Investigations in chemical rocket propulsion Final report, 1 Jul. 1964 - 31 Dec. 1967

Heat and mass transfer characteristics of liquid film cooling, optimum thrust nozzle contours, liquid propellant combustion processes and ignition of solid propellant

Chapter 11 Liquidations and the Termination of Collective Bargaining Agreements

(Excerpt) Section 1113 of the Bankruptcy Code governs the modification or rejection of a collective bargaining agreement (“CBA”) by a chapter 11 trustee or debtor-in-possession. To modify or reject a CBA, a trustee or debtor-in-possession must (1) make a proposal to the union which provides the “necessary modifications in the employees benefits and protections that are necessary to permit the reorganization of the debtor”; (2) provide the union with relevant information as is necessary to evaluate the proposal; and (3) meet with the union and confer in good faith. For the modification or rejection to take place, the union must refuse to accept the trustee’s or debtor-in-possession’s proposal without good cause and the balance of the equities must clearly favor the modification or rejection of the agreement. While it is clear that section 1113 applies in chapter 11 cases in which the debtor’s reorganizing, it is unsettled as to whether section 1113 applies in chapter 11 cases in which the debtor is liquidating. Moreover, in chapter 11 liquidations it is also unclear as to how a court should apply section 1113

Application of Ablation to a High Chamber Pressure Rocket Engine

Ablation cooling in rocket engine with combustion chamber liner and nozzle constructed of silica phenolic ablative materia

Musings of a Sixth Grader

Creative writing is an unfolding process which I firmly believe is a must in every classroom. It is the heart of the language arts program and is an effective therapeutic device for the re-enforcement of a child\u27s innermost feelings

Implementation of Critical Path Method and Critical Resource Diagramming Using Arena Simulation Software

A relatively new resource management tool, which considers both time and resource requirements, is Critical Resource Diagramming (CRD). CRD is a simple extension to the CPM technique developed for resource management purposes. It is a graphical tool used mainly for resource scheduling. The purpose of this study is to use the Arena simulation software and CRD to solve problems. This will be accomplished by setting up an example problem in the simulation program, Arena, and the CRD approach will be used as a deterministic and probabilistic problem. The Arena output results for the deterministic parts of the example were compared to the output that was done by hand and the values obtained were exactly the same. Thus, Arena can be used as an effective and accurate management tool for resource scheduling. The probabilistic results of the Arena output show that if the user does not know the exact time of the process, that a distribution can be used to give results. All the user would have to know is the approximate process time, what distribution the process times will follow, and the standard deviation of the distribution. Arena is both easy and a user-friendly simulation software, thus providing a very simple and important tool in the area of project management. In summary, the research reported here has made a significant contribution in enhancing the CPM method and applying the CRD method to a new applicatio

Liberal international environmental justice and foreign direct investment at the International Finance Corporation

2012 Summer.Includes bibliographical references.In recent years there have been broad and important debates about whether international environmental justice is attainable within the liberal model. This issue warrants examination, particularly in a context which reflects the strongest possible potential for liberal claims. An especially potent commendation of the liberal model is found in North-to-South foreign direct investment, where liberal advocates identify investment as a key strategy to improve the life chances of the poor. However, foreign direct investment today reflects in many cases dimensions of injustice as between investor and affected populations. Such injustices arise in particular where an investment project taps into local resources such as land, air, water, precious metals, and so on without sufficient participation by affected persons in the benefits of such resource access. These sorts of inequities are especially troubling where the investor originates in one of the wealthier countries of the global North and the recipient country and affected population resides in the global South. This study attempts to then answer the question: may such injustices be remediated within the scope of a liberal model of economic activity and development? That is, can liberal prescriptions for justice be satisfied by liberal economic precepts and patterns? The study first posits a social liberal amendment to dominant contemporary neoliberal understandings. The analysis then turns to the World Bank Group's International Finance Corporation as a potential best-case example of efforts to render North-South foreign direct investment more environmentally sound. In particular, the study asks whether the policies and programs of the International Finance Corporation may be fairly seen to accommodate liberal justice precepts. Culling the existing literature, and employing evidence gleaned from documentary analysis and in-person interviews, the study asks whether the International Finance Corporation is durably engaged in advancing international environmental justice in financed projects. Through a deconstruction of International Finance Corporation documents and case studies of a purposive sample of recently-financed projects the study asks whether there is more going on at the International Finance Corporation than mere environmental window-dressing. The analysis shows that a social liberal international environmental justice is being advanced, but not evenly. The study concludes that a stronger implementation of international environmental justice is possible within the social liberal model, but that improvements are needed

