Survey on Acceptance and Practice of Exclusive Breast Feeding in selected Quarters in Auchi Community

Breast milk is the easiest, most nutritious, and healthy form of food for all infants for healthy growth and especially in their cognitive development and helps in fighting against some diseases, and reduces infant mortality during childbirth. Previous studies have shown that there is a high rate of breastfeeding but the rate of EBF is relatively low. This study is a cross-sectional descriptive study that surveyed the responses of 604 mothers who have breastfed and currently breastfeeding of which the majority of them are multipara. Aside Igbei Quarter which had already been covered, the other four quarters namely Akpekpe, Utsogun, Iyekhei, and Aibotse were demarcated into smaller enumeration areas for ease of coverage. A listing of the residential buildings was done and structured questionnaires on the acceptance and practice of exclusive breastfeeding were administered to females of childbearing age who have given birth at one point in time. Of a total of the 604 females, 500 (82.8%) of the women received teachings on EBF at different times and through different mediums while only 104 (17.2%) did not receive teaching on EBF. It is expected that having educated more of the mothers on EBF, a very large proportion if not all will accept and practice EBF, however, our result showed that 376 (62.3%) accepted and practice EBF, while 228 (37.7%) did not practice EBF. Despite the high rate of breastfeeding in the quarters, the acceptance and practice of EBF is relatively low less than 70%. Therefore, there is a need and call for holistic interventions aimed at improving the knowledge and practice of EBF in the study community. Keywords: Breast milk, Exclusive breastfeeding, cognitive, infant mortality DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/14-8-05 Publication date:May 31st 202

Least Square Approximation of Percentage Body Fat for Black Women

This work analyzes the least square model describing the response variable (Percentage Body Fat) with twoindependent variables, the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the Skin-fold. We show that with little disturbance of themodel, generated six parameters were obtained which approximate the percentage body fat. The result obtainedfrom MATLAB inbuilt function was compared with that of MAPLE programming and the approximation of themodel was significantly equal. We also considered the goodness of fit test, the test hypothesis at five percentlevel of significance for z, z and z- Ù. It was discovered that it was a good fit for the three values of Z. Thesignificance of the test shows that z, z and z- Ùwhere less than the critical points, hence falls within theacceptance region of the 2tab c .Key words: Body Mass index, Skin-fold, percentage body fat, essential body fat, storage body fat, bioelectricalimpedance analysis

The effect of culture on Corporate Governance Practices in Nigeria

This study focuses on the effect of culture on the application of corporate governance practices in Nigeria. Corporate governance has been receiving serious attention in emerging markets over the past two decades. But relatively little attention has been given to the study on corporate governance in a country study. The current situations in Nigerian public and private sectors such as the corporate scandal resulting from Lever Brothers Nigeria plc, Siemens, Shell, Halliburton, and Cadbury Nigeria plc, have shown that the issue of fraud, corruption, and corporate scandals cannot be overlooked. Most top management, as this study argues, bring in beliefs acquired from their early childhood into their senior management roles and responsibilities. This study adopts a grounded theory and reports on the effect of culture on the implementation of corporate governance in Nigeria. Based on the interview with 32 staffs, this study identifies the effect of culture that shapes corporate governance and they include abuse of power by top management, weak legal framework, poor recruitment and ineffective control. Although having efficient corporate governance is worth pursuing, this depends on the power of top management, the strength of internal control procedures and the legal framework put in place by management

Análise da complexidade, estratégias e aprendizagem em projetos de melhoria contínua: estudos de caso em empresas brasileiras Analysis of complexity, strategies, and learning organization in continuous improvement processes: case studies in brazilian companies

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar projetos de melhoria contínua desenvolvidos por empresas industriais brasileiras com base na abordagem/programa da Manutenção Produtiva Total (Total Productive Maintenance, TPM) e da Qualidade Total (Total Quality Management, TQM). As variáveis estudadas nas análises dos projetos foram as seguintes: i) complexidade dos projetos; ii) seus objetivos específicos; iii) as estratégias competitivas relacionadas; iv) o aprendizado organizacional obtido; e v) as ferramentas e os principais pilares do TPM implementados. Selecionou-se para estudo projetos considerados de sucesso por suas empresas. Ao todo, analisaram-se 42 projetos de 12 diferentes empresas que representaram diversos segmentos industriais do Brasil. Os resultados indicaram correspondência entre a natureza do projeto, em termos da sua complexidade e estrutura organizacional, com a estratégia competitiva adotada.<br>This paper analyses the major goals and results of TPM and TQM processes in companies that adopt these approaches. The main variables considered in this study were: i) complexity of the projects developed by the companies; ii) projects´ specific goals iii) relationship between the projects and the company's strategy; iv) relationship between projects and continuous improvement and organizational learning; v) tools and TPM concepts that support the projects. A descriptive research was carried out using field research strategies. Forty-two processes adopted by 12 companies were analyzed in this study. The processes implemented were considered successful by the companies that adopt them and by outside specialists. The results indicated close relationship between the project`s nature (its complexity and team structure) and the company`s strategy, project goals and organizational learning

BJS commission on surgery and perioperative care post-COVID-19

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020 and global surgical practice was compromised. This Commission aimed to document and reflect on the changes seen in the surgical environment during the pandemic, by reviewing colleagues experiences and published evidence. Methods: In late 2020, BJS contacted colleagues across the global surgical community and asked them to describe how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had affected their practice. In addition to this, the Commission undertook a literature review on the impact of COVID-19 on surgery and perioperative care. A thematic analysis was performed to identify the issues most frequently encountered by the correspondents, as well as the solutions and ideas suggested to address them. Results: BJS received communications for this Commission from leading clinicians and academics across a variety of surgical specialties in every inhabited continent. The responses from all over the world provided insights into multiple facets of surgical practice from a governmental level to individual clinical practice and training. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered a variety of problems in healthcare systems, including negative impacts on surgical practice. Global surgical multidisciplinary teams are working collaboratively to address research questions about the future of surgery in the post-COVID-19 era. The COVID-19 pandemic is severely damaging surgical training. The establishment of a multidisciplinary ethics committee should be encouraged at all surgical oncology centres. Innovative leadership and collaboration is vital in the post-COVID-19 era