12 research outputs found

    PrĂ©fĂ©rence d’habitat de la seule population sauvage de Francolinus bicalcaratus ayesha dans le PalĂ©arctique : implications pour sa conservation et sa gestion

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    Le Francolin Ă  double Ă©peron (Francolinus bicalcaratum ayesha) est un oiseau en danger critique d’extinction et endĂ©mique du Maroc, oĂč il habite les forĂȘts de chĂȘne-liĂšge. Ses populations ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©duites principalement en raison de la chasse et de la destruction des habitats. La caractĂ©risation de l’habitat utilisĂ© par ces oiseaux indigĂšnes peut optimiser les programmes futurs de rĂ©introduction. La mĂ©thode de dĂ©tection auditive a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e sur des transects pour localiser les mĂąles chanteurs. Nous avons analysĂ© les facteurs qui dĂ©terminent la prĂ©sence du Francolin Ă  double Ă©peron dans le Nord-Ouest du Maroc en considĂ©rant 13 variables explicatives. Ces prĂ©dicteurs ont Ă©tĂ© regroupĂ©s par Analyse en Composante Pricipale (ACP) et les donnĂ©es associĂ©es Ă  la prĂ©sence/alĂ©atoire de l’espĂšce ont Ă©tĂ© traitĂ©es par des GLMs. Le meilleur modĂšle, sĂ©lectionnĂ© sur la base du critĂšre d’Akaike, a montrĂ© les effets combinĂ©s, en additif, des axes ACPTaille des arbres, ACPProximitĂ© aux parcelles de cĂ©rĂ©ales et ACPDensitĂ© des arbres (AICweight = 0,75). Les Francolins ont montrĂ© une prĂ©fĂ©rence pour les grands arbres Ă  faible densitĂ© et pour la proximitĂ© de champs de cĂ©rĂ©ales. Cela suggĂšre que la sĂ©lection de l’habitat chez les francolins est un compromis entre la nĂ©cessitĂ© de se nourrir et celle d’éviter les prĂ©dateurs. D’autres Ă©tudes sont nĂ©cessaires pour amĂ©liorer notre comprĂ©hension des effets des facteurs Ă©cologiques sur la sĂ©lection de l’habitat de nidification, la productivitĂ© et la survie de ce GallinacĂ©.The critically endangered Double-spurred Francolin (Francolinus bicalcaratus ayesha) is endemic to Morocco, where it inhabits cork oak forests. Its populations have been reduced chiefly due to hunting and habitat destruction. Characterizing the habitat use of native-bred birds is a tool which can optimize recovery programs. Auditory detection was used during transect surveys of calling males to locate breeding birds. We analysed factors determining the occurrence of native Double-spurred Francolins in North-western Morocco using a set of 13 environmental variables. Predictors were aggregated using PCAs and related to species presence/random data using GLMs. The best-supported model of the species’ occurrence included three PCA axes and was clearly better (AIC weight = 0.75) than other models. Francolins showed a preference for large trees with low density, and a proximity to cereal fields. This suggests a trade-off between the need to forage efficiently and that to avoid predators. Further studies are needed to improve our understanding of the effects of ecological factors on nest habitat selection, productivity and survival of Double-spurred Francolin

    Correlates of persistent electrocution-related mortality of raptors in Guelmim-Oued Noun province, Morocco

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    Electrocution on poorly designed power pylons is one the most important human-related causes of large bird mortality worldwide. Raptor mortality caused by 22 kV distribution power lines was studied in south-west Morocco. We surveyed 323 pylons (53.5 km) and collected 65 carcasses of electrocuted raptors in the period 2016 to 2019. The species most affected by electrocution were Long-legged Buzzard and Bonelli’s Eagle (49.23% and 29.23%, respectively). Average electrocution rate was 0.201 carcasses pylon−1. Metal pylons, suspended insulators, devices and vaulted configuration had the highest electrocution events. Substitution or corrective measures should be applied on existing pylons that pose the greatest risk to resident breeding and threatened wintering raptors, such as Bonelli’s Eagle and Spanish Imperial Eagle in this area. French title: CorrĂ©lats de l’électrocution persistante et la mortalitĂ© des rapaces dans la province de Guelmim-Oued Noun, Maroc L’électrocution sur les lignes Ă©lectriques mal conçus est considĂ©rĂ©e comme l’une des principales causes de mortalitĂ© non naturelle pour les oiseaux de grande taille Ă  l’échelle mondiale. L’étude de la mortalitĂ© des rapaces sur des lignes de distribution Ă  moyenne tension (22 kV) a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e au sud-ouest du Maroc. Durant la pĂ©riode 2016–2019, le suivi rĂ©gulier de 323 pylĂŽnes, le long de 53.5 km, a permis de recenser un total de 65 cadavres de rapaces Ă©lectrocutĂ©s. Les espĂšces les plus touchĂ©es sont la Buse fĂ©roce et l’Aigle de Bonelli (49.23% et 29.23%, respectivement). Le taux d’électrocution moyen Ă©tait de 0.201 carcasse/pylĂŽne. Les pylĂŽnes mĂ©talliques, les isolateurs suspendus, les composants Ă©lectriques (transformateurs et sectionneurs) et l’armement ayant une configuration en nappe voĂ»te ont eu la plus forte incidence sur l’électrocution des rapaces. Afin de rĂ©duire cette mortalitĂ©, aussi bien, pour les rapaces nicheurs rĂ©sidents que pour les hivernants menacĂ©s, tels que l’Aigle de Bonelli et l’Aigle ibĂ©rique, des mesures correctives ou de remplacement devraient ĂȘtre appliquĂ©es aux pylĂŽnes dangereux dans la zone. Keywords: pylon configuration, power lines, South-west Morocc

