12 research outputs found

    Duration, Pattern of Breastfeeding and Postnatal Transmission of HIV: Pooled Analysis of Individual Data from West and South African Cohorts

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    Both breastfeeding pattern and duration are associated with postnatal HIV acquisition; their relative contribution has not been reliably quantified.Pooled data from 2 cohorts: in urban West Africa where breastfeeding cessation at 4 months was recommended but exclusive breastfeeding was rare (Ditrame Plus, DP); in rural South Africa where high rates of exclusive breastfeeding were achieved, but with longer duration (Vertical Transmission Study, VTS). 18-months HIV postnatal transmission (PT) was estimated by Kaplan-Meier in infants who were HIV negative, and assumed uninfected, at age >1 month. Censoring with (to assess impact of mode of breastfeeding) and without (to assess effect of breastfeeding duration) breastfeeding cessation considered as a competing event. Of 1195 breastfed infants, not HIV-infected perinatally, 38% DP and 83% VTS children were still breastfed at age 6 months. By age 3 months, 66% of VTS children were exclusively breastfed since birth and 55% of DP infants predominantly breastfed (breastmilk+water-based drinks). 18-month PT risk (95%CI) in VTS was double that in DP: 9% (7-11) and 5% (3-8), respectively (p = 0.03). However, once duration of breastfeeding was allowed for in a competing risk analysis assuming that all children would have been breastfed for 18-month, the estimated PT risk was 16% (8-28) in DP and 14% (10-18) in VTS (p = 0.32). 18-months PT risk was 3.9% (2.3-6.5) among infants breastfed for less than 6 months, and 8.7% (6.8-11.0) among children breastfed for more than 6 months; crude hazard ratio (HR): 2.1 (1.2-3.7), p = 0.02; adjusted HR 1.8 (0.9-3.4), p = 0.06. In individual analyses of PT rates for specific breastfeeding durations, risks among children exclusively breastfed were very similar to those in children predominantly breastfed for the same period. Children exposed to solid foods during the first 2 months of life were 2.9 (1.1-8.0) times more likely to be infected postnatally than children never exposed to solids this early (adjusted competing risk analysis, p = 0.04).Breastfeeding duration is a major determinant of postnatal HIV transmission. The PT risk did not differ between exclusively and predominantly breastfed children; the negative effect of mixed breastfeeding with solids on PT were confirmed

    Global estimates of viral suppression in children and adolescents and adults on antiretroviral therapy adjusted for missing viral load measurements: a multiregional, retrospective cohort study in 31 countries

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    Background: As countries move towards the UNAIDS's 95-95-95 targets and with strong evidence that undetectable equals untransmittable, it is increasingly important to assess whether those with HIV who are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) achieve viral suppression. We estimated the proportions of children and adolescents and adults with viral suppression at 1, 2, and 3 years after initiating ART. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, seven regional cohorts from the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) consortium contributed data from individuals initiating ART between Jan 1, 2010, and Dec 31, 2019, at 148 sites in 31 countries with annual viral load monitoring. Only people with HIV who started ART after the time a site started routine viral load monitoring were included. Data up to March 31, 2020, were analysed. We estimated the proportions of children and adolescents (aged <18 years at ART initiation) and adults (aged ≄18 years at ART initiation) with viral suppression (viral load <1000 copies per mL) at 1, 2, and 3 years after ART initiation using an intention-to-treat approach and an adjusted approach that accounted for missing viral load measurements. Findings: 21 594 children and adolescents (11 812 [55%] female, 9782 [45%] male) from 106 sites in 22 countries and 255 662 adults (163 831 [64%] female, 91 831 [36%] male) from 143 sites in 30 countries were included. Using the intention-to-treat approach, the proportion of children and adolescents with viral suppression was 7303 (36%) of 20 478 at 1 year, 5709 (30%) of 19 135 at 2 years, and 4287 (24%) of 17 589 at 3 years after ART initiation; the proportion of adults with viral suppression was 106 541 (44%) of 240 600 at 1 year, 79 141 (36%) of 220 925 at 2 years, and 57 970 (29%) of 201 124 at 3 years after ART initiation. After adjusting for missing viral load measurements among those who transferred, were lost to follow-up, or who were in follow-up without viral load testing, the proportion of children and adolescents with viral suppression was 12 048 (64% [plausible range 43–81]) of 18 835 at 1 year, 10 796 (62% [41–77]) of 17 553 at 2 years, and 9177 (59% [38–91]) of 15 667 at 3 years after ART initiation; the proportion of adults with viral suppression was 176 964 (79% [53–80]) of 225 418 at 1 year, 145 552 (72% [48–79]) of 201 238 at 2 years, and 115 260 (65% [43–69]) of 178 458 at 3 years after ART initiation. Interpretation: Although adults with HIV are approaching the global target of 95% viral suppression, progress among children and adolescents is much slower. Substantial efforts are still needed to reach the viral suppression target for children and adolescents. Funding: US National Institutes of Health

