ZEMİNLERİN PERMEABİLİTE KATSAYISI VE KONSOLİDASYON ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA: ELAZIĞ ÖRNEĞİ

Bu çalışmada, fiziksel özellikleri belirlenen zeminler üzerinde permeabilite katsayısı ve konsolidasyon özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Proktor cihazıyla deney numuneleri elde edilmiştir. Proktor kabında sıkıştırılmış deney numunelerinden alınan örnekler üzerinde permeabilite ve konsolidasyon deneyleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular dikkate alınarak, zeminlerin permeabilite ve konsolidasyon değerlerine göre rasyonel çözüm önerilerinde bulunulmuştur

ZEMİN GERİLMELERİNİN SAYISAL GERİLME ÇÖZÜMLEMESİ YÖNTEMİYLE TAHMİNİ

Bu çalışmada tekil ve uniform yükün temel zemini üzerinde oluşturdukları gerilmeler sayısal gerilme çözümlemesi yöntemiyle bilgisayar ortamında modellendi. Zeminlerin elek analizi, kıvam limit değerleri, optimum su muhtevası, maksimum kuru birim hacim ağırlık ve şişme yüzdeleri belirlendi. Sonuç olarak; Phase2 bilgisayar programı ile modellenen zeminlerde uniform yük altında oluşan gerilme dağılımı ile tekil yük altındaki gerilme dağılımı arasında farklar gözlendi. Her iki yükün gösterdiği gerilme değerleri zemin emniyet gerilmesinden düşük olduğu anlaşıldı. Böylece sayısal gerilme çözümlemesi yöntemi sayesinde çok daha kısa sürede yapı–zemin etkileşimi ve zemin gerilme değerleri belirlenmiş oldu

Impact of botanical fermented foods on metabolic biomarkers and gut microbiota in adults with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes:a systematic review protocol

INTRODUCTION: Dysfunctional gut microbiota is a common finding in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recent clinical trials have assessed whether botanical fermented foods (BFFs) have beneficial effects on metabolic biomarkers, inflammatory markers and gut microbiota. The aim of this review is to critically evaluate all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of BFF for evidence of impact on the outcome measures of these disease states. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Four electronic databases (Embase, MEDLINE, CENTRAL and Google Scholar) as well as the grey literature will be searched from inception to present without language or publication status restrictions applied. Eligible RCTs which have enrolled adult participants with T2DM, any MetS components or combinations of these components, treated prophylactically or therapeutically with any botanical fermented food intervention, compared with a control group (no intervention, placebo or active control) will be assessed. Primary outcomes are related to the target conditions, including metabolic biomarkers, inflammatory markers and gut microbiota composition/function. Using Covidence, two independent investigators will conduct title and abstract screening, followed by full-text screening to identify appropriate studies. Methodological quality of the trials will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Findings will be summarised with a narrative synthesis of the differences between included studies. A meta-analysis will be conducted if sufficient data are obtained. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication, conference presentations and press. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42018117766

Biomarkers for Macrosomia Prediction in Pregnancies Affected by Diabetes

Large birthweight, or macrosomia, is one of the commonest complications for pregnancies affected by diabetes. As macrosomia is associated with an increased risk of a number of adverse outcomes for both the mother and offspring, accurate antenatal prediction of fetal macrosomia could be beneficial in guiding appropriate models of care and interventions that may avoid or reduce these associated risks. However, current prediction strategies which include physical examination and ultrasound assessment, are imprecise. Biomarkers are proving useful in various specialties and may offer a new avenue for improved prediction of macrosomia. Prime biomarker candidates in pregnancies with diabetes include maternal glycaemic markers (glucose, 1,5-anhydroglucitol, glycosylated hemoglobin) and hormones proposed implicated in placental nutrient transfer (adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-1). There is some support for an association of these biomarkers with birthweight and/or macrosomia, although current evidence in this emerging field is still limited. Thus, although biomarkers hold promise, further investigation is needed to elucidate the potential clinical utility of biomarkers for macrosomia prediction for pregnancies affected by diabetes

