1,184 research outputs found
Do Defendants Have an Attorney When They Have a Public Defender
A Review of Counsel for the Poor: Criminal Defense in Urban America by Robert Hermann, Eric Single, and John Bosto
The U.S. Attorney Firings of 2006: Main Justice\u27s Centralization Efforts in Historical Context
The media, the political establishment, and the federal criminal jus-community\u27s focus on the compelling story of the firings is hardly surprising. The details emerged over a period of many months through leaks, internal Department of Justice (DOJ) emails, press releases, interviews, and dramatic congressional testimony. The media\u27s focus on the firings obscured their deeper significance with regard to the nature of the relations between the DOJ and its ninety-three United States Attorneys\u27 Offices (USAOs). This Article addresses this omission by looking at the consequences of these events for the balance struck between central control by Main Justice in Washington and autonomy for U.S. Attorneys in the field. The Article argues that the firings represent a departure from the historic balance of control as part of a broader effort by the DOJ to centralize operations and recapture some of the control Main Justice had lost over the past three decades
The U.S. Attorney Firings of 2006: Main Justice\u27s Centralization Efforts in Historical Context
The media, the political establishment, and the federal criminal jus-community\u27s focus on the compelling story of the firings is hardly surprising. The details emerged over a period of many months through leaks, internal Department of Justice (DOJ) emails, press releases, interviews, and dramatic congressional testimony. The media\u27s focus on the firings obscured their deeper significance with regard to the nature of the relations between the DOJ and its ninety-three United States Attorneys\u27 Offices (USAOs). This Article addresses this omission by looking at the consequences of these events for the balance struck between central control by Main Justice in Washington and autonomy for U.S. Attorneys in the field. The Article argues that the firings represent a departure from the historic balance of control as part of a broader effort by the DOJ to centralize operations and recapture some of the control Main Justice had lost over the past three decades
Nematic Fermi Fluids in Condensed Matter Physics
Correlated electron fluids can exhibit a startling array of complex phases,
among which one of the more surprising is the electron nematic, a
translationally invariant metallic phase with a spontaneously generated spatial
anisotropy. Classical nematics generally occur in liquids of rod-like
molecules; given that electrons are point-like, the initial theoretical
motivation for contemplating electron nematics came from thinking of the
electron fluid as a quantum melted electron crystal, rather than a strongly
interacting descendent of a Fermi gas. That such phases exist in nature was
established by dramatic transport experiments in ultra-clean quantum Hall
systems in 1999 and in Sr3Ru2O7 in a strong magnetic field in 2007.
In this paper, we briefly review the theoretical considerations governing
nematic order, summarize the quantum Hall and Sr3Ru2O7 experiments that
unambiguously establish the existence of this phase, and survey some of the
current evidence for such a phase in the cuprate and Fe-based high temperature
superconductors.Comment: 30 pages, 7 figures (some in color); to appear in Annual Reviews of
Condensed Matter Physics. Edited version
PRIMUS: The relationship between Star formation and AGN accretion
We study the evidence for a connection between active galactic nuclei (AGN)
fueling and star formation by investigating the relationship between the X-ray
luminosities of AGN and the star formation rates (SFRs) of their host galaxies.
We identify a sample of 309 AGN with erg
s at in the PRIMUS redshift survey. We find AGN in
galaxies with a wide range of SFR at a given . We do not find a
significant correlation between SFR and the observed instantaneous for
star forming AGN host galaxies. However, there is a weak but significant
correlation between the mean and SFR of detected AGN in star
forming galaxies, which likely reflects that varies on shorter
timescales than SFR. We find no correlation between stellar mass and
within the AGN population. Within both populations of star
forming and quiescent galaxies, we find a similar power-law distribution in the
probability of hosting an AGN as a function of specific accretion rate.