    Evaluation de l’automedication dans les officines de Lome, Togo

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    Introduction: Les professionnels de santĂ© sont de moins en moins consultĂ©s par les patients avant l’achat de mĂ©dicaments faisant ainsi recours Ă  l’automĂ©dication.L’automĂ©dication est trĂšs rĂ©pandue dans le monde. Au Togo, peu d’études sur l’automĂ©dication ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es en milieu officinal, lieu privilĂ©giĂ© de dispensationde produits pharmaceutiques. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est d’estimer la prĂ©valence de l’automĂ©dication dans les officines Ă  LomĂ© et d’identifier les facteurs associĂ©s Ă  cette pratique.MĂ©thode: Une Ă©tude transversale Ă  visĂ©e descriptive et analytique a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e du 18 dĂ©cembre 2013 au 16 janvier 2014 auprĂšs de sujets ĂągĂ©s de 18 ans et plus se prĂ©sentant Ă  la pharmacie pour un achat de mĂ©dicaments ou pour un conseil. Les donnĂ©es de l’enquĂȘte ont Ă©tĂ© recueillies Ă  l’aide d’un questionnaire standardisĂ© administrĂ© en face Ă  face.RĂ©sultats: Au total 1310 sujets dont l’ñge mĂ©dian Ă©tait de 32 ans (intervalle interquartile, (IIQ) : [25- 40] ans) ont participĂ© Ă  l’étude et parmi eux 30,92% possĂ©daient une assurance maladie. La prĂ©valence de l’automĂ©dication Ă©tait de80,28% (intervalle de confiance Ă  95%, IC Ă  95% : [77,99 - 82,38]). Les enquĂȘtĂ©s se procuraient principalement des antalgiques (64,76%), des antipaludiques (41,66%) et des antibiotiques (33,88%) dans le cadre de l’automĂ©dication. Les raisons avancĂ©es dans la pratique de l’automĂ©dication Ă©taient la connaissance de la maladie, l’absence de sa gravitĂ© et le manque d’argent. Les facteurs associĂ©s Ă  l’automĂ©dication Ă©taient l’absence d’une assurance maladie (p&lt;0,0001), un Ăąge supĂ©rieur Ă  32 ans (p&lt;0,0070) et le manque d’argent (p&lt;0,0001).Conclusion: L’automĂ©dication responsable est un moyen prĂ©conisĂ© par l’Organisation Mondiale de la SantĂ© pour dĂ©sengorger les structures sanitaires mais surtout pallier Ă  l’insuffisance de ces structures, particuliĂšrement dans les pays en dĂ©veloppement. Toutefois, pour que cette pratique soit bĂ©nĂ©fique et sĂ©curisĂ©e pour les usagers, le lĂ©gislateur doit renforcer le cadre de dĂ©livrance de ces mĂ©dicaments et mener des actions de sensibilisation sur le bon usage des mĂ©dicaments auprĂšs de la population togolaise.Mots clĂ©s: automĂ©dication, pharmacies d’officine, facteurs associĂ©s, TogoEnglish Title: Assessment of self medication in pharmacies in Lome, TogoEnglish AbstractBackground: Nowadays, patients are less likely to consult health professionals before purchasing medicines, thus practicing self-medication. Self-medication is widespread  around the world. In Togo, few studies on self-medication have been conducted in pharmacies which are prime places for drug dispensing. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of self-medication in pharmacies in Lome and factors associated with this practice.Methods: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from December 18, 2013 to January 16, 2014 among subjects aged 18 years and over attending pharmacy to purchase medicine or for counseling. Data on self-medication practices were collected using a structured questionnaire administered during a face-to-face interview.Results: A total of 1310 respondents with a median age of 32 years (interquartile range, (IQR): [25-40] years) participated in the study and among them, 30.92% had health insurance. The prevalence of self-medication was 80.28% (95% confidence interval, 95% CI: [77.99 – 82.38]). Respondents reported using mainly analgesics (64.76%), antimalarials (41.66%) and antibiotics (33.88%). Reasons for practicing self-medication were prior experience treating a similar illness, feeling that illness was not severe, and lack of money. Factors associated with self-medication were lacking health insurance (p &lt;0.0001), being older than 32 (p &lt;0.0070) and lacking money (p &lt;0.0001).Conclusion: Responsible self-medication is a practice promoted by the World Health Organization to compensate for health structures lacking and overcrowding, particularly in developing countries. However, in order to have safe and beneficial self-medication for consumers, the legislator must strengthen the framework for the delivery of these drugs and conduct awareness-raising campaigns on the proper use of medicines among Togolese general population.Keywords: self-medication, pharmacies, associated factors, Tog

