The effect of positive and negative mood on motivation to succeed of elite athletes

Summary, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of positive and negative mood on motivation of elite athletes in terms of the level of education, sports experience, and age.The motivational levels of the athletes were measured using the Success Motivation Scale in Sports developed by Willis (1982) and adapted to Turkish by Tiryaki and Gödelek (1997). Positive and negative mood was measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale developed by Watson et al. (1988). The study included 440 voluntary participants (260 male and 180 female) randomly selected from 10 different sports. The average age and sport experience of the participants were 21.8 yrs. (SD=3.9) and 9.6 yrs. (SD=4.8), respectively. Results showed apositive correlation between athletes’ sports experience and intrinsic motivation (r=.148, p<.01) and positive mood (r=.216, p<.01). Furthermore, there was a significant difference between athletes’ positive mood level and negative mood level. No significant difference was found in athletes’ motivation level as a function of education. On the other hand, there was a significant difference in athletes’ motivation and positive mood level in terms of sport participated in (p<.05). However, there was no significant difference in athletes’ negative mood level in terms of sex (p>.05). Finally, there was a positive relation between extrinsic motivation and each of intrinsic motivation (r=.496), success motivation (r=.877) and positive mood (r=.366), while there was a negative relation with negative mood (r= -.174)

Investigation of the effect of sports on media, marketing, consumption and popular culture

Reasearch problem/aim: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate them under the titles of the sports sector (media,   consumption, marketing) by mentioning primarily popular culture and sports issues.  Method: In this study, a descriptive research model, which is used to investigate the events as they are, trying to determine the situation that happened, investigating the events and situations discussed in detail and examining their relationship. Findings: The notion that sports is one of the building blocks of popular culture, and as a result of its action, the media sheds considerable light on consumption and marketing. The popular culture field, which started to develop as a field of study on its own, has become important by societies in the world and scientific studies on this subject have increased rapidly. Especially the innovations brought by popular culture in the world and the rapidly increasing interest in sports, media, marketing and consumer products have made this issue more up-to-date. Today, most of the sources explain that popular culture is under the influence of the media and that sports, marketing and consumption provide access to more people. Especially, social media, which enters our homes and becomes the most important part of our daily life, is extremely important in creating and conveying these topics (sports, marketing, consumption). In this context, the relationship between popular culture, media, consumption and marketing in sports and their roles among each other was discussed as a result of the extensive literature review. Conclusion: it is seen that sports have an effect on popular culture products on media, marketing and consumption

Social integration of the individuals according to some variables who participated in Youth Camps of Ministry of Youth and SportsGençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı Gençlik Kamplarına katılan bireylerin sosyal uyumlarının bazı değişkenlere göre araştırılması