Solar Concentrator Advanced Development Program

The Solar Concentrator Advanced Development Project has successfully designed, fabricated, and tested a full scale prototypical solar dynamic concentrator for space station applications. A Truss Hexagonal Panel reflector was selected as a viable solar concentrator concept to be used for space station applications. This concentrator utilizes a modular design approach and is flexible in attainable flux profiles and assembly techniques. The detailed design of the concentrator, which included structural, thermal and optical analysis, identified the feasibility of the design and specific technologies that were required to fabricate it. The needed surface accuracy of the reflectors surface was found to be very tight, within 5 mrad RMS slope error, and results in very close tolerances for fabrication. To meet the design requirements, a modular structure composed of hexagonal panels was used. The panels, made up of graphite epoxy box beams provided the strength, stiffness and dimensional stability needed. All initial project requirements were met or exceeded by hardware demonstration. Initial testing of structural repeatability of a seven panel portion of the concentrator was followed by assembly and testing of the full nineteen panel structure. The testing, which consisted of theodolite and optical measurements over an assembly-disassembly-reassembly cycle, demonstrated that the concentrator maintained the as-built contour and optical characteristics. The facet development effort within the project, which included developing the vapor deposited reflective facet, produced a viable design with demonstrated optical characteristics that are within the project goals

Estrogen-treated rats alter salt intake after repeated episodes of dietary sodium deficiency

Background: Sex differences in sodium intake are apparent; however, estrogen's role in these differences is currently unclear. Previous studies examining repeated episodes of furosemide-induced sodium depletion showed that while stimulated salt intake was similar between males and females, there were clear sex differences in sodium intake after rats were sodium replete. We aimed to further elucidate the long-term effects of estrogen on sodium intake using repeated episodes of a low salt diet, a more physiological challenge.Methods: Ovariectomized rats were placed on two-week periods of access to regular chow (NaR) or sodium deficient chow (NaD), which we alternated for a total of two exposures to each diet. Estrogen benzoate (EB) or oil injections were given twice weekly throughout the experiment. At the end of each diet period, rats were given a 2-hour two-bottle test (water and 0.5 M NaCl). At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed and trunk blood was collected and centrifuged to collect plasma. Plasma protein levels were measured. Uteri were collected and 1 cm segments of the uterine horns were weighed.Results: We confirmed the efficacy of EB treatment via effects on body weight, uterine weight, and plasma proteins. Specifically, EB-treated rats maintained body weight throughout the experiment, with the expected transient decreases corresponding to the EB injection schedule, while oil-treated rats gained weight. In addition, both plasma proteins and uterine weights were greatly increased in EB-treated rats compared to oil-treated rats. During two-bottle tests, both EB- and oil-treated rats had similar baseline intakes of 0.5 M NaCl and water. When salt intake was stimulated by dietary sodium deficiency, both EB- and oil-treated rats drank similarly increased amounts of 0.5 M NaCl. Interestingly, EB- treated rats drank more 0.5 M NaCl and water than did oil-treated rats following return to regular chow. The second period of dietary sodium deficiency again elicited similar intakes of 0.5 M NaCl and water by EB- and oil-treated rats.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that estrogen did not alter salt intake induced by the physiological challenge, dietary sodium deficiency. However, the low salt diet led to persistent changes in behavior, as demonstrated by the continued consumption of salt and water by EB-treated rats even after sodium repletion