    Qualite de vie au travail des personnes vivant avec le VIH sous traitement antiretroviral au Togo en 2019 : Quality of life at work in people living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment in Togo, in 2019

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    Introduction : Les personnes vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH) sont confrontĂ©es aux effets indĂ©sirables du traitement antirĂ©troviral et aux troubles psychosociaux qui impactent leur qualitĂ© de vie. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait d’évaluer la qualitĂ© de vie au travail des PVVIH sous traitement antirĂ©troviral suivies au centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) - Campus de LomĂ©.MĂ©thode : Une Ă©tude transversale a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e du 15 juillet au 15 septembre 2019 chez les PVVIH ĂągĂ©es d’au moins 18 ans sous traitement antirĂ©troviral et suivies dans l’unitĂ© de prise en charge des PVVIH du CHU-Campus. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es Ă  l’aide d’un questionnaire standardisĂ© : Medical outcome study short form-36 item health survey (MOS SF-36).RĂ©sultats : Au total, 245 PVVIH ont Ă©tĂ© enquĂȘtĂ©es. L’ñge moyen Ă©tait de 44,10 ± 10,67 ans et le sex-ratio (H/F) de 0,29. La durĂ©e moyenne de sĂ©ropositivitĂ© et du traitement antirĂ©troviral Ă©tait respectivement de 5,96 ± 4,33 ans et 5,42 ± 3,97 ans. Les PVVIH Ă©taient sous TĂ©nofovir-Lamivudine-Efavirenz dans 86,12% des cas. La « vitalitĂ© » Ă©tait la dimension la plus altĂ©rĂ©e (55,43). La « composante psychique » Ă©tait plus altĂ©rĂ©e que la « composante physique » (43,62 vs 49,69 ; p ˂ 0,001). La dimension « limitations due Ă  l’état psychique » a Ă©tĂ© impactĂ©e par les affections opportunistes (p = 0,043). La dimension « santĂ© psychique » a Ă©tĂ© impactĂ©e par le type de traitement antirĂ©troviral (p = 0,025).Conclusion : Les PVVIH sous traitement antirĂ©troviral avaient une bonne qualitĂ© de vie globale hormis la vitalitĂ©. Leur Ă©tat de santĂ© mentale Ă©tait plus altĂ©rĂ© d’oĂč la nĂ©cessitĂ© d’une prise en charge psychologique plus renforcĂ©e. Introduction: People living with HIV (PLWHIV) are confronted with adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs and other psychosocial disorders that impact their quality of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of life at work of PLWHIV on antiretroviral treatment followed at Campus - university hospital in LomĂ©.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 15 to September 15, 2019, among PLWHIV at least 18-years-old on antiretroviral treatment and followed in the unity that took care of PLWHIV at Campus - university hospital. The data were collected using a standardised questionnaire: Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 Item Health Survey (MOS SF-36).Results: A total of 245 PLWHIV were interviewed. The mean age was 44.10 ± 10.67 years. The sex-ratio (M/F) was 0.29. The mean duration of the fact of being seropositive and antiretroviral treatment was respectively 5.96 ± 4.33 years and 5.42 ± 3.97 years. PLWHIV were on TĂ©nofovir-Lamivudine-Efavirenz in 86.12% of case. The “Vitality” was the most altered dimension (55.43). The “psychic component” was more altered than the “physical component” (43.62 vs. 49.69; p ˂ 0.001). The "limitations due to mental state" was impacted by opportunist infections (p = 0.043). The ‘‘mental health’’ dimension was impacted by the type of antiretroviral treatment (p = 0.025).Conclusion: PLWHIV on antiretroviral treatment had a good global quality of life except of vitality. Their mental health state was more altered so psychological care should grow stronger

