Large atom number dual-species magneto-optical trap for fermionic 6Li and 40K atoms

We present the design, implementation and characterization of a dual-species magneto-optical trap (MOT) for fermionic 6Li and 40K atoms with large atom numbers. The MOT simultaneously contains 5.2x10^9 6Li-atoms and 8.0x10^9 40K-atoms, which are continuously loaded by a Zeeman slower for 6Li and a 2D-MOT for 40K. The atom sources induce capture rates of 1.2x10^9 6Li-atoms/s and 1.4x10^9 40K-atoms/s. Trap losses due to light-induced interspecies collisions of ~65% were observed and could be minimized to ~10% by using low magnetic field gradients and low light powers in the repumping light of both atomic species. The described system represents the starting point for the production of a large-atom number quantum degenerate Fermi-Fermi mixture

An all-solid-state laser source at 671 nm for cold atom experiments with lithium

We present an all solid-state narrow line-width laser source emitting $670\,\mathrm{mW}$ output power at $671\,\mathrm{nm}$ delivered in a diffraction-limited beam. The \linebreak source is based on a fre-quency-doubled diode-end-linebreak pumped ring laser operating on the ${^4F}_{3/2} \rightarrow {^4I}_{13/2}$ transition in Nd:YVO$_4$. By using periodically-poled po-tassium titanyl phosphate (ppKTP) in an external build-up cavity, doubling efficiencies of up to 86% are obtained. Tunability of the source over $100\,\rm GHz$ is accomplished. We demonstrate the suitability of this robust frequency-stabilized light source for laser cooling of lithium atoms. Finally a simplified design based on intra-cavity doubling is described and first results are presented

Protecting Electricity Networks from Natural Hazards

This handbook supports OSCE participating States in better protecting critical electrical energy infrastructure from natural hazards. By providing risk management options, tools and case studies, it is designed as a guide for policy-makers, state authorities, transmission networks operators and regulators in charge of protecting energy networks. In recent years the risk of supra-national power blackouts in the OSCE area causing significant economic losses has increased. One contributing factor is that extreme weather conditions occur more frequently. Another is an increased connectivity of power and telecommunication infrastructures and a higher technical complexity of the grid due to a changing energy mix, leaving industrial and commercial companies, the public and the private sector at risk

Origins and Mechanisms of Social Influences in Couples: The Case of Retirement Decisions

The interdependence between partners raises considerable interest in the sociology of life course, work, and families. Partner influences play a particularly important role in the work domain, because each partner's work decisions have profound effects on the couple as a whole. In contrast to previous research, this article pays detailed attention to the role a partner plays in workers' labour market decisions by analysing the case of early retirement decisions. We hypothesized that partners' preferences for older workers' retirement originate from altruism and self-interest. Moreover, we expected that partners influence older workers' early retirement behaviour via persuasion and pressure. To adequately estimate partners' and workers' preferences for the worker's retirement, we used an instrumental variable approach. This was possible because we collected multi-actor longitudinal data from a large representative sample of older workers and their partners in the Netherlands. The results support that spousal preferences originate in altruism and self-interest and that partners influence workers through persuasion and pressure. Gender differences in origins and mechanisms of partner influence are also discussed

Why Singles Prefer to Retire Later

This study goes beyond a purely financial perspective to explain why single older workers prefer to retire later than their partnered counterparts. We aim to show how the work (i.e., its social meaning) and home domain (i.e., spousal influence) contribute to differences in retirement preferences by relationship status. Analyses were based on multiactor data collected in 2015 among older workers in the Netherlands (N = 6,357) and (where applicable) their spouses. Results revealed that the social meaning of work differed by relationship status but not always as expected. In a mediation analysis, we found that the social meaning of work partically explained differences in retirement preferences by relationship status. We also show that single workers preferred to retire later than workers with a “pulling” spouse, earlier than workers with a “pushing” spouse, and at about the same time as workers with a neutral spouse

Postretirement activity plans: The role of opportunity structure, partner support, and perception of time

Retirement is a major life course transition for which some people plan more than others. As planning positively affects retirement adjustment, it is important to investigate the heterogeneity in retirement planning and its antecedents. While financial preparation has been studied thoroughly, little is known about the activities older workers plan to do in retirement. We hypothesize that postretirement activity plans can be categorized into three types: transformative leisure, bridge employment, and interpersonal leisure. Moreover, we expect that these plans are affected by people’s opportunities, time perception, and partner support for these activities. We use data from the first wave of the NIDI Pension Panel Study (NPPS) to test these hypotheses. The NPPS consists of a sample of about 6,800 Dutch older workers who were asked about their plans to engage in 14 different activities upon retirement. Where relevant, partners of older workers were also surveyed, which provided multi-actor data for these couples (N = 4,409). Our results support the classification into three types of postretirement activity plans. Multivariate analyses show that the type of postretirement activities that older workers plan for is related to the opportunity structure facilitating continuity (e.g. number of pre-retirement leisure activities, number of social roles), support of the partner for engaging in these activities, and older workers perception of time (future time perspective and subjective life expectancy). Practically, our findings can help to identify older workers who might face a more difficult retirement transition, because they plan less for the psychosocial aspects of retirement