    RĂŽle de la cĂŽte Atlantique marocaine dans l'hivernage des limicoles (Aves, Charadrii)

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    L'analyse de la distribution des limicoles hivernant au Maroc a montrĂ© que la majoritĂ© de ces oiseaux (91%) se rĂ©partit sur la cĂŽte Atlantique. En effet, c'est principalement le long de ce littoral que les habitats prĂ©fĂ©rĂ©s de ce groupe (sabliĂšres, vasiĂšres, prĂšs et pelouses humides) sont relativement bien reprĂ©sentĂ©s. Par ailleurs, les principales populations de limicoles du Maroc peuvent ĂȘtre classĂ©es en trois catĂ©gories selon leur mode de distribution gĂ©ographique:EspĂšces dont la rĂ©partition s'Ă©tale tout le long de la cĂŽte Atlantique; ces limicoles semblent ne privilĂ©gier aucune latitude Le littoral marocain reprĂ©sente pour ces espĂšces une continuitĂ© entre les aires d'hivernage en Europe occidentale et celles d'Afrique de l'Ouest;Populations dont la rĂ©partition est restreinte Ă  la rĂ©gion septentrionale du Maroc; celle-ci constitue pour ces populations la limite sud de leurs aires d'hivernage en Europe de l'Ouest;Populations confinĂ©es principalement dans les zones cĂŽtiĂšres mĂ©ridionales; le littoral sud-marocain reprĂ©sente, par consĂ©quent, l'extension vers le nord du principal quartier d'hiver de ces populations, le Banc d'Arguin mauritanien.De ce point de vue, le territoire marocain constitue, le long de la voie est-atlantique, une zone de transition entre l'Europe occidentale et l'Afrique de l'Ouest: la partie nord de ce pays joue un rĂŽle analogue Ă  celui de l'Europe occidentale, alors que sa partie sud s'apparente Ă  l'Afrique de l'Ouest. La ligne de dĂ©marcation entre les deux secteurs est reprĂ©sentĂ©e par la rĂ©gion du Souss et les reliefs du Haut et de l'Anti Atlas. An analysis of the distribution of wintering waders in Morocco showed that 91% were found on the Atlantic coast, where their preferred habitats (sandy beaches, mudflats, marshlands) are best represented. Waders in Morocco can be grouped into three categories based on their distribution: (1) species which occur all along the Atlantic coast, without any favoured sites; for this group the Moroccan coast is part of a continuous range from Western Europe to West Africa; (2) species whose distribution is restricted to northern Morocco, which represents the southern limit of their wintering range in Western Europe; (3) species found primarily on the southern Moroccan coast, which then represents a northward extension of their main wintering area, the Banc d'Arguin in Mauritania. Thus the Moroccan coast is a transitional zone between Western Europe and West Africa, with the northern sector allied to Western Europe, the southern sector to West Africa. The boundary between the two is the Souss region, and the ranges of the High Atlas and the Anti-Atlas. Ostrich 2007, 78(2): 489–49

    Spatial distribution and breeding territories of Bonelli’s Eagle Aquila fasciata in the western Anti-Atlas Mountains, Morocco

