Survey on possibility of broodstocking from wild P. monodon in Chabahar region

In last decade the policy of shrimp culture development changes to an important economic and social pole in country. This industry need to research and innovation. The P. monodon is the biggest and largest shrimp (prawn) as known shrimp. This reason says that the culture of P. monodon is more benefit. This shrimp has reported from Guatr Gulf, Pasabandar and Bris costal area of Chabahar region. After catching around 100 pieces of P. monodon in 1999 by fishermen of mentioned area, we decided to write down a project to survey on possibility of broodstok for P. monodon in 2001. In this order we start trolling in Guatr Gulf, Pasabandar and Bris and studied the presence of monodon. During trolling we did not receive sufficient shrimp because of inconveniencing them by trolling net. This less number caused that we could not breed the P. monodons

Probiotic administration of Litopenaeus vannamei: Is there any negative effect on the fatty acid profile of meat?

It has been found that appropriate probiotic applications increased growth performance and disease resistance in shrimp. Bacillus subtilis has been suggested as a potent probiotic in improving growth performance and enhancing immune response in white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possible effect of B. subtilis administration on the meat fatty acid profile of white shrimp, L. vannamei. Two groups of shrimps received B. subtilis strains L10 and G1 from the B. subtilis-supplemented feed (10^5 and 10^8 CFU g^-1) while two other groups received it from the rearing water (10^5 and 10^8 CFU ml^-1). One group received no B. subtilis and served as control. According to the results, there was no significant difference between the muscle fatty acid profiles of shrimps administrated by probiotic and control group. This study showed that B. subtilis administration, in either diets or water, did not have any negative effect on fatty acid profiles of L. vannamei meat

First record of Goniozus legneri (Hym.: Bethylidae), the larval ectoparasitoid of carob moth, in Iran

A larval parasitoid of carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller), was collected in pomegranate orchards in Fars province, Iran, during 2009-2010. This parasitoid, which is newly recorded from Iran, was identified as Goniozus legneri Gordh (Hym.: Bethylidae) by J. de Rond (Lelystad, The Netherlands)

The study of nutrition and feeding position of shrimp, cultured in IRAN

The culture of Iranian Shrimps began in Bushehr in 1372. Early the green or the pink tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) which were found in most habitats of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea were considered in breeding and reproduction, but due to reproduction difficulties, it was rather replaced by the Monodun imported species, then the production of the white shrimp Metapenaeus affinis and Then P.merguensis in some southern areas of the country such as Hormozgan has began in small scale,but none of these species couldn't meet the economical needs of the consumer society and they were not indelible and dominant enough in the shrimp aquaculture industry of the country until breeding of Indian White Shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) has began in large scale in the provinces of Khuzestan and Bushehr, which are seen as the heart of shrimps reproduction and breeding, and in Hormozgan and Sistan. the incidence of white spot viral syndrome (White Spot Syndrom Virus) led to the import of the western white leg shrimp from the USA (P.vannameii) by the Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO) in 1383, at the present all southern and northern breeding farms of the country (fundamental measures has been carried out in line of shrimp reproduction in Gorgan province in 1386) has put the breeding of this shrimp species as the single breeding species at top of their agenda. The subject of feeding the breeding shrimps is widespread and regarding to the non-proprietary species there are still some species which contain high protein than the other species in studying the different shrimp species requirements. In Iran due to the scarce factories producing the shrimp's food, the alimentary compound of the breeding shrimps during industrializing years of this type of breeding even after the non-aboriginal western white leg shrimp species being inclusive was stable and through different biological processes including: Naplies which feeds from its yalk and by entry into zoa stage start eating only small-sized phytoplankton. And by entry into the stage between zoa and mysis it feeds from phyto and zooplankton simultaneously and entering the post-larva stage it stars sarcophagi. and after 15 post-larva stage entering the growth and transition stage to earthen ponds feeding by concentrated industrial foods in large and small packages depending on young and adult mouth and due to feeding requirements of every stage the alimentary compound is nearly as follows: Digestible protein, energy, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals will start and the final product will be released in market Or they will be used in the later years of laying eggs and feeding for brood stock. In feeding section the details of every stage and their food's nutritional needs at each stage and will be fully described

Apparent digestibility coefficients and nutritional value of Iranian cottonseed meal varieties for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Three different varieties of cottonseed meal (CSM) were evaluated to measure the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of the nutrients using chromic oxide (Cr2O3) as an indigestible marker. Five experimental diets were prepared and mixed with 1% of Cr2O3, 2% of mineral and vitamin each of which were premixed. Diet 1 was used as the control diet. Diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were formulated using 70% of the control diet together with 30% of each of the cottonseed meal Pak (CSMP), cottonseed meal Sahel (CSMS), cottonseed meal Akra (CSMA), and soya bean meal (SBM), respectively, in three replications. The ADC of the three CSM varieties was measured to be 53.8-62.7%, 60.2-66.6% and 75.6-82.4% for dry matter, fat and crude protein, respectively. Survival rate for all fishes used in this study was more than 98%. Fishes fed with the CSM diets were not significantly different compared with those fed with the SBM diet in terms of survival rate (p>0.05). Apparent protein digestibility of CSMP and CSMS showed no significant difference with SBM (p>0.05). Therefore, it could be concluded that two kinds of CSM could be used as a replacement for SBM in rainbow trout as a protein source

