Trace Equivalence and Epistemic Logic to Express Security Properties

In process algebras, security properties are expressed as equivalences between processes, but which equivalence is suitable is not clear. This means that there is a gap between an intuitive security notion and the formulation. Appropriate formalization is essential for verification, and our purpose is bridging this gap. By chasing scope extrusions, we prove that trace equivalence is congruent. Moreover, we construct an epistemic logic for the applied pi calculus and show that its logical equivalence agrees with the trace equivalence. We use the epistemic logic to show that trace equivalence is pertinent in the presence of a non-adaptive attacker

Three- and Two-Photon NIR-to-Vis (Yb,Er) Upconversion from ALD/MLD-Fabricated Molecular Hybrid Thin Films

| openaire: EC/H2020/339478/EU//LAYERENG-HYBMATWe report blue, green, and red upconversion emissions with strongly angular-dependent intensities for a new type of hybrid (Y,Yb,Er)-pyrazine thin films realized using the atomic/molecular layer deposition thin-film fabrication technology. The luminescence emissions in our amorphous (Y,Yb,Er)-pyrazine thin films of a controllable nanothickness originate from three- and two-photon NIR-to-vis excitation processes. In addition to shielding the lanthanide ions from nonradiative de-excitation, the network of interconnected organic molecules serves as an excellent matrix for the Yb3+-to-Er3+ excitation energy transfer. This suggests a new approach to achieve efficient upconverting molecular materials with the potential to be used for next-generation medical diagnostics, waveguides, and surface-sensitive detectors.Peer reviewe