19,529 research outputs found
An Investigation of a Convolution Neural Network Architecture for Detecting Distracted Pedestrians
The risk of pedestrian accidents has increased due to the distracted walking increase. The research in the autonomous vehicles industry aims to minimize this risk by enhancing the route planning to produce safer routes. Detecting distracted pedestrians plays a significant role in identifying safer routes and hence decreases pedestrian accident risk. Thus, this research aims to investigate how to use the convolutional neural networks for building an algorithm that significantly improves the accuracy of detecting distracted pedestrians based on gathered cues. Particularly, this research involves the analysis of pedestrianā images to identify distracted pedestrians who are not paying attention when crossing the road. This work tested three different architectures of convolutional neural networks. These architectures are Basic, Deep, and AlexNet. The performance of the three architectures was evaluated based on two datasets. The first is a new training dataset called SCIT and created by this work based on recorded videos of volunteers from Sheridan College Institute of Technology. The second is a public dataset called PETA, which was made up of images with various resolutions. The ConvNet model with the Deep architecture outperformed the Basic and AlexNet architectures in detecting distracted pedestrian
A multiscale phenomenological constitutive model for strain rate dependent tensile ductility in nanocrystalline metals
Acknowledgments No external funding was received for this project.Peer reviewedPostprin
Cost information for corporate social responsibility performance
The main objective of this study is to develop an accounting
and reporting system for the costs of corporate social responsibility
performance. Secondary objectives of the study are: (1) to
review the current issues of corporate social responsibility to be
measured and reported; (2) to provide some guide-lines to help a
company's management in selecting the socially relevant activities;
(3) to investigate the rationale for corporate social involvement;
(4) to indicate the legal minimum requirements in the major areas
of corporate social performance; (5) to determine the concept of
accounting for corporate social performance and the appropriate
method for measuring and reporting the costs of such performance;
and (6) to ascertain the current state of corporate social reporting
practice in the United Kingdom.
To achieve these objectives, the study begins by discussing the
social activities to be covered in corporate social reporting. The
rationale for initiating corporate social activities is also discussed
and some guide-lines are offered. Moreover, the social
actions which should be taken by all British companies, as they
are legally required, are examined.
Thereafter, the current development of accounting for corporate
social responsibility is reviewed and it is concluded that this
sort of accounting is still in its infancy. The reasons for which
accountants should be concerned with corporate social responsibility
accounting are then presented. The concept of accounting for
corporate social performance is discussed and the scope of the
concept determined. Several approaches for measuring and reporting corporate social performance are examined and it is indicated that
the cost approach is the proper method to be employed in this study.
Then, the cost concepts of accounting for corporate social performance
are discussed from both accounting and economic points of
view, and a method for measuring the social costs of a company's
economic activities is presented.
After reviewing the literature, an attempt is made to develop
a framework for accounting and reporting of corporate social
performance costs. The identification and classification of such
costs are presented and the accounting treatment of these costs
is discussed. Separate disclosures of such costs in the traditional
financial statements are suggested and illustrated in this
study.
Finally, a survey of the current state of corporate' social
reporting practice in the United Kingdom is given. This survey
involved the analysis of corporate social responsibility disclosures
in the annual reports and accounts of 207 companies
extracted from the top 265 of the 1000 largest U. K. industrial
companies. The results of the survey and examples of corporate
social responsibility disclosures are presented. The detailed
analysis is provided in an Appendix
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