    RĂ©ponse clinique et immunologique Ă  12 mois chez des patients infectĂ©s par le VIH en fonction du statut vis-Ă - vis de l’infection par l’hĂ©patite B au chu Sylvanus Olympio de LomĂ©, Togo

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    Introduction : L’infection par le virus de l’hĂ©patite B (VHB) est frĂ©quente chez les personnes vivant avec le VIH et pourrait influencer sa rĂ©ponse au traitement antirĂ©troviral (TARV). Aucune donnĂ©e n’est disponible au Togo sur l’impact du VHB sur le VIH. L’objectif Ă©tait de comparer aprĂšs 12 mois de TARV, la rĂ©ponse clinique et immunologique des patients infectĂ©s par le VIH en fonction du VHB. MĂ©thodes : Une cohorte prospective a Ă©tĂ© mise en place au service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales (SMIT) du CHU Sylvanus Olympio Ă  LomĂ© (Togo). Tous les patients infectĂ©s par le VIH, naĂŻfs, Ă©ligibles au TARV selon les critĂšres nationaux, ont Ă©tĂ© enrĂŽlĂ©s et dĂ©pistĂ©s pour le VHB (Determine, alere) aprĂšs leur consentement. L’échec thĂ©rapeutique a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©fini par la survenue d’un dĂ©cĂšs, ou d’un gain de CD4 infĂ©rieur Ă  50 cellules/mm3 au cours des six premiers mois ou infĂ©rieur Ă  100 cellules/mm3 au cours des 12 premiers mois de TARV. Une rĂ©gression logistique et un modĂšle de Cox ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s pour rechercher les facteurs associĂ©s Ă  l’infection par le VHB et Ă  l’échec thĂ©rapeutique.RĂ©sultats : Au total, 357 patients ont Ă©tĂ© inclus. Leur Ăąge mĂ©dian Ă©tait de 39 ans [32-46ans], 66% Ă©taient des femmes et 43% Ă©taient au stade clinique 3 ou 4. Le taux mĂ©dian de CD4 Ă©tait de 158 cellules/mm3 [83-295]. La prĂ©valence du VHB (AgHBs positif) Ă©tait de 9,2% (IC95% : 6,4-12,7). La majoritĂ© des patients infectĂ©s par le VHB (82%) ont reçu du TĂ©nofovir contre 51% des patients non infectĂ©s par le VHB. Au cours des 12 premiersmois de TARV, 15 (4,2%) des patients sont dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©s et 88 Ă©taient en Ă©checimmunologique. Le gain mĂ©dian de taux de CD4 Ă©tait de de 148 cellules/mm3 [EIQ: 73- 256] aprĂšs 12 mois de TARV. En analyse multivariĂ©e, un taux d’ALAT supĂ©rieur Ă  50 UI/L (RCa : 2,70 ; IC 95% 1,11-6,12) Ă©tait le seul facteur associĂ© Ă  l’infection par le VHB et l’échec thĂ©rapeutique n’était pas statistiquement diffĂ©rent entre les patients co-infectĂ©s VIH-VHB et les mono-infectĂ©s VIH (HRa=1,02, IC 95% 0,47-2,24).Conclusion : AprĂšs 12 mois de TARV, le VHB ne semble pas influencer de façon statistiquement significative la rĂ©ponse clinique et immunologique chez les patients infectĂ©s par le VIH sous TARV Ă  base de TĂ©nofovir principalement. Ces rĂ©sultats prĂ©liminaires doivent ĂȘtre confirmĂ©s Ă  long terme, sur un plus grand Ă©chantillon et avec des donnĂ©es virologiques.Mots-clĂ©s : VIH, HĂ©patite virale B, rĂ©ponse immuno-clinique, Togo

