WITHDRAWN: Overview of dengue virus infection in Saudi Arabia

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Decreasing SGPT level and macrophage activity through CD68 expression in the Balb/c mice (Mus musculus) liver infected with Salmonella typhi after treating with atung seeds (Parinarium glaberimmun Hassk)

Normally macrophages are always in the body and spread in various body tissues such as liver tissue (Kupffer cells). Macrophages in tissue can be identified by the expression of several markers, in humans the marker is CD68. The increase and decrease in macrophage activity in the liver can also be indicated by an increase in SGPT levels so that atung seeds have the ability to inhibit the growth of S. tyhpi bacteria which contain tannin compounds which can damage microbial cell walls and form bonds with microbial functional proteins so that bacterial growth is inhibited. The purpose of this study was to determine the SGPT levels and macrophage activity. The method used is laboratory experiment. The results showed an increase in SGPT levels in the positive control (87.00 ± 2,915) and a concentration of 25% (84.20 ± 3,962) and a decrease in SGPT levels in the negative control (50.80 ± 2.168 *), 50% concentration (78.20 ± 3.114 *) and concentrations. 75% (58.20 ± 3,834), decreased macrophage activity in the liver also occurred at a concentration of 50% and at a concentration of 75%, the liver was normal, which was indicated by the resulting brown expressio

COMPARISON OF SCIENCE LEARNING RESULTS USED E-LEARNING AND ZOOM APPLICATIONS IN DISTANCE LEARNING AT SMP N 9 AMBON

The development of information and communication technology at this time is very rapid. This can be seen from the increasingly sophisticated communication and information tools such as mobile phones and computers. Mobile phones that used to only feature telephones, now they are very developed to the point of 4G technology that can speed up the flow of delivery. In help students in the learning process of SMP N 9 AMBON, they use 2 applications, namely the E-Learning application and the Zoom application. This study uses quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. Data about the observations were analyzed qualitatively. Student learning outcomes data were analyzed quantitatively by calculating the average score, standard deviation, median, highest score, and lowest score, this study also used inferential analysis techniques used to test research hypotheses. Based on the results of research and data analysis, for students who were given the treatment of learning models using the Zoom application, the results obtained were the average value of 47.5 out of a maximum score of 100. Based on the results of research and data analysis, for students who were given the treatment of learning models using the E-Learning application, the results obtained were the average value of 45.71 from a maximum score of 100

Head of State Criminal Responsibility for Environmental War Crimes: Case Study: The Arabian Gulf Armed Conflict 1990-1991

This paper aims to provide a comparative study of the existing international criminal law framework and its relation to environmental protection during armed conflict. To approach this objective, the study will review the environmental crisis that occurred during the armed conflict in the Arabian Gulf in 1990-1991 as a case study for determining whether the international community adequately responds to these events. Thus, this study is divided into five main parts. Part I assesses the justifications for a remedy, the criminal remedy, that is more adequate than the United Nations remedy taken toward Saddam Hussein’s actions against the environment, a civil remedy. Part II grapples with when the criminal remedy is warranted. Part III deals with the substantive aspects of international criminal prosecution. Part IV reviews procedural issues pertaining to international criminal prosecution. Part V examines the criminal remedy before interested national judicial bodies, the Kuwaiti and the Iraqi legal systems

IDENTIFICATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AND BENEFITS IN THE VILLAGE OF NEGERI LIMA, MALUKU DISTRICT

Backgraound: Medicinal plants are the biodiversity that exists around us, both those that grow wild and those that are deliberately cultivated. For generations, plants have been used as medicinal plants. The largest part of medicinal raw materials derived from plants is still not cultivated, while opportunities for agribusiness have the potential to increase the opportunities and possibilities open for medicinal products. Methods: The aim of the research is to find out the types of medicinal plants and find out how the community perceives the benefits of medicinal plants in the village of Negeri Lima. Maluku. The material used in this research is a questionnaire or questionnaire. The research uses the Guttman scale by distributing questionnaires to respondents which are used to find scores, percent scores, total scores, and percent ideal scores, the results of which are converted into score interpretation criteria. Results: The research results showed that the criteria distributed to respondents were very good with the highest total score being 90% and the lowest being 10%. Conclusion: As a result of the identification carried out, 20 types of medicinal plants were identified which were spread across Negeri Lima Village, Central Maluku. Analysis of questionnaires distributed to the public to measure public perceptions by distributing questionnaires used the Guttman scale from question no. 1 - 5, it is known that the highest percentage is 90% and the lowest percentage is 10%. Meanwhile, the results of the analysis of attitude question items to measure public perception from question no. 6 - 10 has the highest percentage, namely 80% and the lowest percentage, namely 20%

