Variations in modern contraceptive uptake and its correlates in South West and North East Nigeria: a comparative analysis

Background: Family planning programs are implemented specifically to address the sexual and reproductive health challenges of women of childbearing age but these interventions are yet to address regional differences in modern contraceptive usage in Nigeria. Hence, this study aimed to examine correlates of modern contraceptive uptake in South West and North Eastern, Nigeria.Methods: A cross-sectional survey data for women aged 15-49 years was extracted from Nigeria demographic and health surveys 2018 (NDHS). Data analyses were based on a weighted sample of 10,907 (North East= 5406 and South West = 5501) women of reproductive age. The outcome variable was modern contraceptive use. The main explanatory variables were age, employment status, religion, Number of living children, education, and marital status. Frequency distribution, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis (α=0.05).Results: The result showed the mean age of women of reproductive age in South West and North East to be 32years and 30 years respectively. More women in South West used modern contraceptive than women in North East. About 91.5% and 75.8% of women in North East and South West respectively did not used any modern method. The result showed that, in the South West, number of living children (OR:4.06, CI: 2.794-5.921), education (OR:1.35, CI: 1.045-1.754) and wealth index (OR:1.77, CI: 1.053-2.973) increased the odds of contraceptive uptake, while maternal age (OR:0.52, CI: 0.282-0.965), religion (OR:0.25, CI: 0.184-0.347) and place of residence (OR:0.68, CI: 0.504-0.916) significantly reduced the odds of modern contraceptive uptake in North East.Conclusions: This study concludes that there are regional variations in uptake and predictors of modern contraceptives use in Nigeria. Therefore, sexual and reproductive health interventions that considers the study’s significant variables should be put in place to increase uptake

Perceção de insegurança no trabalho e presença ao trabalho na condição de doença em funcio­nários públicos: Modelo de mediação moderada através da cultura organizacional e do género

Previous research efforts have concentrated on the link between personal factors and sickness presenteeism, with few attempts to research the roles of contextual factors such as organisational culture and perceived job insecurity. Also, the mechanism through which the link exists has not been examined across the gender divide. Therefore, this paper examined the moderated mediation effects of gender on the relationship between perceived job insecurity and sickness presenteeism through organisational culture. A total of 244 (F=140; M=104) respondents participated in the study. The Stanford Presenteeism Scale and Job Insecurity and Organisational Culture scales were used for data collection. Results of the correlation analysis revealed that perceived job insecurity is negatively associated with organisational culture and sickness presenteeism. It also revealed that organisational culture is positively related to sickness presenteeism. The Hayes PROCESS macro analysis showed that organisational culture mediated the relationship between perceived job insecurity and sickness presenteeism. Furthermore, the results of the moderated mediation analysis showed that gender moderated the mediating role of organisational culture in the relationship between perceived job insecurity and sickness presenteeism. The study concluded that the indirect effect of perceived job insecurity on sickness presenteeism through organisational culture was higher among female respondents than their male counterparts.Estudos anteriores têm-se centrado na análise da associação entre fatores pessoais e a presença ao trabalho na condição de doença, sendo escassos os estudos que têm considerado o efeito de fatores contextuais, como sejam a cultura organizacional e a perceção de insegurança no trabalho. Para além disto, o mecanismo através do qual se têm estabelecido as associações não tem sido examinado em função do género dos participantes. Assim, este estudo pretendeu examinar os efeitos da mediação moderada do género na associação entre a perceção da insegurança no trabalho e a presença ao trabalho em condição de doença através da cultura organizacional. Um total de 244 participantes (Masculinos=104) preencheram a SPS (Stanford Presenteeism Scale) e a JOC (Job Insecurity and Organizational Culture), que foram as escalas utilizadas para coleta de dados. Os resultados preliminares da análise correlacional revelaram que a perceção da insegurança no trabalho está negativamente associada à cultura organizacional e à presença ao trabalho com doença. Estes resultados também revelaram que a cultura organizacional está positivamente relacionada com a presença ao trabalho com doença. A análise seguinte, com recurso à macro PROCESS do Hayes, mostrou que a cultura organizacional mediou a relação entre perceção de insegurança no trabalho e a presença ao trabalho em condição de doença. Além disso, os resultados da análise de mediação moderada mostraram que o género moderou o papel mediador da cultura organizacional na relação entre perceção de insegurança no trabalho e a presença ao trabalho em condição de doença. No presente estudo pode ainda concluir-se que o efeito indireto da perceção de insegurança no trabalho sobre a presença ao trabalho em condição de doença através da cultura organizacional foi maior entre as mulheres entrevistadas, quando comparadas com os homens da nossa amostra