    Sensibilite des souches d’Escherichia coli isolees sur deux annees (2009 -2010) aux ÎČ-lactamines et quinolones au laboratoire de microbiologie du CHU Campus de Lome

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    Introduction: Escherichia coli est une bactĂ©rie retrouvĂ©e Ă  l’état commensal dans le systĂšme digestif des animaux et des hommes. Elle devient responsable d’infections intestinales par acquisition de facteurs de pathogĂ©nicitĂ©. Elle est aussi la premiĂšre bactĂ©rie responsable d’infections urinaires. Les molĂ©cules utilisĂ©es dans le traitement des infections dues Ă  cette bactĂ©rie, appartiennent Ă  deux familles principalement : ÎČ-lactamines et quinolones.Objectifs: Ă©tudier la sensibilitĂ© des souches d’E. coli aux ÎČ-lactamines et quinolones.MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thode: C’est une Ă©tude descriptive analytique rĂ©alisĂ©e de fĂ©vrier 2009 Ă  DĂ©cembre 2010 sur les registres archivĂ©s d’antibiogramme au sein du Centre hospitalier Campus de LomĂ© en son unitĂ© de bactĂ©riologie des services des laboratoires.RĂ©sultats: Au cours de ces deux annĂ©es, 79,7% de rĂ©sistance Ă  l’amoxicilline a Ă©tĂ© notĂ©e. Pour l’association amoxicilline+ acide clavulanique, 76,9% de rĂ©sistance ; 18,9% de rĂ©sistance Ă  la ceftriaxone. Les phĂ©notypes de rĂ©sistances suivants ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©s : pĂ©nicillinase haut niveau (PHN), pĂ©nicillinase rĂ©sistante aux inhibiteurs (TRI), bĂȘtalactamase Ă  spectre Ă©largie (BLSE). Ainsi 03 souches ont prĂ©sentĂ© le phĂ©notype PHN en 2009 contre 47 souches en 2010 ; 16 en 2009 pour les TRI contre 29 en 2010. En 2009, 4 souches Ă©taient BLSE contre 19 en 2010. 52,4% rĂ©sistants Ă  la ciprofloxacine. 7,7%. En 2009, 15 souches sur les 47 testĂ©es soit 31,9% Ă©taient rĂ©sistantes Ă  la ciprofloxacine (ciproR), contre 42 ciproR sur les 85 souches testĂ©es en 2010 soit 49,4%.Conclusion: la rĂ©sistance Ă  ces molĂ©cules clĂ©s vont en croissant et donc reste alarmant.Mots clĂ©s: E. coli, susceptibilitĂ© aux ÎČ -lactamines et quinolones, LomĂ©English Title: Sensitivity of the strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 2009 to 2010 to ÎČ -lactamines and quinolons in the microbiology laboratory of CHU Campus de LomĂ©English AbstractIntroduction: Escherichia coli is a bacterium found in the commensal state in the digestive system of animals and humans. It becomes responsible for intestinal infections by acquisition of pathogenicity factors. It is also the first bacterium responsible for urinary  infections. The molecules used in the treatment of infections due to this bacterium belong to two families mainly: ÎČ-lactams and quinolons.Objectives: To study the susceptibility of E. coli strains to ÎČ-lactams and quinolons.Materials and methods: This is a descriptive analytical study carried out from february 2009 to December, 2010 on the archived antibiogram records in the Centre Hospitalier Campus of Lome in its bacteriology unit of laboratory services.Results: During these two years, 79.7% resistance to amoxicillin was noted. For the amoxicillin + clavulanic acid combination, 76.9% resistance; 18.9% resistance to ceftriaxone. The following resistance phenotypes were observed: high-level penicillinase (HLP), inhibitor-resistant penicillinase (IRT), expanded spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). Thus, 03 strains presented the phenotype PHN in 2009 against 47 strains in 2010; 16 in 2009 for IRT compared to 29 in 2010. In 2009, 4 strains were ESBL compared to 19 in 2010. 52.4% resistant to ciprofloxacin. 7.7%. In 2009, 15 of the 47 strains tested were 31.9% resistant to ciprofloxacin (ciproR), compared with 42 ciproR of the 85 strains tested in 2010, ie 49.4%.Conclusion: Resistance to these key molecules is increasing and therefore remains alarming.Keywords: E. coli, susceptibility to ÎČ-lactams and quinolones, Lom