In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some novel 3-Alkyl4-[3-methoxy-4-(p-nitrobenzoxy)-benzylideneamino]-4,5-dihydro-1H1,2,4-triazol-5-ones

Bu çalışmada, dokuz yeni 3-alkil-4-[3-metoksi-4-(p-nitrobenzoksi)-benzilidenamino]-4,5-dihidro-1H1,2,4-triazol-5-on (3) bileşiği 3-alkil-4-amino-4,5-dihidro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-on (1) bileşiklerinin 3- metoksi-4-hidroksibenzaldehidin trietilaminli ortamda p-nitrobenzoil klorür ile reaksiyonundan elde edilen 3-metoksi-4-(p-nitrobenzoksi)-benzaldehid (2) ile reaksiyonundan sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen yeni bileşikler IR, 1H NMR ve 13C NMR spektrum verileri kullanılarak karakterize edilmiştir. Çalışmada, ayrıca, yeni bileşiklerin in vitro antibakteriyal etkinlikleri altı bakteriye karşı agar kuyucuk yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. İn vitro ortamda sentezlenen yeni bileşiklerin antioksidan aktiviteleri üç farklı yöntemle tayin edilmiştir.In this study, nine novel 3-alkyl-4-[3-methoxy-4-(p-nitrobenzoxy)-benzylideneamino]-4,5-dihydro-1H1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (3) were synthesized from the reactions of 3-alkyl-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4- triazol-5-ones (1) with 3-methoxy-4-(p-nitrobenzoxy)-benzaldehyde (2), which was synthesized by the reaction of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde with p-nitrobenzoyl chloride by using triethylamine. The structures of novel compounds were established from IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral data. In addition, in vitro antibacterial capacities of the new compounds were determined against six bacteria by mains of agar well diffusion method. Furthermore, newly synthesized compounds antioxidant capacities were performed by three different methods

Relative Hypoglycemia in Diabetic Patients With Critical Illness

Objectives: Relative hypoglycemia is a decrease in glucose greater than or equal to 30% below prehospital admission levels (estimated by hemoglobin A1C) but not to absolute hypoglycemia levels. It is a recognized pathophysiologic phenomenon in ambulant poorly controlled diabetic patients but remains unexamined during critical illness. We examined the frequency, characteristics, and outcome associations of relative hypoglycemia in diabetic patients with critical illness. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: ICU of a tertiary hospital. Patients: One-thousand five-hundred ninety-two critically ill diabetic patients between January 2013 and December 2017. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: The median age of patients was 67 years (interquartile range, 60-75 yr). The median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III score was 53 (interquartile range, 40-68). Thirty-four percent of patients with diabetes experienced relative hypoglycemia (exposure) during their ICU admission. Such patients had higher glycemic lability, hemoglobin A1C levels, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III scores. The hazard ratio for 28-day mortality of diabetic patients, censored at hospital discharge, for patients with relative hypoglycemia was 1.9 (95% CI, 1.3-2.8) and was essentially unchanged after adjustment for episodes of absolute hypoglycemia. After an episode of relative hypoglycemia, the hazard ratio for subsequent absolute hypoglycemia in the ICU was 3.5 (95% CI, 2.3-5.3). Conclusions: In ICU patients with diabetes, relative hypoglycemia is common, increases with higher hemoglobin A1C levels, and is a modifiable risk factor for both mortality and subsequent absolute hypoglycemia. These findings provide the rationale for future interventional studies to explore new blood glucose management strategies and to substantiate the clinical relevance of relative hypoglycemia

Comparison of IMA, YKL-40, EN-RAGE, and AIM levels in maternal blood and cord blood in patients with preeclampsia

