, lint percentage, lint cotton yield/plant, and number of fruiting branches/plant were significantly affected by the year's factor. High BSH coupled with high GAM% was observed for all studied traits, indicating the heritability due to additive type of gene action and, the importance of these genotypes and the possibility of effective selection for drought-tolerant genotype development. A statistically significant correlation was discovered between cotton yield and most investigated traits under drought stress conditions. Direct selection can be done through these traits based on genetic parameters and Pearson's correlations analyses, which will be effective for drought tolerance and enhancing cotton yield. The results of our study's Pearson's correlation analysis, PCA and cluster analysis could be relevant and appropriate for studying drought tolerance mechanisms and cotton yield improvement. According to PCA and cluster analysis, the genotypes G20 and G19 followed by G5, G4 and G21 genotypes showed the best performance in response to drought stress regarding the yield, yield components and physiological-related traits. The previous genotypes could be used in future cotton breeding efforts in Egypt to promote drought tolerance, improve cotton productivity, and sustainable production during drought stress conditions