Evaluation and Optimization of System Performance using HFO-mix Refrigerants for VRF and Mini-split Air-Conditioner

Global demand for air conditioning is expected to increase continuously. In order to minimize the impact on the climate as a total amount of CO2 equivalent, it is essential to continue to search for better refrigerants. On the other hand, product size and cost are important factors in providing value to users. This time, while using the experiment result of the mini-split type air-conditioner reported in the past, in addition, we conducted a new experiment on multi-type VRF air-conditioner. Then, the difference in COP performance between R-410A and alternative candidate refrigerants was evaluated. In addition, we studied the product design using R-452 B, R-454 B by simulation and compare the size when the performance is made identical by changing the system specifications with alternative refrigerant candidates. As a result, common results were obtained in both systems. It was found that R-452B and R-454B have better performance than R-410A. On the other hand, it was found that these refrigerants need to increase both the indoor heat exchanger and the outdoor heat exchanger to 120% in order to obtain the same performance as R-32

Magnetic dichroism in angular-resolved hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy from buried layers

This work reports the measurement of magnetic dichroism in angular-resolved photoemission from in-plane magnetized buried thin films. The high bulk sensitivity of hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) in combination with circularly polarized radiation enables the investigation of the magnetic properties of buried layers. HAXPES experiments with an excitation energy of 8 keV were performed on exchange-biased magnetic layers covered by thin oxide films. Two types of structures were investigated with the IrMn exchange-biasing layer either above or below the ferromagnetic layer: one with a CoFe layer on top and another with a Co$_2$FeAl layer buried beneath the IrMn layer. A pronounced magnetic dichroism is found in the Co and Fe $2p$ states of both materials. The localization of the magnetic moments at the Fe site conditioning the peculiar characteristics of the Co$_2$FeAl Heusler compound, predicted to be a half-metallic ferromagnet, is revealed from the magnetic dichroism detected in the Fe $2p$ states

Nonuniform Slant Correction Using Dynamic Programming

Slant correction is an indispensable technique for handwritten word recognition systems. Conventional slant correction techniques estimate the average slant angle of component characters and then correct the slant uniformly. Thus these conventional techniques will perform successfully under the assumption that each word is written with a constant slant. However, it is more widely acceptable assumption that the slant angle fluctuates during writing a word. In this paper, a nonuniform slant correction technique is presented where the slant correction problem is formulated as an optimal estimaiton problem of local slant angles at all horizontal positions. The optimal estimation is governed by a criterion function and several constraints for the global and local validity of the local angles. The optimal local slant angles which maximize the criterion satisfying the constraints are searched for efficiently by a dynamic programming based algrithm. Experimental results show the advantageous characteristics of the present technique over the uniform slant correction techniques. 1

Real-time hybrid angular-interrogation surface plasmon resonance sensor in the near-infrared region for wide dynamic range refractive index sensing

Abstract Herein, we integrated angle-scanning surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and angle-fixed SPR as a hybrid angular-interrogation SPR to enhance the sensing performance. Galvanometer-mirror-based beam angle scanning achieves a 100-Hz acquisition rate of both the angular SPR reflectance spectrum and the angle-fixed SPR reflectance, whereas the use of near-infrared light enhances the refractive index (RI) sensitivity, range, and precision compared with visible light. Simultaneous measurement of the angular SPR reflectance spectrum and angle-fixed SPR reflectance boosts the RI change range, RI resolution, and RI accuracy to 10–1–10–6 RIU, 2.24 × 10−6 RIU, and 5.22 × 10−6 RIU, respectively. The proposed hybrid SPR is a powerful tool for wide-dynamic-range RI sensing with various applications