    Prevalence de l’infection a VIH chez les patients victimes d’un accident vasculaire cerebral au CHU Campus de Lome

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    Introduction: Le VIH/SIDA et son traitement antirĂ©troviral sont associĂ©s Ă  un risque Ă©levĂ© de maladies cardiovasculaires comme les accidents vasculaires cĂ©rĂ©braux (AVC). L’objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait d’estimer la prĂ©valence du VIH et d’identifier ses facteurs associĂ©s chez les patients hospitalisĂ©s pour un AVC.MĂ©thode: Une Ă©tude transversale a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e dans le service de neurologie du centre hospitalier universitaire Campus de LomĂ© au Togo, du 01 AoĂ»t 2012 au 28 FĂ©vrier 2013. Tous les patients hospitalisĂ©s pour un AVC sur la base de donnĂ©es cliniques et de scannographie cĂ©rĂ©brale ont Ă©tĂ© enrĂŽlĂ©s. Une sĂ©rologie au VIH avec deux tests rapides en sĂ©rie a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e, de mĂȘme que des bilans biologiques et d’imagerie Ă  la recherche de facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire. Une analyse de rĂ©gression logistique a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e pour identifier les facteurs associĂ©s Ă  l’infection Ă  VIH.RĂ©sultats: Au total 444 patients ont Ă©tĂ© enrĂŽlĂ©s. L’ñge mĂ©dian Ă©tait de 57ans (Ă©tendue interquartile de 47-68 ans) avec 53,6% de sujets de genre fĂ©minin. Parmi ces patients, le diagnostic d’AVC ischĂ©mique a Ă©tĂ© confirmĂ© chez 309 (69,6%) patients et celui d’AVC hĂ©morragique chez 135 (30,4%). La prĂ©valence du VIH Ă©tait de 8,1% (n=36) avec un intervalle de confiance (IC) Ă  95% (5,6-10,6%). Chez les patients sĂ©ropositifs au VIH, 25 (69,4%) patients avaient fait un AVC ischĂ©mique et 11 (30,6%) patients avaient fait un AVC hĂ©morragique. L’analyse de rĂ©gression logistique avait montrĂ© que le type d’AVC n’était pas associĂ© Ă  l’infection Ă  VIH avec un Odds Ratio de 0,85, IC Ă  95% (0,40-1,84).Conclusion: Cette premiĂšre Ă©tude de sĂ©roprĂ©valence au VIH rĂ©alisĂ©e chez les sujets hospitalisĂ©s pour un AVC montre une prĂ©valence au VIH Ă©levĂ©e comparativement Ă  la prĂ©valence nationale (2,9%). Les services de neurologie doivent continuer la prise en charge du VIH au sein de leur structure en faisant un dĂ©pistage systĂ©matique du VIH chez les patients ayant prĂ©sentĂ© un AVC.Mots clĂ©s: AVC, VIH, SIDA, Togo, Afrique noireEnglish Title: Prevalence of HIV infection among patients presenting with acute stroke at The Teaching Hospital Campus in Lome, TogoEnglish AbstractIntroduction: HIV / AIDS and its antiretroviral treatment are associated with a high risk of cardiovascular diseases such as stroke. The objective of this study was to estimate HIV prevalence and identify its associated factors among patients hospitalized for stroke.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Neurology ward at the Teaching Hospital “Campus” in Lome (Togo), from August 1st, 2012 to February 28th, 2013. All patients hospitalized for stroke, based on clinical symptoms and brain scan were enrolled. HIV serology was performed with two serial rapid tests and a third laboratory test when needed. Other cardiovascular risk factors, were investigated with more biological tests. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with HIV infection.Results: A total of 444 patients were enrolled, of which 53.6% were women and the median age of participants was 57 years (IQR [47-68]). Ischemic stroke was diagnosed in 309 (69.6%) patients and hemorrhagic stroke in 135 (30.4%) patients. HIV prevalence was 8.1% (n = 36) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) (5.6 - 10.6%). Among HIVpositive patients, 25 (69.4%) had an ischemic stroke and 11 (30.6%) had hemorrhagic stroke. Logistic regression analysis showed that the type of stroke was not associated with HIV infection (OR=0.85, 95% CI [0.40 to 1.84]).Conclusion: This first HIV seroprevalence study, conducted among patients hospitalized for stroke showed a higher prevalence compared to the national prevalence (2.9%). Neurology ward must continue the management of HIV within their structure by performing a routine HIV testing in patients admitted for stroke.Keywords: AVC, HIV, AIDS, Togo, black Afric