Furthermore, at a given stellar mass, we find a star forming galaxy
more likely than a quiescent galaxy to host an AGN of a given specific
accretion rate. The probability of a galaxy hosting an AGN is constant across
the main sequence of star formation. These results indicate that there is an
underlying connection between star formation and the presence of AGN, but AGN
are often hosted by quiescent galaxies
Explainable Prediction of Medical Codes from Clinical Text
Clinical notes are text documents that are created by clinicians for each
patient encounter. They are typically accompanied by medical codes, which
describe the diagnosis and treatment. Annotating these codes is labor intensive
and error prone; furthermore, the connection between the codes and the text is
not annotated, obscuring the reasons and details behind specific diagnoses and
treatments. We present an attentional convolutional network that predicts
medical codes from clinical text. Our method aggregates information across the
document using a convolutional neural network, and uses an attention mechanism
to select the most relevant segments for each of the thousands of possible
codes. The method is accurate, achieving precision@8 of 0.71 and a Micro-F1 of
0.54, which are both better than the prior state of the art. Furthermore,
through an interpretability evaluation by a physician, we show that the
attention mechanism identifies meaningful explanations for each code assignmentComment: NAACL 201
The Evolutionary Origin of the Runx/CBFbeta Transcription Factors – Studies of the Most Basal Metazoans
BACKGROUND. Members of the Runx family of transcriptional regulators, which bind DNA as heterodimers with CBFβ, are known to play critical roles in embryonic development in many triploblastic animals such as mammals and insects. They are known to regulate basic developmental processes such as cell fate determination and cellular potency in multiple stem-cell types, including the sensory nerve cell progenitors of ganglia in mammals. RESULTS. In this study, we detect and characterize the hitherto unexplored Runx/CBFβ genes of cnidarians and sponges, two basal animal lineages that are well known for their extensive regenerative capacity. Comparative structural modeling indicates that the Runx-CBFβ-DNA complex from most cnidarians and sponges is highly similar to that found in humans, with changes in the residues involved in Runx-CBFβ dimerization in either of the proteins mirrored by compensatory changes in the binding partner. In situ hybridization studies reveal that Nematostella Runx and CBFβ are expressed predominantly in small isolated foci at the base of the ectoderm of the tentacles in adult animals, possibly representing neurons or their progenitors. CONCLUSION. These results reveal that Runx and CBFβ likely functioned together to regulate transcription in the common ancestor of all metazoans, and the structure of the Runx-CBFβ-DNA complex has remained extremely conserved since the human-sponge divergence. The expression data suggest a hypothesis that these genes may have played a role in nerve cell differentiation or maintenance in the common ancestor of cnidarians and bilaterians.National Science Foundation (IBN-0212773, FP-91656101-0); Boston University SPRInG (20-202-8103-9); Israel Science Foundation (825/07
The Clustering of Luminous Red Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Imaging Data
We present the 3D real space clustering power spectrum of a sample of
\~600,000 luminous red galaxies (LRGs) measured by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
(SDSS), using photometric redshifts. This sample of galaxies ranges from
redshift z=0.2 to 0.6 over 3,528 deg^2 of the sky, probing a volume of 1.5
(Gpc/h)^3, making it the largest volume ever used for galaxy clustering
measurements. We measure the angular clustering power spectrum in eight
redshift slices and combine these into a high precision 3D real space power
spectrum from k=0.005 (h/Mpc) to k=1 (h/Mpc). We detect power on gigaparsec
scales, beyond the turnover in the matter power spectrum, on scales
significantly larger than those accessible to current spectroscopic redshift
surveys. We also find evidence for baryonic oscillations, both in the power
spectrum, as well as in fits to the baryon density, at a 2.5 sigma confidence
level. The statistical power of these data to constrain cosmology is ~1.7 times
better than previous clustering analyses. Varying the matter density and baryon
fraction, we find \Omega_M = 0.30 \pm 0.03, and \Omega_b/\Omega_M = 0.18 \pm
0.04, The detection of baryonic oscillations also allows us to measure the
comoving distance to z=0.5; we find a best fit distance of 1.73 \pm 0.12 Gpc,
corresponding to a 6.5% error on the distance. These results demonstrate the
ability to make precise clustering measurements with photometric surveys
(abridged).Comment: 23 pages, 27 figures, submitted to MNRA
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