Health Effects of Temporary Jobs in Europe

Over the last two decades, temporary employment has gained importance in the European Union. The implications of this development for the health of the workforce are not yet established. Using a unique individual-level data set for 27 European countries, this paper evaluates whether temporary employment is interrelated with self-assessed health. We find pronounced differences in self-assessed health by employment status across European countries. Furthermore, in the EU full-time permanent employed workers report the best health, followed by temporary and part-time employed workers. These differences largely vanish, when taking into account the potential endogeneity between employment status and self-assessed health. However, repeated temporary contracts have a significant negative impact on health.Temporary employment; fixed-term contracts; self-assessed health

Self-regulated AGN feedback of light jets in cool-core galaxy clusters

Heating from active galactic nuclei (AGN) is thought to stabilize cool-core clusters, limiting star formation and cooling flows. We employ radiative magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to model light AGN jet feedback with different accretion modes (Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton and cold accretion) in an idealised Perseus-like cluster. Independent of the probed accretion model, accretion efficiency, jet density and resolution, the cluster self-regulates with central entropies and cooling times consistent with observed cool-core clusters in this non-cosmological setting. We find that increased jet efficiencies lead to more intermittent jet powers and enhanced star formation rates. Our fiducial low-density jets can easily be deflected by orbiting cold gaseous filaments, which redistributes angular momentum and leads to more extended cold gas distributions and isotropic bubble distributions. In comparison to our fiducial low momentum-density jets, high momentum-density jet heats less efficiently and enables the formation of a persistent cold-gas disc perpendicular to the jet that is centrally confined. Cavity luminosities measured from our simulations generally reflect the cooling luminosities of the intracluster medium (ICM) and correspond to averaged jet powers that are relatively insensitive to short periods of low-luminosity jet injection. Cold gas structures in our MHD simulations with low momentum-density jets generally show a variety of morphologies ranging from discy to very extended filamentary structures. In particular, magnetic fields are crucial to inhibit the formation of unrealistically massive cold gas discs by redistributing angular momentum between the hot and cold phases and by fostering the formation of elongated cold filaments that are supported by magnetic pressure.Comment: 24 pages, 13 figures, submitted to MNRS. Comments welcome

Leptospirosis in Urban Wild Boars, Berlin, Germany

We found antibodies to leptospires in 25 (18%) of 141 wild boars from Berlin (95% confidence interval 12–25). Seropositivity was associated with chronic interstitial nephritis (odds ratio 10.5; p = 0.01), and leptospires were detected in kidney tissues. Wild boars represent a potential source for human leptospirosis in urban environments

Qualifikation + Leiharbeit = Klebeeffekt? Die (Wieder-)Eingliederung benachteiligter Jugendlicher in den Arbeitsmarkt

Wie gelingt es, gering qualifizierte Jugendliche in den Arbeitsmarkt zu integrieren? Wie können deren Motivation und deren Kompetenzen verbessert werden? Kann eine intelligente Kombination von Zeitarbeit, Qualifizierung und individuellem Coaching arbeitslosen Jugendlichen den Weg in reguläre Beschäftigung ebnen? Diesen Fragen widmete sich ein wissenschaftlich begleitetes Modellprojekt, das die Bundesagentur für Arbeit gemeinsam mit einem überregionalen Leiharbeitsunternehmen in mehreren SGB-IIArbeitsgemeinschaften durchgeführt hat. Die Ergebnisse der Wirkungsanalysen und Implementationsstudien sind in diesem Band dokumentiert. Die Studie vermittelt dabei wichtige Erkenntnisse über die Chancen und Probleme, die aus einer Public Private Partnership im Bereich der Arbeitsmarktpolitik erwachsen.The anthology documents a model project, the aim of which was to integrate young people with placement difficulties into the labour market by introducing a combination of contract work placements, qualification phases and individual coaching. The project was realised in several SGB-II-ARGEn in cooperation with a supra-regional contract work company. The introductory location analyses offer an overview of the situation and development of local labour markets in the areas researched. The subsequent implementation studies describe the synergy of the elements temporary work, qualification and coaching in practice. Furthermore, the authors investigate the influence of these measures on the motivation and competences of the young people who participated in the project. This results in the generation of a typology which reflects how the young people from different social backgrounds deal with the requirements and provisions of the measures. Finally, the impact of the project is analysed

Qualifikation + Leiharbeit = Klebeeffekt? Die (Wieder-)Eingliederung benachteiligter Jugendlicher in den Arbeitsmarkt

Wie gelingt es, gering qualifizierte Jugendliche in den Arbeitsmarkt zu integrieren? Wie können deren Motivation und deren Kompetenzen verbessert werden? Kann eine intelligente Kombination von Zeitarbeit, Qualifizierung und individuellem Coaching arbeitslosen Jugendlichen den Weg in reguläre Beschäftigung ebnen? Diesen Fragen widmete sich ein wissenschaftlich begleitetes Modellprojekt, das die Bundesagentur für Arbeit gemeinsam mit einem überregionalen Leiharbeitsunternehmen in mehreren SGB-IIArbeitsgemeinschaften durchgeführt hat. Die Ergebnisse der Wirkungsanalysen und Implementationsstudien sind in diesem Band dokumentiert. Die Studie vermittelt dabei wichtige Erkenntnisse über die Chancen und Probleme, die aus einer Public Private Partnership im Bereich der Arbeitsmarktpolitik erwachsen.The anthology documents a model project, the aim of which was to integrate young people with placement difficulties into the labour market by introducing a combination of contract work placements, qualification phases and individual coaching. The project was realised in several SGB-II-ARGEn in cooperation with a supra-regional contract work company. The introductory location analyses offer an overview of the situation and development of local labour markets in the areas researched. The subsequent implementation studies describe the synergy of the elements temporary work, qualification and coaching in practice. Furthermore, the authors investigate the influence of these measures on the motivation and competences of the young people who participated in the project. This results in the generation of a typology which reflects how the young people from different social backgrounds deal with the requirements and provisions of the measures. Finally, the impact of the project is analysed

Active galactic nucleus jet feedback in hydrostatic halos

Feedback driven by jets from active galactic nuclei is believed to be responsible for reducing cooling flows in cool-core galaxy clusters. We use simulations to model feedback from hydrodynamic jets in isolated halos. While the jet propagation converges only after the diameter of the jet is well resolved, reliable predictions about the effects these jets have on the cooling time distribution function only require resolutions sufficient to keep the jet-inflated cavities stable. Comparing different model variations, as well as an independent jet model using a different hydrodynamics code, we show that the dominant uncertainties are the choices of jet properties within a given model. Independent of implementation, we find that light, thermal jets with low momentum flux tend to delay the onset of a cooling flow more efficiently on a $50$ Myr timescale than heavy, kinetic jets. The delay of the cooling flow originates from a displacement and boost in entropy of the central gas. If the jet luminosity depends on accretion rate, collimated, light, hydrodynamic jets are able to reduce cooling flows in halos, without a need for jet precession or wide opening angles. Comparing the jet feedback with a `kinetic wind' implementation shows that equal amounts of star formation rate reduction can be achieved by different interactions with the halo gas: the jet has a larger effect on the hot halo gas while leaving the denser, star forming phase in place, while the wind acts more locally on the star forming phase, which manifests itself in different time-variability properties.Comment: 21 pages, 20 figures, submitted to MNRAS, comments welcom