This research aims to examine social integration of the individuals according to some variables who participated in youth camps of Ministry of youth and sports. Universe of this study consists of the individuals who participated youth camps of Ministry of youth and sports while sample of study consists of 151 females and 251 males, total 402 participants who participated in Antalya Duacı and BoluAladağlar camps. Sports and Social Integrations Scale (SSIS) which had been developed by Yılmaz and friends (2006) composed of seven point likert type was used for  research group. In order to analyze the data SPSS 18 (Statistical Package for Social Science) package software was used, frequency and percent age analysis to determine the socio demographic characteristics of the students, one-way ANOVA to determine the differences between the sexes and in view of the benefits of participating in outdoor activities to determine whether they present differences in gender  t-test wasused. Tukey HSD multiple comparison test was applied with the purpose of determining which groups lead to statistical difference that comes out after one-way variance analysis (ANOVA). T-Test was applied in order to determine whether the sex of the participants creates difference in their opinions about the benefits of outdoor sports. The significance level of p<0,05 was taken into account in statistical analysis and interpretations of data. According to statistical analysis result, it was determined that 62.4% male and 37.6% female subjects. According to gender, found significant difference between the levels of social integration (p<0,05). Significant differences were observed in “emotional development subscale” among the male and female participants. The views of participants on the socialization aspects, compared to age [F(4-397)= 3,440; p< ,05]; the view of moral development dimension compared to age [F(4-397)= 2,569; p< ,05] and the view of regarding physical benefits when compared to ages have significant differences. According to this result, extreme sports affect young people’s personnel development and the quality of life in a positive way. ÖzetBu araştırma, Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı Gençlik Kamplarına Katılan Bireylerin Sosyal Uyumlarının Bazı Değişkenlere Göre Araştırılması” amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın evereni; Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı Gençlik Kamplarına Katılan Bireyler oluştururken örneklemi; Antalya Duacı ve Bolu Aladağlar kamplarına katılan 151 kadın, 251 erkek toplam 402 bireyler oluşturmaktadır.   Araştırma grubuna Yılmaz ve ark. (2006) tarafından geliştirilen, yedi alt boyutlu ve Likert tipindeki “Sporda Sosyal Bütünleşme Ölçeği” (SSBÖ)  anketi uygulanmıştır.   Elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde SPSS 18 istatistik programı kullanılmış olup, öğrencilerin sosyo-demografik özelliklerini belirlemek için frekans ve yüzde analizi, cinsiyetler arasında Farklılığı tespit etmek için tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA)  ve katılımcıların doğa sporlarının faydalarına ilişkin görüşlerinde cinsiyetlerinin farklılık oluşturup oluşturmadığını belirlemek için t-Testi uygulanmıştır. Tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) sonucunda ortaya çıkan istatistiksel farkın hangi gruplardan kaynakladığını belirlemek amacıyla Tukey HSD çoklu karşılaştırma testi uygulanmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde ve yorumlarda, p< 0,05 anlamlılık düzeyi dikkate alınmıştır. Yapılan istatistiksel analiz sonucuna göre, deneklerin % 62,4 ünün erkek ve % 37,6 sının bayan olduğu belirlenmiştir. Cinsiyetlere göre sosyal uyum düzeyleri arasında (p<0,05) düzeyinde anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Erkek ve Kadın” katılımcılar arasında “Duygusal gelişim” alt boyutunda anlamlı düzeyde bir farklılık görülmüştür. Katılımcıların doğa sporlarının sosyalleşme boyutuna ilişkin görüşleri yaşlarına göre [F(4-397)= 3,440; p< ,05];ahlaki gelişim boyutuna ilişkin görüşleri yaşlarına göre [F(4-397)= 2,569; p< ,05] ve fiziksel fayda boyutuna ilişkin görüşleri yaşlarına göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermektedir.  Bu sonuçlara göre doğa sporları gençlerin kişisel gelişim ve hayat kalitelerini olumlu yönde etkilemektedir

Analysis on basic psychological needs of the students studying in higher education institutions offering sports educationSpor eğitimi veren yükseköğretim kurumlarında öğrenim gören öğrencilerin temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlarının incelenmesi

An athlete always wants to be appreciated, loved and respected. In this study conducted with the purpose of determining the basic psychological needs of the students studying in schools of physical education and sports, faculties of sports sciences and other higher education institutions offering sports education, whether the athlete students are aware of their basic psychological needs has been analyzed. Another purpose of the research is to determine which psychological needs the students receiving sports education have most and to make interpretations as per the results yielded by the sub-dimensions of the scale. The questionnaire method was used in the research with the purpose of determining the basic psychological needs of students. The scale used in the research is New Psychological Needs Scale (NPNS) developed by Heckert et al. (2000) and adapted into Turkish and its reliability and validity tests conducted by Kesici (2007). NPNS is a 20-item five point Likert grading scale (“1” for totally disagree, “2” for disagree, “3” for hesitant, “4” for agree, “5” for totally agree). SPSS 18.0 package program was used in analysis of data. Percentage, frequency, average, standard deviation values were used for descriptive information; independent t-test was used for the comparison of different groups and one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) was used for the comparison of multiple groups. In sports with the significance level of p<0.05 obtained after the statistical calculation between the variables of students, some differences were ascertained between sexes and the point average of basic psychological needs of girls was found to be higher than boys. It is known very well that women are more sensitive and emotional in their nature. Their special days and the hormones secreted considerably affect and change their feelings and thoughts. ÖzetSosyal bir olgu olan sporunda kişilerde birçok psikolojik ihtiyaç ortaya çıkardığı bir gerçektir. Bir sporcu takdir edilmek, sevilmek, saygınlık kazanmak her zaman isteyecektir. Beden eğitimi ve spor yüksekokullarında, spor bilimleri fakültelerinde ve spor eğitimi veren diğer yükseköğretim kurumlarında öğrenim gören öğrencilerin temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmada aynı zamanda sporcu öğrencilerin temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlarının farkında olup olmadıkları da incelenmiştir. Araştırmada öğrencilerin temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlarını belirlemek amacıyla anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan ölçek Heckert ve Ark. (2000) tarafından geliştirilen Türkçeye uyarlaması ve geçerlilik güvenilirlik testini Kesici (2007)’nin yapmış olduğu (YPİÖ) Yeni Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar Ölçeğidir. YPİÖ 20 madden oluşan beş basamaklı Likert (“1” hiç katılmıyorum, “2” katılmıyorum, “3” kararsızım, “4” katılıyorum, “5” tamamen katılıyorum) bir dereceleme ölçeği şeklindedir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 18.0 paket programından yararlanılmıştır. Betimleyici bilgiler için yüzde, frekans, ortalama, standart sapma değerleri, farklı grupların karşılaştırılmasında bağımsız t-testi, çoklu grupların karşılaştırılmasında ise tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada verilerin analizi sonucunda spor eğitimi alan öğrencilerin temel psikolojik ihtiyaçları çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmiş ve cinsiyetler arasında p<0,05 düzeyinde anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre kadın katılımcıların, erkek katılımcılara göre temel psikolojik ihtiyaçları düzeyi daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Diğer değişkenler arasında anlamlı farklılıklara rastlanmamıştır