Effect of using various amounts of patin (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fish oil on physical and chemical properties of moisturizing hand cream

Hand cream is used for rehydrating and improving skin properties. The skin is the first point of contact with the environment. Thus having healthy skin with proper barrier properties is quite important. The beneficial effects of fish oil on skin make it a favorable ingredient to be used in hand care products. In the present study, the efficacy and stability of various hand cream formulations using 0, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0% of fish oil were investigated and compared. The appearance, odor, texture, and pH of formulations containing 1 and 2.5% of fish oil remained stable in very good qualities during the storage, whereas the related values to the appearance and texture of formulation containing 5.0% of fish oil at the end of 6 months of storage at 45°C were significantly (p<0.05) lower than other formulations and previous evaluations of this formulation. Weight loss was not observed in all formulations under study

The influence of environmental parameters on fish larval distribution and abundance in the mangrove estuarine area of Marudu Bay, Sabah, Malaysia

The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of selected environmental parameters on the fish larval distribution and abundance between October 2012 and September 2013 in the Mangrove estuarine area of Marudu bay, Sabah, Malaysia. Fish larvae samples were collected monthly using plankton net of 350 m of mesh size with a mouth opening of 40.5 cm in diameter through 20 min surface tows. Five different stations were chosen in this study. In total 3,879 larvae, belonging to 20 families were recorded, with a mean abundance of 118 larvae per 100 m3 . Among 20 families, top four families such as Sillaginidae (44%), Engraulidae (14%), Mugilidae (12%) and Sparidae (10%) occurred consistently around the year in the study areas. Sillaginidae was the most abundant larval fish families. In situ environmental parameters such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, pH and conductivity were recorded during the sampling times. Significant variations were found in the environmental parameters among the five stations except DO and pH (p < 0.05). It is revealed that mainly four families (centriscidae, Engraulidae, Mugilidae, and Sillaginidae) were significantly influenced by the abiotic factors. Of the environmental parameters recorded, salinity appeared to be the main factor affecting the distribution and abundance of Mugilidae families. Overall, regression analysis test indicated a weak overall correlation between larval assemblage and environmental parameters in the estuary of Marudu Bay

Effect of artemia density on cyst yields of fertilized ponds

One of the effective factors in cyst production on Artemia culture ponds is the number of oviparous females and density of biomass in view of adult's weight per liter of ponds water. In this study, the effect of oviparous female's abundance (Reproductive Females lit^-1) on daily cyst yields with using the ANOVA and correlation Analytical method were assayed. The result indicated that, with presence the small number of oviparous females (less than five Ind lit^-1) and Artemia density (between 0/1 to 0/2g/ lit) on culture ponds, the cyst yields at first sixty days culture period (160 Kg.dw/ha) were more than yields that harvested at three months later (47 Kg.dw/ha) and on the second three months of cultural period despite of presence the larger number of oviparous females (more than twenty Ind/lit) and presence the same Artemia population density, the daily cyst yields was declined.(Sig=0.000)

Refined oil production from patin catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) by-products

In this study, oil was extracted from the liver and visceral fat of Patin (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and refined. The yield of oil after refining was 49.98%. The major yield loss (34.20%) happened during the degumming procedure. Fatty acids found in the crude and refined oil were C12:0, C14:0, C14:1, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C18:4, C20:0, C20:1, C20:4, C20:5, and C22:6. The dominant saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were C16:0, C18:1 n-9, and C18:2 n-6, respectively. The total amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids did not change significantly during refining procedure (p>0.05), whereas the total amount of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids changed significantly (p<0.05). The n-3 to n-6 ratios of crude, degummed, neutralized, bleached, and deodorized oils were 1.11, 1.06, 1.05, 1.02, and 1.01, respectively

Proximate and fatty acid composition of liver and fatty tissue of patin catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

The visceral storage fat and liver of patin catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) are normally discarded, which incurs cost and can cause environmental pollution. However, these may be potential sources to extract fish oil. The proximate and fatty acid compositions of liver and fatty tissue of patin catfish were investigated to evaluate the suitability of these by-products for extracting fish oil. Fat was extracted using a low temperature solvent extraction method. The average fat content of fatty tissue and liver of females were 77.64 and 11.71%, respectively, whereas in males this was 73.23 and 9.59%, respectively. Fatty acids found in the extracted oil of these byproducts were C12:0, C14:0, C14:1, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C18:4, C20:0, C20:1, C20:4, C20:5, and C22:6. The major fatty acids presented in these tissues were palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1 n-9), and linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6). The total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids of liver from male and female patin catfish were 13.31 and 13.30%, respectively, whereas in the fatty tissue these were 11.64 and 12.09%, respectively. The n-3 to n-6 ratios of liver and fatty tissue of females were 1.61 and 0.95, respectively, whereas in male fish these were 1.31 and 1.05, respectively. Results of this study indicated that the liver and fatty tissues of patin catfish are suitable sources of fish oil specifically due to the presence of monounsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids