The estimation of dynamical efficiency of vortex movements under the formation of regime of zonal and meridional circulation of midlatitude middle atmosphere

For the construction of circulation model of the middle Earth atmosphere it is necessary the estimation of dynamical efficiency of vortex movements, which depends on the nature of the movements and on characteristic of their interaction with the background wind. As the parameter of efficiency of vortex flows the ratio of the intermonth dispersion of the diurnal values of the wind velocity to the sum of the square of the wind velocity and the intermonth dispersion of the diurnal values of the wind velocity for the zonal and meridional circulations was used: KU = σU 2/U2 + σU 2 and KV = σV 2/V2 + σV 2. The estimations of K in depending on height in the field of zonal and meridional wind in the height interval 0-55 km (using the data archive BADC UKMO for the period 1993-2003) and 80-100 km (by the wind velocity measurements carried out on meteor radar of Kazan State University for the period 1986-2002) were obtained. The estimations were obtained in the local approach for the Kazan's region (56N, 49E). The results of the computation demonstrate the decreasing of the parameter of interaction efficiency with the increasing of height in the height interval 10-50 km which is the most evident in the field of meridional circulation. On the heights of the mesosphere - lower thermosphere the parameter K on average of the investigated period in the field of zonal and meridional circulation has the values which are greater than ones on the heights of stratosphere. This speciality is the most evident in the field of meridional wind what indicates on the greater contribution of vortex movements while the formation of meridional circulation in comparison with the zonal one

Seasonal variations of planetary waves intensity in the middle atmosphere

In this papers the investigation of time variations of the energy of background motions as well as the intensity of the planetary waves by continuous measurements in the height range of the middle-latitude middle atmosphere was fulfilled. Height and seasonal regularities for the period of time 1992-2001 are established. Oservatioris during the period close to the cycle of solar activity allow to find a stable height and seasonal structure of energetic parameters for the middle atmosphere being investigated in the work. We found differences of the height profiles of phases and also the difference of intensity of annual and semiannual oscillations of kinetic energy of background and vortical motions on the different height levels of the middle atmosphere. The annual oscillations prevail on heights of the tropostratosphere while the semiannual oscillations plays a main role in the seasonal varations on heights of the upper mesosphere - lower termosphere. The strong difference of height profiles of phase of the maximum of annual and semiannual oscillations on heights of the upper mesosphere - lower termosphere indicates the different origin of these oscillations in this height range

Height-season structure of the available potential energy and kinetic energy in the lower and middle atmosphere

The distributions of kinetic energy (KE) and available potential energy (APE) in the lower and middle atmosphere of the Northern and Southern hemispheres over the period 1992-2003 are investigated. Annual mean values of the amplitude and phase of annual and semiannual oscillations in the zonal and eddy forms of KE and APE are calculated in the height range 0-55 km (1000-0.316 hPa) for the 21st layer. A clearly pronounced annual cycle of the zonal and eddy components of KE and APE with maxima in the winter season are observed in the troposphere of both hemispheres. In the lower stratosphere, the annual-cycle maximum is shifted toward the summer season because of the meridional gradient of the zonal mean temperature. In the stratosphere of both hemispheres, along with annual oscillations, semiannual oscillations are present in all forms of energy. The intensity of these oscillations for the zonal KE and APE at the upper-stratosphere heights is comparable to the intensity of annual oscillations. A local structure of the energy regime of the upper mesosphere-lower thermosphere is investigated against the background of the global energy regime from the data of meteor sounding in Kazan. It is shown that, for both the global and regional regimes, specific features of the phase profiles of energy characteristics can be explained by the presence of barriers during the propagation of wave disturbances along the vertical. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc. 2006

Wind regime of the mesosphere - Lower thermosphere of the Earth

Nowadays investigations of the wind regime of the mesosphere - lower thermosphere (80-100 km) using ground-based (including radiometeor method) and satellite measurements allow the setting and the decision of the task of the creation the global model of the circulation including background motions and temporal variability. The temporal variability is due to the wide spectrum of temporal and spatial scales of waves existing in the atmosphere. Radiosystem of Kazan University is one of 23 meteor radars operating currently in the World. Radiometeor wind measurements in Kazan University started in 1964. During the period of 1964-1965, the first annual cycle of observation is accomplished. Long cycles of observations accomplished during 1979-2002. Uninterrupted cycle of observations started in November 2002 allowed the detailed structure of the temporal variability in the region of the mesosphere - lower thermosphere. Modern methods of the analysis along with background motions allowed the detection of short-period (5-10 minutes) innergravity waves, tidal waves, planetary waves (2-30 days), seasonal variations (annual and semiannual oscillations). Dynamics of this height region of the atmosphere presents significant scientific and practical interests. Due to propagating from the lower atmosphere waves experience the dissipation and the filtration and affects to the altitudinal and seasonal structure of the circulation we should expect the affection of these waves to the disturbed structure of the ionosphere

Modern ways and means of fire protection of wooden structures, technology and their use current issues

The actual methods and means of fire protection of wooden structures and the technology they use. Studied the evaluation of quality fire retardant wooden structures and materials

Compacta are maximally GδG_\delta-resolvable

summary:It is well-known that compacta (i.e. compact Hausdorff spaces) are maximally resolvable, that is every compactum $X$ contains $\Delta(X)$ many pairwise disjoint dense subsets, where $\Delta(X)$ denotes the minimum size of a non-empty open set in $X$. The aim of this note is to prove the following analogous result: Every compactum $X$ contains $\Delta_\delta(X)$ many pairwise disjoint $G_\delta$-dense subsets, where $\Delta_\delta(X)$ denotes the minimum size of a non-empty $G_\delta$ set in $X$

The estimation of dynamical efficiency of vortex movements under the formation of regime of zonal and meridional circulation of midlatitude middle atmosphere

For the construction of circulation model of the middle Earth atmosphere it is necessary the estimation of dynamical efficiency of vortex movements, which depends on the nature of the movements and on characteristic of their interaction with the background wind. As the parameter of efficiency of vortex flows the ratio of the intermonth dispersion of the diurnal values of the wind velocity to the sum of the square of the wind velocity and the intermonth dispersion of the diurnal values of the wind velocity for the zonal and meridional circulations was used: KU = σU 2/U2 + σU 2 and KV = σV 2/V2 + σV 2. The estimations of K in depending on height in the field of zonal and meridional wind in the height interval 0-55 km (using the data archive BADC UKMO for the period 1993-2003) and 80-100 km (by the wind velocity measurements carried out on meteor radar of Kazan State University for the period 1986-2002) were obtained. The estimations were obtained in the local approach for the Kazan's region (56N, 49E). The results of the computation demonstrate the decreasing of the parameter of interaction efficiency with the increasing of height in the height interval 10-50 km which is the most evident in the field of meridional circulation. On the heights of the mesosphere - lower thermosphere the parameter K on average of the investigated period in the field of zonal and meridional circulation has the values which are greater than ones on the heights of stratosphere. This speciality is the most evident in the field of meridional wind what indicates on the greater contribution of vortex movements while the formation of meridional circulation in comparison with the zonal one