    Effets indesirables medicamenteux lies a la vaccination de Riposte contre Neisseria meningitidis au Togo

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    Une campagne de vaccination de riposte, s’est dĂ©roulĂ©e, en mars 2017, au Togo, par un vaccin contre les sĂ©rogroupes A, C, Y et W135 de Neisseria meningitidis. La population-cible Ă©tait de 2 Ă  29 ans. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait d’analyser les Manifestations Post-Vaccinales IndĂ©sirables (MAPI) liĂ©es Ă  ce vaccin. Il s’est agi d’une Ă©tude descriptive, menĂ©e du 20 au 27 juillet 2017 au Centre National de Pharmacovigilance (CNPV). Les fiches de notification ayant rapportĂ©es une MAPI ont constituĂ© notre population d’étude. Les MAPI ont Ă©tĂ© classĂ©es et l’imputabilitĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e, selon les critĂšres de l’OMS. Au total, 50 559 personnes ont Ă©tĂ© vaccinĂ©es. Deux (2) MAPI ont Ă©tĂ© transmises au CNPV (3,96 notifications pour 100 000 personnes vaccinĂ©es). Les fiches ont Ă©tĂ© transmises 3 semaines aprĂšs la fin de la campagne (dĂ©lai lĂ©gal respectĂ©). Le premier cas Ă©tait celui d’une fillette de 2 ans, dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©e 3 jours aprĂšs la vaccination. Un paludisme grave, forme anĂ©mique, avec perte de connaissance et crises convulsives a Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©, Ă  l’investigation. Cette MAPI est classĂ©e comme grave. Le score d’imputabilitĂ© Ă©tait improbable. Le deuxiĂšme cas Ă©tait celui d’une fille de 15 ans, dĂ©cĂ©dĂ©e 4 jours aprĂšs la vaccination. Le Neisseria meningitis a Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©, Ă  l’analyse de son liquide cĂ©phalo-rachidien. Cette MAPI est grave. Le score d’imputabilitĂ© Ă©tait improbable. Les professionnels de santĂ© au Togo, doivent ĂȘtre sensibilisĂ©s sur la nĂ©cessitĂ© de notifier davantage de cas y compris les effets indĂ©sirables connus et non graves.Mots-clĂ©s : vaccin contre les sĂ©rogroupes A, C, Y et W135 de Neisseria meningitidis,pharmacovigilance, manifestations post vaccinales indĂ©sirables, Togo
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