Cross-Polarization OCT for In Vivo Diagnostics and Prediction of Bladder Cancer

This chapter contains three parts covering recent efforts to increase the accuracy of optical coherence tomography (OCT) differential diagnostics of bladder pathologies. The first part compares the diagnostic efficacy of traditional OCT and cross-polarization OCT (CP OCT); CP OCT and fluorescence cystoscopy (FC) for detecting flat lesions in the bladder at the early stages of cancer. The second part contains a report on achievements in application of CP OCT for detection of recurrent carcinoma in the scar area that is a hardly distinguishable form of bladder cancer using an optimized CP OCT image analysis. The third part of the chapter reviews the results on CP OCT usage for in vivo diagnosis of the bladder cancer after radiation therapy of cervical cancer

NOVOSIBIRSK REGION PROGRAM OF THE LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN CHILDREN

The aim of the study was to analyze the early and late outcomes of pediatric liver transplantation (LTx) program in the Novosibirsk region. Material and Methods. The retrospective study included 24 patients aged 72 ± 74.8 months (from 4 to 212 months, median – 20 months) with a body weight of 21.7 ± 18.1 kg (from 4.5 to 55 kg, median – 12.5 kg). Two (8.3 %) cadaveric whole liver grafts, 19 (79.2 %) living donor liver grafts, and 3 (12.5 %) cadaveric liver fragments (reduced-size or split-liver) were transplanted. Results. The features of vascular and biliary reconstruction in different types of LTx are discussed. The incidence of vascular and biliary complications was 8.3 and 20.8%, respectively. The patients stayed in the intensive care unit for 9 ± 5.1 days (from 4 to 22 days, median 8 days) and total length of hospital stay was for 40 ± 25.4 days (from 19 to 136 days, median 32 days). Two (8.3 %) recipients had early graft dysfunction. Perioperative mortality (up to 90 days) was absent. The overall 5-year patient and graft survival rates were 95 and 88 %, respectively. Conclusion. The Novosibirsk region has a pediatric LTx program with outcomes comparable to the data of the leading world and Russian centers

Interesses Mercadológicos Asiáticos no Brasil: um levantamento dos pedidos de patentes oriundas da China, Japão e Coreia do Sul

Among the most innovative nations globally, China, Japan and South Korea have stood out notably in recent decades, assuming leading positions in several sectors of the world market. This feat was achieved through the application of robust policies and a focus on innovation, which allowed companies in these countries to explore new technologies and markets, resulting in the significant generation of patents. Given this scenario, the present study set out to analyze the sectoral priorities of these nations and evaluate their dynamics in the Brazilian market. To carry out this analysis, patent application data obtained from the WIPO database was used, covering the period between 2001 and 2021. During this interval, a total of 48,866 patent applications were made, revealing the different sectors of interests of these countries on the Brazilian market, reflecting the technological domains prioritized by them in Brazil.Entre as nações mais inovadoras globalmente, a China, o Japão e a Coreia do Sul têm se destacado de forma notável nas últimas décadas, assumindo posições de liderança em diversos setores do mercado mundial. Esse feito foi alcançado por meio de aplicação de políticas robustas e de um enfoque em inovação, o que permitiu às empresas desses países explorarem novas tecnologias e mercados, resultando na geração significativa de patentes. Diante desse cenário, o presente estudo se propôs a analisar as prioridades setoriais dessas nações e a avaliar sua dinâmica no mercado brasileiro. Para realizar essa análise, foram utilizados dados de pedidos de patentes obtidos na base da WIPO, abrangendo o período entre 2001 e 2021. Durante esse intervalo, um total de 48.866 pedidos de patentes foram feitos, revelando os diferentes setores de interesses desses países sobre o mercado brasileiro, refletindo os domínios tecnológicos priorizados por estes no Brasil

Forecast of Stability of the Economy of the Russian Federation with the AI-System “Decision Tree” in a Cognitive Model

Increased use of modern mathematical algorithms based on artificial intelligence determined the relevance of this study, which is important for predicting the sustainable development of the country's economy in general and its banking sector in particular. To achieve the purpose of the research, the presented work used methods such as monographic, analytical, statistical, cognitive model, and artificial intelligence system "Random Forest". The aim of the study is to prove or disprove the hypothesis that, using a cognitive model, using the Random Forest ML model, it is possible to obtain an accurate forecast of the value of the "sustainability coefficient", reflecting the stability of the domestic economy. The scientific novelty of the study is due to the fact that the author's approach is proposed for indicating the crisis state of the economy through the calculation and neural network forecasting by the machine learning model "Random Forest" of the "Stability Coefficient" of the economy, which is calculated as the quotient of dividing the profit index of the banking system to the GDP growth index. The possibility of practical application in the banking sector determines the practical significance of the conducted scientific research since the approach proposed by the authors regarding the formation of a forecast of the “sustainability coefficient” can be successfully used to support managerial decision-making at the strategic level in the banking system. A hypothesis was put forward and proven that based on the use of a digital cognitive model and the Random Forest ML system, a forecast of economic stability can be successfully generated

China in South America: patents, herbicides, and genetically modified crops

La República Popular China ha venido aumentado el intercambio comercial de bienes y productos con América del Sur. En particular, los países del Mercosur se han convertido en uno de sus proveedores principales de agrocommodities, fundamentalmente de soja. Este cultivo está asociado al consumo creciente de agroinsumos chinos sujetos a derechos de propiedad intelectual. A partir de los datos disponibles de exportación de soja e importación de agroquímicos, y, por otro lado, de información sobre patentes de herbicidas y plantas de soja genéticamente modificadas (gm) autorizadas para su producción en el Mercosur, el artículo examina la relación comercial China-Mercosur. Entre los resultados obtenidos se destaca la estrecha correlación entre la autorización de dichas plantas y el aumento del número de patentes chinas de herbicidas, pero, fundamentalmente, que estas patentes preceden a la generación de los nuevos cultivos gm.The People’s Republic of China has been increasing its trade in goods and products with South America. In particular, the Mercosur countries have become one of its main suppliers of agro-commodities, mainly soybean. This crop is associated with the growing consumption of Chinese agro-inputs subject to intellectual property rights. The article analyses the China-Mercosur relationship based on the data available on soybean exports and agro-chemical imports, and drawing on information about herbicides and genetrically modified (gm) soy plants authorized to be produced in Mercosur countries. One of the study’s key findings is that a close connection exists between the authorization of these plants and the increasing number of Chinese herbicide patents, and most importantly, that these patents precede the generation of new gm crops