Insights into gastrointestinal virome : etiology and public exposure

Funding: The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding this work through research group no. RG-1441-492.Recycled wastewater is widely used owing to the potential shortage of water resources for drinking purposes, recreational activities, and irrigation. However, gut microbiomes of both human beings and animals negatively affect this water quality. Wastewater contamination is continuously monitored, using fecal contamination indicators or microbial source tracking approaches, to oppose arising enteric infections. Viral gastroenteritis is considered a principal manifestation of waterborne pathogenic virome-mediated infections, which are mainly transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Furthermore, acquired enteric viromes are the common cause of infantile acute diarrhea. Moreover, public exposure to wastewater via wastewater discharge or treated wastewater reuse has led to a significant surge of public health concerns. In this review, we discussed the etiology of waterborne enteric viromes, notably gastrointestinal virus infections, and public exposure to municipal wastewater. Conclusively, the early human virome is affected mainly by birth mode, dietary behavior, and maternal health, and could provide a signature of disease incidence, however, more virome diversification is acquired in adulthood. A multi-phase treatment approach offered an effective means for the elimination of wastewater reuse mediated public risks. The insights highlighted in this paper offer essential information for defining probable etiologies and assessing risks related to exposure to discharged or reused wastewater.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

ALIGNMENT DAN ANALISIS KEKERABATAN RAYAP COPTOTERMES FORMOSANUS (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) PADA HABITAT YANG BERBEDA DENGAN SOFTWARE BIOEDIT DAN MEGA 6 (STUDI PUSTAKA DNA SEKUENSING DARI NCBI)

Background: Bioinformatics is a science that can relate information which includes molecular biology, biochemical structure, enzymatic, cell biology, physiology and pathology by using a computerized system based on data that has been collected. Methods: sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree construction of DNA sequences registered at NCBI in the subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki that lives in different habitats, namely in Mississippi, Southeast Asia, and China using Bioedit and MEGA software. Results: Sequence alignment showed that termite C. formosanus isolated from MS12 gene COII (FJ870577.1) in the Mississippi area had a base pair of 790 bp, termite C. formosanus isolated from Dinghu Mountain gene COII (KU257993.1) in China has a base pair of 779 bp, and the termite C. formosanus isolated from CF003JP gene COII (EF379943.1) in Southeast Asia has a base pair of 676 bp. The construction of the phylogenetic tree shows that the termite C. formosanus isolated from Dinghu Mountain gene COII (KU257993.1) in the China region has a close kinship with the termite C. formosanus isolated from CF003JP gene COII (EF379943.1) in the Southeast Asia region, while The termite C. formosanus isolated from MS12 gene COII (FJ870577.1) in the Mississippi area is distantly related to C. formosanus (KU257993.1) from China and C. formosanus (EF379943.1) from Southeast Asia. Conclusion: Mississippi has a base pair of 790 bp, termite C. formosanus isolated from Dinghu Mountain gene COII (KU257993.1), China has a base pair of 779 bp, and termite C. formosanus isolated from CF003JP gene COII (EF379943.1), Southeast Asia has a base pair of 676 bp. China is closely related to the termite C. formosanus isolated from COII gene CF003JP (EF379943.1), Southeast Asia, while the termite C. formosanus isolated from MS12 gene COII (FJ870577.1), Mississippi is distantly related to C. formosanus (KU257993.1) from China and C. formosanus (EF379943.1) from Southeast Asia

Guilty Plea agreements in the United States of America: Study the Possibility of their application in the State of Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates First Section

In the first section of this study, this study reviews the concept of Guilty Plea Agreements. In addition, this reviews the conditions of validity of these agreements in light of constitutional and legal terms

Guilty Plea Agreements in the United States of America: Study on the Possibility of their Application in the State of Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates

The second section of this study, it reviews the possibility of the application of the Guilty Plea Agreements in the Kuwaiti and UAE legal systems

PROFIL STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS LAMUN DI PERAIRAN PANTAI KELAPA INDAH DESA MAHU KECAMATAN SAPARUA TIMUR SEBAGAI SUMBER PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI

Background: Seagrass is a higher plant (Anthophyta) that lives and grows immersed in the marine environment; have vessels, have rhizomes, have roots, and reproduce generatively (seeds) and vegetatively. Seagrass is one of the natural resource ecosystem plants that lives in shallow waters and has many benefits for biota associated with the surrounding environment. Several studies related to seagrass ecosystems have been carried out in Maluku waters, but there are no records regarding the structural profile of seagrass communities on Saparua Island. Methods: This research is descriptive research. Descriptive research is used to reveal information about hydrological conditions, species composition, species diversity. This research was conducted in the waters of Kelapa Indah Beach, Mahu Village, Saparua District Results: The conditions of environmental physical and chemical factors with a temperature of 280C, salinity 31 ‰, pH 7.3, and Dissolved Oxygen 6 mg/L in the waters of Mahu village are sufficient to support the growth and spread of seagrass. Composition of the types of seagrass found in the coastal waters of Mahu village are 5 types and Conclusion: The level of seagrass diversity in Mahu village waters is classified as moderate