1,777 research outputs found
Near-Infrared spectroscopy of the super star cluster in NGC1705
We study the near-infrared properties of the super star cluster NGC1750-1 in
order to constrain its spatial extent, its stellar population and its age. We
use adaptive optics assisted integral field spectroscopy with SINFONI on the
VLT. We estimate the spatial extent of the cluster and extract its K-band
spectrum from which we constrain the age of the dominant stellar population.
Our observations have an angular resolution of about 0.11", providing an upper
limit on the cluster radius of 2.85+/-0.50 pc depending on the assumed
distance. The K-band spectrum is dominated by strong CO absorption bandheads
typical of red supergiants. Its spectral type is equivalent to a K4-5I star.
Using evolutionary tracks from the Geneva and Utrecht groups, we determine an
age of 12+/-6 Myr. The large uncertainty is rooted in the large difference
between the Geneva and Utrecht tracks in the red supergiants regime. The
absence of ionized gas lines in the K-band spectrum is consistent with the
absence of O and/or Wolf-Rayet stars in the cluster, as expected for the
estimated age.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Research Note accepted in Astronomy and
Astrophysic
Near-Infrared-Spectroscopy with Extremely Large Telescopes: Integral-Field- versus Multi-Object-Instruments
Integral-field-spectroscopy and multi-object-spectroscopy provide the high
multiplex gain required for efficient use of the upcoming generation of
extremely large telescopes. We present instrument developments and designs for
both concepts, and how these designs can be applied to cryogenic near-infrared
instrumentation. Specifically, the fiber-based concept stands out the
possibility to expand it to any number of image points, and its modularity
predestines it to become the new concept for multi-field-spectroscopy. Which of
the three concepts --- integral-field-, multi-object-, or
multi-field-spectroscopy --- is best suited for the largest telescopes is
discussed considering the size of the objects and their density on the sky.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures (converted to bitmap), to appear in the
proceedings of the Workshop on Extremely Large Telescopes, Sweden, June 1-2,
1999, uses spie.sty (V0.91) and spiebib.bst (V0.91
A new era of spectroscopy: SINFONI, NIR integral field spectroscopy at the diffraction limit of an 8m telescope
SINFONI, the SINgle Faint Object Near-infrared Investigation, is an
instrument for the Very Large Telescope (VLT), which will start its operation
mid 2002 and allow for the first time near infrared (NIR) integral field
spectroscopy at the diffraction limit of an 8-m telescope. SINFONI is the
combination of two state-of-the art instruments, the integral field
spectrometer SPIFFI, built by the Max-Planck-Institut fuer extraterrestrische
Physik (MPE), and the adaptive optics (AO) system MACAO, built by the European
Southern Observatory (ESO). It will allow a unique type of observations by
delivering simultaneously high spatial resolution (pixel sizes 0.025arcsec to
0.25arcsec) and a moderate spectral resolution (R~2000 to R~4500), where the
higher spectral resolution mode will allow for software OH suppression. This
opens new prospects for astronomy.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, to appear in SPIE proceedings "Astronomical
Telescopes and Instrumentation 2000". More recent sensitivity estimates are
available at http://www.mpe.mpg.de/www_ir/ir_instruments/sinfoni/spiffi.ht
GCIRS16SW: a massive eclipsing binary in the Galactic Center
We report on the spectroscopic monitoring of GCIRS16SW, an Ofpe/WN9 star and
LBV candidate in the central parsec of the Galaxy. SINFONI observations show
strong daily spectroscopic changes in the K band. Radial velocities are derived
from the HeI 2.112 um line complex and vary regularly with a period of 19.45
days, indicating that the star is most likely an eclipsing binary. Under
various assumptions, we are able to derive a mass of ~ 50 Msun for each
component.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, ApJ Letters accepte
On the nature of the fast moving star S2 in the Galactic Center
We analyze the properties of the star S2 orbiting the supermassive black hole
at the center of the Galaxy. A high quality SINFONI H and K band spectrum
obtained from coadding 23.5 hours of observation between 2004 and 2007 reveals
that S2 is an early B dwarf (B0-2.5V). Using model atmospheres, we constrain
its stellar and wind properties. We show that S2 is a genuine massive star, and
not the core of a stripped giant star as sometimes speculated to resolve the
problem of star formation so close to the supermassive black hole. We give an
upper limit on its mass loss rate, and show that it is He enriched, possibly
because of the presence of a magnetic field.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, ApJ letters accepte
Depth-differentiated, multivariate control of biopore number under different land-use practices
Nematode communities, plant nutrient economy and life-cycle characteristics jointly determine plant monoculture performance over 12 years
Thorium and uranium isotopes in a manganese nodule from the Peru basin determined by alpha spectrometry and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS): Are manganese supply and growth related to climate?
Thorium- and uranium isotopes were measured in a diagenetic manganese nodule from the Peru basin applying alpha- and thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Alpha-counting of 62 samples was carried out with a depth resolution of 0.4 mm to gain a high-resolution230Thexcess profile. In addition, 17 samples were measured with TIMS to obtain precise isotope concentrations and isotope ratios. We got values of 0.06–0.59 ppb (230Th), 0.43–1.40 ppm (232Th), 0.09–0.49 ppb (234U) and 1.66–8.24 ppm (238U). The uranium activity ratio in the uppermost samples (1–6 mm) and in two further sections in the nodule at 12.5±1.0 mm and 27.3–33.5 mm comes close to the present ocean water value of 1.144±0.004. In two other sections of the nodule, this ratio is significantly higher, probably reflecting incorporation of diagenetic uranium. The upper 25 mm section of the Mn nodule shows a relatively smooth exponential decrease in the230Thexcess concentration (TIMS). The slope of the best fit yields a growth rate of 110 mm/Ma up to 24.5 mm depth. The section from 25 to 30.3 mm depth shows constant230Thexcess concentrations probably due to growth rates even faster than those in the top section of the nodule. From 33 to 50 mm depth, the growth rate is approximately 60 mm/Ma. Two layers in the nodule with distinct laminations (11–15 and 28–33 mm depth) probably formed during the transition from isotopic stage 8 to 7 and in stage 5e, respectively. The Mn/Fe ratio shows higher values during interglacials 5 and 7, and lower ones during glacials 4 and 6. A comparison of our data with data from adjacent sediment cores suggests (a) a variable supply of hydrothermal Mn to sediments and Mn nodules of the Peru basin or (b) suboxic conditions at the water sediment interface during periods with lower Mn/Fe ratios
Ca isotope fractionation of inorganic, biologically induced and biologically controlled calcium carbonates
Model for Kinetic Effects on Calcium Isotope Fractionation (d44Ca) in Inorganic Aragonite and Cultured Planktonic Foraminifera
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