The Effect of Glutathione on Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) Level in Retinopathy of Prematurity Rat Models

Introduction Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of blindness in newborn babies worldwide. The benefit of anti-oxidant was investigated for ROP cases by assessing its effect on the oxidative stress of the tissues. Glutathione is a primary endogenous in human body and its supplementation has been discovered for its benefits towards some ocular diseases. This study aims to understand the effect of glutathione on oxidative stress marker, serum Malondialdehyde (MDA), in ROP rat models.Materials and methods This was an experimental study with post test only controlled group design. Sixteen Wistar rats that met our study criterias were divided into two groups, study group and control group. The study group were exposed to 95% oxygen for 4 hours / day followed by normoxic laboratory condition for 20 hours. Glutathione 1.5 mg / day were injected intramuscularly to rats in study group. The control group was exposed to 95% oxygen followed by normoxic laboratory condition with the same manner, and did not received glutathione. This cycle was repeated for 14 days. Both groups were settled in a room temperature settings on days 15-22. Serum sampel was collected from retroorbital vein. The malondialdehyde level was analyzed using MDA analyser kit.Results MDA level was found significantly higher in study group compared to control group (546.99 ng/ml vs 201.51 ng/ml, respectively, p 0,001).Conclusion Our study demonstrated a higher MDA levels in ROP rat models given glutathione injection compared to the control group

The Discontinuation Effect of Topical Prednisolone on Extracellular Matrix Trabecular Meshwork in Wistar Rat

ABSTRACT Background:Intra ocular pressure (IOP) elevationis one of topical steroids’ side effects. Corticosteroid will initiate matrix metalloproteinase cascade that leads to extra cellular matrix (ECM)of trabecular meshwork (TM) turnover(remodeling) and its acumulationin TM. Objective: To analyze the reversibility of ECM TM in Wistar rat after discontinuation oftopical prednisolone1% at different periode(14 days and 28 days). Methods:This was an experimental study with post test only controlgroup design. Total samples of 28 rats were divided into 4 groups: Treatment groups 1 was treated with  topical prednisolone for 28 days, and was terminated 14 days after discontinuation of the drug.Treatment goups2 was treated topical prednisolone for 28 days and was terminated28 days after discontinuation of the drug. Control 1 was treated withtopical prednisolone for 28 days, and Control 2 was treated with topical saline for 28 days and terminated without periode of discontinuation. Histopathological grading score was used to evaluate ECM TM deposition. Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the data. Result: Deposition of ECM in TM was not statistically different intreamentgroup 1 and treatment group 2 (p>0.05). Deposition of ECM in TM were statistically differentbetween treatment group 2 and control group 1 (p<0.05). Comparative test showed p<0.001,which means that there was a change in the  thickness of ECM after discontinuation of instillation. Conclusion: ECM TM was thinner in the experimental animals with a longer duration of topical prednisolondiscontinuation, which demonstrate that maintenance remodeling of ECM was happen

Niemann-Pick Disease Type A: A Case Report

&nbsp;BACKGROUND Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) types A result from the deficient activity of sphingomyelinase. NPD type A is characterized by early-onset, progressive neurodegenerative course; systemic disease manifestations, including massive hepatosplenomegaly, interstitial lung disease, and cherry-red macula; and death in early childhood. The objective: to enhance the recognition of health care providers about the potential undiagnosed NPD because nonspecific clinical manifestation &nbsp; CASE PRESENTATION A 18-months-old boy was admitted to Dr. Kariadi Hospital with enlarged abdomen since seventh month old with failure to thrive. He also showed progressive loss of neurologic function, microcephaly with open major fontanelle, recurrent pulmonary and systemic infection. &nbsp;Physical examination revealed facial dysmorphic, milestone regression, under-nutrition, crackles in both lungs, hepatosplenomegaly with petechial in extremities and floppy infants. Laboratory investigations showed anemia (9.4 g/dL) and thrombocytopenia (73.000/mm3). The lactate dehydrogenase (482 U/L) and alkaline phosphatase (159, 03 IU/L) were higher than normal. Abdominal ultrasound revealed hepatomegaly with normal parenchyma and splenomegaly without nodule. Skeletal survey revealed Erlenmeyer flask deformity. Foam cell are detected in bone marrow puncture. Retcam examination showed cherry red spot at the macula. Bera revealed auditory neuropathy. The enzyme activity showed normal ?–Glucosidase (5.55 uM/hr) and chitotriosidase (105,8 nmol/ml) but low sphingomyelinases activity (0.30 uM/hr) which confirmed the diagnosis of NPD. DISCUSSION Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) types A result from the deficient activity of sphingomyelinase. NPD type A is characterized by early-onset, progressive neurodegenerative course; systemic disease manifestations, including massive hepatosplenomegaly, interstitial lung disease, and cherry-red macula; and death in early childhood. Type A is very rare and a severe infantile form with neurologic degeneration resulting in death usually by 3 years of age. No treatment available for type A and It's a rare disease in Indonesia.&nbsp; CONCLUSION These investigations were able to diagnose this child as a NPD-Type A. Patient was closely monitored and symptomatic treatment was provided