Case studies: results and synthesis projet 7FP CLOSER (Connecting LOng and Short-distance networks for Efficient Transport) Rapport de recherche Deliverable 5.2 project européen CLOSER.

The CLOSER project has been set to analyse the interfaces and interconnectionsbetween long distance transport networks and local/regional transport networks of allmodes. The project is funded within the Seventh Framework Programme of theEuropean Commission, under the topic TPT-2008.0.0.13 “New mobility/organisationalschemes: interconnection between short and long-distance transport networks”.The objective of WP5 of CLOSER is to accomplish in-depth case studies to deepenand validate the understanding of results obtained in Work packages 2, 3 and 4. Thiswill be achieved by:- Developing a joint assessment and evaluation framework for the case studies,incorporating knowledge that has been obtained in WP 2, WP 3 and WP 4- Carrying out the case studies- Synthesising the results of the case studies in order to give inputs for thedevelopment of recommendations in WP 6.The deliverable at hand summarises the seven case studies that have been conductedin the CLOSER project: Leipzig-Halle airport (Germany) Armentiéres station (France) Oslo bus terminal Vaterland (Norway) Port of Helsinki (Finland) Thessaloniki port (Greece) Constantza port (Romania) Vilnius Airport (Lithuania

A Socio-economic Analysis of Harmonizing the Dimensions of Lorries and Loading Docks in Norwegian Cities – Costs, BenefIts and Logistic Efficiency

In several Norwegian cities there exists the potential for increasing the efficiency of cargo deliveries by reducing the time spent on loading and unloading for each delivery. As Norway lacks regulations harmonizing the dimensions of lorries to the dimensions of loading docks, drivers are often forced to load and unload their cargo on-street instead of onto loading docks. On-street unloading leads to increased walking distances for drivers, which increases time spent unloading the delivery and thus the delivery cost. In addition, on-street unloading may affect other road users such as pedestrians, cyclists, cars and public transportation. Harmonization of the dimensions of lorries and loading docks could therefore potentially reduce both delivery costs and external effects. This paper looks into a methodological framework for social cost benefit-analyses of harmonizing the dimensions of lorries and loading docks in urban areas. The framework is universal in the sense that it is valid and can be used for evaluations of measures in different cities, however it is based on local data. The innovative part is that the adapted cost benefit-analyses methodology is used on measures connected to urban freight distribution. Another innovative aspect of using the social cost-benefit methodology is the effects of measures quantified in monetary terms. This makes it possible to rank measures tested and evaluated. The framework is tested on scenarios of current interest to be implemented by using data from the central parts of Oslo, limited by the orbital road, Ring 2. Estimations are made using four scenarios; two for estimating the effects of lorry size restrictions, and two focusing on dimensioning of loading docks. The study revealed a lack of relevant data, especially as regards loading docks. The framework can be used for similar analyses in other city areas, based on local data. An important recommendation for improving the quality of future analyses is to ensure data collection from concrete actions directed at cargo distribution in city areas

Comparing Deliveries to On-street Consignees and Consignees Located at Shopping Centers

The main contribution of this paper is three-fold. First, it maps the delivery structure for on-street consignees and consignees located at shopping centers. In general, micro-data regarding urban freight is sparse, thus this survey greatly contributes to the general knowledge about number of deliveries and number of freight vehicles in Oslo. This information is important to take into account for bottom-up calculations of traffic impacts. This includes private costs of freight, but also socio-economic external costs related to local and global emissions, noise, increased congestion and increased chances of traffic accidents. Second, through surveys amongst employees and drivers, car counts and GPS data, we have identified and quantified an important cost difference between on-street consignees and consignees at shopping centers, namely the increased cost due to lower capacity for on-street consignees. The expected additional cost per vehicle related to low capacity is estimated to be NOK 49 (the additional cost per delivery will obviously depend on number of deliveries per vehicle). This is important information from a policy perspective, and suggests that both (1) increasing capacity for on-street deliveries in the city center and (2) facilitating for shopping centers with dedicated unloading spaces will reduce both private costs for transport operators and consignees, and external costs related to emissions and congestion. Third, we give recommendations for mitigating the problem of space restrictions for on-street deliveries in the city center. This approach consist of two elements: (1) deliveries before or after stores’ opening hours and (2) deliveries to a buffer storage location with a dedicated unloading space