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    The North African population of Bonelli’s Eagle Aquila fasciata (Vieillot, 1822) is limited to the south by the northern fringe of the Sahara Desert. This study provides the first data on the spatial distribution and density of breeding Bonelli’s Eagles in south-west Morocco, at the southern limit of their breeding distribution in the Western Palearctic. We used broad-scale sampling to investigate spatial patterns in occupancy of territorial pairs of Bonelli’s Eagles in an area of ~29 715 km2 in the western Anti-Atlas Mountains, southern Morocco, during 2016–2018. We found 28 nesting territories containing 40 used nests, heterogeneously distributed in areas of high topographic variation, from 60 to 1 890 m asl. The average nearest-neighbour nest distance was 14.12 ± 9.90 km and varied from 2.65 km in the north-west to 37.80 km in the pre-Saharan lands in the south-west portion of the study area. This work shows the importance of the western Anti-Atlas Mountains as one of the most significant strongholds of the species in Morocco. However, there is a need for systematic analyses of the different factors affecting the distribution of the species to implement conservation actions of this peripheral population. Distribution spatiale et territoires de reproduction de l’Aigle de Bonelli Aquila fasciata dans les montagnes de l’Anti-Atlas occidental, MarocEn Afrique du nord, l’aire de rĂ©partition de l’Aigle de Bonelli Aquila fasciata (Vieillot, 1822) s’étend jusqu’aux zones limitrophes nord du Sahara. Ce travail rapporte les premiĂšres donnĂ©es sur la rĂ©partition et la densitĂ© des Aigles de Bonelli reproducteurs au sud-ouest du Maroc, Ă  la limite sud de leur aire de nidification dans le PalĂ©arctique occidental. Nous avons effectuĂ© un Ă©chantillonnage Ă  grande Ă©chelle afin d’identifier les territoires de nidification de l’Aigle de Bonelli et leur distribution spatiale, sur une aire d’environ 29 715 km2 dans les montagnes de l’Anti-Atlas occidental au sud-ouest du Maroc, durant la pĂ©riode 2016–2018. Nous avons repĂ©rĂ© 28 territoires de nidification accueillant 40 nids utilisĂ©s par l’espĂšce, rĂ©partis de maniĂšre hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne dans des zones Ă  forte variation topographique, allant de 60 Ă  1 890 m d’altitude. La distance moyenne entre nids voisins les plus proches est de 14,12 ± 9,90 km et varie de 2,65 km au nord-ouest Ă  37,80 km dans les zones prĂ©sahariennes au sud-ouest de la zone d’étude. Ces rĂ©sultats montrent l’importance de l’Anti-Atlas occidental en tant que l’un des plus importants bastions de l’espĂšce au Maroc. Cependant, des analyses systĂ©matiques des diffĂ©rents facteurs affectant la rĂ©partition de l’espĂšce restent nĂ©cessaires pour mettre en Ɠuvre des actions de conservation de cette population pĂ©riphĂ©rique.Keywords: Anti-Atlas Mountains, Aquila fasciata, density, Morocco, nesting territories, spatial distributio

    Habitat preference of the sole wild population of Francolinus bicalcaratus Ayesha in the palearctic : implications for conservation and management

