Total Synthesis of Solandelactone I

Since the marine natural products solandelactones A–I were isolated from the hydroid Solanderia secunda and investigated by Seo et al. in 1996, considerable synthetic efforts toward these marine oxylipins followed. However, the structure elucidation of solandelactone I remained incomplete, and no synthesis has been reported. On the basis of our retrosynthetic analysis, the key building blocks were combined in a Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction to create two common intermediates for the stereodivergent synthesis of all four diastereomers 1–4 matching the proposed structure of solandelactone I. Comparison of the published analytical data of natural product solandelactone I and data obtained from the synthetic endeavor toward diastereomers 1–4 enabled the structure assignment of isomer 3; the proposed biosynthetic pathway for marine oxylipins also supports the result

Total Synthesis of Solandelactones A and B

The total synthesis of solandelactones A and B is presented. The eastern cyclopropyl moiety was prepared following an exceptionally short chemoenzymatic approach whereas enantioselective synthesis of the western side-chain relied on the application of diastereomerically pure allyl boronates. The natural products solandelactones A and B were isolated in good overall yields following convergence of each eastern and western element by application of the Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi reaction

Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma in Older Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis From the German Hodgkin Study Group

Purpose Progression or relapse of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is common among older patients. However, prognosis and effects of second-line treatment are thus far unknown. Patients and Methods We investigated second-line treatment and survival in older patients with progressive or relapsed HL. Patients treated within German Hodgkin Study Group first-line studies between 1993 and 2007 were screened for refractory disease or relapse (RR-HL). Patients with RR-HL age 60 years at first-line treatment were included in this analysis. Results We identified 105 patients (median age, 66 years); 28%, 31%, and 41% had progressive disease, early relapse, or late relapse, respectively. Second-line treatment strategies included intensified salvage regimens (22%), conventional polychemotherapy and/or salvage-radiotherapy with curative intent (42%), and palliative approaches (31%). Median overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort was 12 months; OS at 3 years was 31% (95% CI, 22% to 40%). A prognostic score with risk factors (RFs) of early relapse, clinical stage III/IV, and anemia identified patients with favorable and unfavorable prognosis ( one RF: 3-year OS, 59%; 95% CI, 44% to 74%; two RFs: 3-year OS, 9%; 95% CI, 1% to 18%). In low-risk patients, the impact of therapy on survival was significant in favor of the conventional polychemotherapy/salvage radiotherapy approach. In high-risk patients, OS was low overall and did not differ significantly among treatment strategies. Conclusion OS in older patients with RR-HL can be predicted using a simple prognostic score. Poor outcome in high-risk patients cannot be overcome by any of the applied treatment strategies. Our results might help to guide treatment decisions and evaluate new compounds in these patients