Aim: Preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia are among the most significant causes of maternal mortality. Preeclampsia’s pathogenesis is not fully understood, and it is a disease with early diagnosis and treatment possibilities. In this study, we aimed to investigate the levels of IMA, YKL-40, EN-RAGE, and AIM in maternal and cord blood. The results will ideally shed light on preeclampsia’s pathogenesis and early diagnosis. Methods: The study was conducted with the following three groups: a severe preeclampsia group (group 1), a preeclampsia group (group 2), and a control group (group 3). IMA, YKL-40, EN-RAGE, and AIM levels were measured in all patients across the groups using blood taken from the mothers before delivery and from the cords during delivery. Statistically descriptive analyses were performed. Specifically, a one-way analysis of variance was performed on group variables, and a Tukey test was used to determine the differences between the groups. Results: The mean age was similar across all groups. The gestational week at delivery was low for the severe preeclampsia group (p=0.001). The IMA and YKL-40 levels in the maternal and cord blood were the same between the groups. The EN-RAGE levels in the maternal blood were found to be significantly higher in the control group (p=0.000). While the AIM levels in the maternal blood were high in the control group (p=0.001), they were significantly lower in the cord blood in the control group (p=0.029). Conclusion: EN-RAGE and AIM levels are parameters that can be used in the early diagnosis of preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia

The Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation does not improve the underestimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in people with diabetes and preserved renal function

BackgroundOur hypothesis was that both the Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations would underestimate directly measured GFR (mGFR) to a similar extent in people with diabetes and preserved renal function.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, bias (eGFR – mGFR) was compared for the CKD-EPI and MDRD equations, after stratification for mGFR levels. We also examined the ability of the CKD-EPI compared with the MDRD equation to correctly classify subjects to various CKD stages. In a longitudinal study of subjects with an early decline in GFR i.e., initial mGFR >60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and rate of decline in GFR (ΔmGFR) > 3.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 per year, ΔmGFR (based on initial and final values) was compared with ΔeGFR by the CKD-EPI and MDRD equations over a mean of 9 years.ResultsIn the cross-sectional study, mGFR for the whole group was 80 ± 2.2 ml/min/1.73 m2 (n = 199, 75 % type 2 diabetes). For subjects with mGFR >90 ml/min/1.73 m2 (mGFR: 112 ± 2.0, n = 76), both equations significantly underestimated mGFR to a similar extent: bias for CKD-EPI: -12 ± 1.4 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p < 0.001) and for MDRD: -11 ± 2.1 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p < 0.001). Using the CKD-EPI compared with the MDRD equation did not improve the number of subjects that were correctly classified to a CKD-stage. No biochemical or clinical patient characteristics were identified to account for the under estimation of mGFR values in the normal to high range by the CKD-EPI equation. In the longitudinal study (n = 30, 66 % type 1 diabetes), initial and final mGFR values were 102.8 ± 6 and 54.6 ± 6.0 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Mean ΔGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2 per year) was 6.0 by mGFR compared with only 3.0 by MDRD and 3.2 by CKD-EPI (both p < 0.05 vs mGFR)ConclusionsBoth the CKD-EPI and MDRD equations underestimate reference GFR values >90 ml/min/1.73 m2 as well as an early decline in GFR to a similar extent in people with diabetes. There is scope to improve methods for estimating an early decline in GFR

Evaluation of the effect of local Bovine Amniotic Fluid on Osseointegration of Titanium Implants: A Histologic and Histomorphometric Study

The aim of this study was to histologically and histomorphometrically investigate the effect of locally applied bovine amniotic fluid (BAF) on osseointegration levels in implants. Adult female Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 300–350 g were used as subjects. The rats were divided into two groups: the sham–operated control group (n=10) and the local BAF group (n=10). Implant cavities were created in the tibias of all subjects under sterile saline cooling with rotating instruments. Local BAF was applied to all implant sockets before the implants were placed. Rats were sacrificed after a four–week osseointegration period. Histological staining was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining to analyze the osseointegration. Examinations of the bone implant connection (BIC) and peri–implant bone formation (PBF) were performed using a light microscope and an image analyzer. As a result of the analysis, the mean BIC value was 40.3 ± 4.9 for the sham–operated control group and 45.2 ± 7.7 for the local BAF group. The mean PBF was 39.9 ± 6.3 for the sham control group and 40.5 ± 5.7 for the local BAF group. A statistically significant difference was found between the sham control group and the local BAF group for the BIC and PBF values (P>0.05; P: 0.11; P: 0.83). The application of local BAF to the implant socket did not have a clear positive effect on implant osseointegration. More studies are needed to clarify the association between local BAF and osseointegration