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    The critically endangered Double-spurred Francolin (Francolinus bicalcaratus ayesha) is endemic to Morocco, where it inhabits cork oak forests. Its populations have been reduced chiefly due to hunting and habitat destruction. Characterizing the habitat use of native-bred birds is a tool which can optimize recovery programs. Auditory detection was used during transect surveys of calling males to locate breeding birds. We analysed factors determining the occurrence of native Double-spurred Francolins in North-western Morocco using a set of 13 environmental variables. Predictors were aggregated using PCAs and related to species presence/ random data using GLMs. The best-supported model of the species’ occurrence included three PCA axes and was clearly better (AIC weight = 0.75) than other models. Francolins showed a preference for large trees with low density, and a proximity to cereal fields. This suggests a trade-off between the need to forage efficiently and that to avoid predators. Further studies are needed to improve our understanding of the effects of ecological factors on nest habitat selection, productivity and survival of Double-spurred Francolin.PrĂ©fĂ©rence d’habitat de la seule population sauvage de Francolinus bicalcaratus ayesha dans le PalĂ©arctique : implications pour sa conservation et sa gestion. Le Francolin Ă  double Ă©peron (Francolinus bicalcaratum ayesha) est un oiseau en danger critique d’extinction et endĂ©mique du Maroc, oĂč il habite les forĂȘts de chĂȘne-liĂšge. Ses populations ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©duites principalement en raison de la chasse et de la destruction des habitats. La caractĂ©risation de l’habitat utilisĂ© par ces oiseaux indigĂšnes peut optimiser les programmes futurs de rĂ©introduction. La mĂ©thode de dĂ©tection auditive a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e sur des transects pour localiser les mĂąles chanteurs. Nous avons analysĂ© les facteurs qui dĂ©terminent la prĂ©sence du Francolin Ă  double Ă©peron dans le Nord-Ouest du Maroc en considĂ©rant 13 variables explicatives. Ces prĂ©dicteurs ont Ă©tĂ© regroupĂ©s par Analyse en Composante Pricipale (ACP) et les donnĂ©es associĂ©es Ă  la prĂ©sence/ alĂ©atoire de l’espĂšce ont Ă©tĂ© traitĂ©es par des GLMs. Le meilleur modĂšle, sĂ©lectionnĂ© sur la base du critĂšre d’Akaike, a montrĂ© les effets combinĂ©s, en additif, des axes ACPTaille des arbres, ACPProximitĂ© aux parcelles de cĂ©rĂ©ales et ACPDensitĂ© des arbres (AICweight = 0,75). Les Francolins ont montrĂ© une prĂ©fĂ©rence pour les grands arbres Ă  faible densitĂ© et pour la proximitĂ© de champs de cĂ©rĂ©ales. Cela suggĂšre que la sĂ©lection de l’habitat chez les francolins est un compromis entre la nĂ©cessitĂ© de se nourrir et celle d’éviter les prĂ©dateurs. D’autres Ă©tudes sont nĂ©cessaires pour amĂ©liorer notre comprĂ©hension des effets des facteurs Ă©cologiques sur la sĂ©lection de l’habitat de nidification, la productivitĂ© et la survie de ce GallinacĂ©.Hanane SaĂąd, Alahyane Nabil, Magri Najib, El Agbani Mohamed-Aziz, Qninba Abdeljebbar. Habitat preference of the sole wild population of Francolinus bicalcaratus Ayesha in the palearctic : implications for conservation and management . In: Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie), tome 71, n°3, 2016. pp. 288-297

    Status and Trends of the Ferruginous Duck’s (Aythya nyroca) Wintering Population in Morocco: Analysis of 35 Years of Winter Census Data (1983-2017)

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    The Ferruginous duck is a winter visitor and breeding resident in Morocco. The species breeds regularly in several coastal and inland wetlands, with remarkable numbers in some marshlands (Sidi Boughaba, Fouwarate, Bargha, Bas Loukkos, etc.). This duck is listed as near threatened in the IUCN Red List, and its populations have been in decline in many European countries. In Morocco, the national wintering population has known, during the last decade, a strong increase, in both its numbers (from tens to thousands of individuals) and distribution area (from a couple of sites to more than 21 wetlands). The North-West region of Morocco has been hosting regularly, during the last decade, between 31 and 91% of the Moroccan wintering population, which is mainly concentrated in two marshlands: Merja de Fouwarate and Merja de Sidi Boughaba. A small reservoir, Barrage Hassar, recently created in the Centre-Atlantic region, has also been, in recent years, one of the most important wintering sites of the species. 15 wetlands have hosted, at least once during the last decade, more than 1% of the regional population of “West Mediterranean/North and West Africa”. This work is an important step to a better knowledge of the Ferruginous duck’s population. This knowledge is the basis for adopting adequate measures for the conservation of the species at the national and international level

    Distribution and breeding numbers of a recently split species, the West African Crested Tern Thalasseus albididorsalis

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    This study investigated the distribution, numbers and conservation threats of the West African Crested Tern, which was recently elevated to full species after it was split from the Royal Tern with an American and African subspecies. In the period 1998–2019, a total of 13 West African coastal islands were identified as breeding localities, stretching from Mauritania to Guinea. All the islands are isolated, usually sandy and subject to erosion. There was great yearly variation in the numbers of breeding pairs within and between sites. A complete census of all breeding locations in 2015 and 2019 resulted in estimates of 79 000 and 77 000 pairs, respectively. The threats identified are predation, human disturbance, nest flooding and loss of breeding habitat as a result of coastal erosion. Predation of eggs and chicks by Sacred Ibises and especially Great White Pelicans may heavily impact on the species’ breeding output. Human disturbance is slight because most of the breeding islands are within protected areas. Flooding of nests has increasingly been observed in recent years, occurring at nine of 11 islands occupied by the terns in 2015. Most islands are subject to erosion, which has resulted in substantial loss of suitable breeding habitat over the 22-year study period. Two important islands have become completely unsuitable. We conclude that West African Crested Terns have an uncertain future. Food shortage resulting from industrial fishing is suspected, and the effects of climate change might negatively impact on habitat suitability and food availability. Monitoring of the total population at three-year intervals is recommended
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