INVESTIGATION OF SPATIAL VISUALIZATION AND SPATIAL ANXIETY OF FACULTY OF SPORT SCIENCES AND PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS STUDENTS OF FACULTY OF EDUCATION

Spatial skill is the ability to move or reconstruct objects and components of one or more parts in three-dimensional space in their mind. In other words, it is defined as the mental arrangement of spatial skills objects and their parts in two-dimensional and three-dimensional space. 500 volunteer students included from Faculty of Education Primary School Teaching Department and Faculty of Sports Sciences as voluntarily. 336 questionnaires were collected from 176 male and 153 female students from two faculties. For collecting data, Spatial Visualization Test (SVT) questionnaire was used that was developed by Loppan et al. (1983) adapted into Turkish by Dursun (2010). There was a statistically significant difference according to the scores from the spatial anxiety (F=4.296, p<.005) and spatial visualization test (F = 3.964, p <.005) in terms of the departments.   Article visualizations

THE INVESTIGATION OF SUBMISSIVE BEHAVIORS AND SELF-RELIANCE LEVELS OF MOUNTAINEERS

This study was carried out in order to determine the submissive behavior and self-confidence levels of individuals who practice mountaineering sports. While the population of the study was individuals participated Erzurum Winter Development Camp in 2015, the sample of the study was consisted of 212 participants (n=169 male, 43 female) selected by random sampling. A 3-part questionnaire was used to collect data in the study. In the first part of the questionnaire, there is a 16-item “Submissive Behavior Scale” (SBS) to determine the submissive behavior levels of the participants. In this part of the questionnaire, “Self-confidence Scale" of which validity and reliability study was performed by Akın (2007).The last part was allocated for 7-item 'Demographic Information Form' developed by the researcher to learn the demographic information of the participants. The data were analyzed with SPSS packet program. Besides the descriptive statistics, T-test and ANOVA were utilized and Tukey test was used to specify the groups from which significant differences were derived and Pearson correlation test was used in order to examine the relationship between variables. Findings have shown that mountaineers, living in rural areas, have lower self-confidence than the urban and metropolitan residents. Additionally, the confidence of the athletes in the alpinist was higher than in other branches. Besides, it was found out that there existed negative relationship between submissive behavior and self-confidence

The Relationship between Organizational Culture and Innovative Work Behavior for Sports Services in Tourism Enterprises

The innovative behavior of individuals in the workplace is the foundation of any high-performance organization, and thus a study on the factors that motivate or enable individuals’ innovative behavior is critical (Scott, & Bruce, 1994). Therefore, the aim of this research was to find the relationship between organizational culture and innovative work behavior (IWB) in tourism enterprises that market sports services. Considering the fact that IWB is crucial for tourism enterprises, exploring the factors that influence IWB could be beneficial. Correlation analysis revealed that IWB was found to be significantly correlating with cooperativeness (r=0.442, p<0.05), innovativeness (r=0.510, p<0.05), consistency (r=0.522, p<0.05), and effectiveness (r=0.554, p<0.05). Additionally, stepwise regression analysis, which was conducted to discover whether organizational culture predicts IWB, showed a significant model: F(2-131)=33.775, p<0.05. The model explained 33% of the variance in IWB (Adjusted R2=0.33). In general, our findings suggest that there is a relationship between organizational culture and IWB and that organizational culture significantly predicts IWB. As IWB is crucial for the enhanced performance and success of any organization, organizational culture should be organized in order to encourage employees in terms of IWB