Private public collaboration on logistics in Norwegian cities

This paper presents conclusions from a survey among urban freight actors in the four biggest cities in Norway (Oslo, Bergen, Stavanger and Trondheim). The survey focus on logistic operations and transport decisions affecting the city logistics. In the studied cities we found that there is lack of emphasis on urban logistics and urban freight transport planning. The survey indicates that the missing focus on logistic activities is due to lack of co-ordination among actors involved in urban logistics, and often insufficient dialogue between city authorities and private actors who operate in the cities. Representatives from the industries do not always understand the municipal planning processes and on which level of bureaucracy the plans are accomplished. To solve challenges a suggestion related to urban logistics and collaboration among private and public actors is to develop structured Urban Logistic Plans. A part of such plans should be the involvement of all stakeholders in the exploitation and processes of development. The stakeholders must also be involved in policy development and strategic planning processes. The survey indicates that congestion and access to centrally located loading and unloading zones are the biggest problem for freight transport in Norwegian urban areas. From the industry, there is a request that loading and unloading zones must be incorporated as part of land use plans. It was also stressed that local authorities must include plans for goods deliveries in line with services from taxi and public transport in sustainable urban mobility plans (SUMPs)

Calculating Emissions Along Supply Chains: Is Standardisation For A Global Approach Within Reach?

Problems with carbon footprinting initiatives remain in terms of comparability, transparency and accuracy of these carbon footprint calculations. This paper will present progress towards a unified approach to carbon footprinting of supply chains

Green urban distribution : evaluation of adapted measures for the city of Oslo

The paper presents results from a study of urban freight measures in the city of Oslo. More specifically, it presents methods and results from an ex ante study of seven potential city logistics measures. The study is based on a survey among 67 representatives from three stakeholder groups. Furthermore, a generic ex post evaluation framework is presented, and an example of how the framework has been applied to evaluate a demonstration of electric distribution vehicles. The study gives explicit and systematic documentation of multiple stakeholder perceptions related to several measures in urban freight. Only a few studies have done so previously. The measure assessed most positively is environmentally friendly vehicles. The ex post evaluation of demonstrated electric vehicles suggests that electric vans can serve parts of the express shipment market very well with their existing range. Removing uncertainties related to their performance and financial viability is an important task for further take-up of these vehicles. The study provides a basis for designing viable and effective measures in order to achieve more environmentally-friendly and effective freight distribution in the city center of Oslo. Also important is the methodology providing a systematic and informed approach to policy design and implementation. As such, the study is useful to other cities and scientists in search for viable and efficient measures in specific local contexts. Green Urban Distribution: Evaluation of adapted measures for the city of Oslo. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275889293_Green_Urban_Distribution_Evaluation_of_adapted_measures_for_the_city_of_Oslo [accessed Jan 18, 2016]

Green urban distribution : evaluation of adapted measures for the city of Oslo

The paper presents results from a study of urban freight measures in the city of Oslo. More specifically, it presents methods and results from an ex ante study of seven potential city logistics measures. The study is based on a survey among 67 representatives from three stakeholder groups. Furthermore, a generic ex post evaluation framework is presented, and an example of how the framework has been applied to evaluate a demonstration of electric distribution vehicles. The study gives explicit and systematic documentation of multiple stakeholder perceptions related to several measures in urban freight. Only a few studies have done so previously. The measure assessed most positively is environmentally friendly vehicles. The ex post evaluation of demonstrated electric vehicles suggests that electric vans can serve parts of the express shipment market very well with their existing range. Removing uncertainties related to their performance and financial viability is an important task for further take-up of these vehicles. The study provides a basis for designing viable and effective measures in order to achieve more environmentally-friendly and effective freight distribution in the city center of Oslo. Also important is the methodology providing a systematic and informed approach to policy design and implementation. As such, the study is useful to other cities and scientists in search for viable and efficient measures in specific local contexts. Green Urban Distribution: Evaluation of adapted measures for the city of Oslo. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275889293_Green_Urban_Distribution_Evaluation_of_adapted_measures_for_the_city_of_Oslo [accessed Jan 18, 2016].Green urban distribution : evaluation of adapted measures for the city of OslosubmittedVersio