Effects of amitraz on insulin and glucagon secretion

http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/4046294

Study of output difference of two different ionization chambers for large fields used in radiotherapy

Many radiotherapy centers don't pay attention to effect of ionization champers type on accuracy of quality control measurements. They use any available ionization champers in all quality control and data entry measurements (1,2) . Many studies were carried out in this field to compare different ionization champers in small fields but large fields were not completely compared before (3.4).  The aim of this work is to compare   output factor in large field using two different sizes ionization champers connected to electrometer. Final out put were obtained from the farmer and smidflex dosimeter irradiated with 6 MV photon beams. Important field side ranging from 20 cm to 70 cm side field is measured in whole body radiation (5, 6). For all examined large  field sizes a difference ranging from 1% to 5 % was found when added to other calibration errors it will exceeds the acceptable margin. The largest difference was found in field side 70 cm this may be due to large scattering radiatio

Using Agency Theory in Understanding Switching Behavior in B2B Service Industries “I”

Understanding switching behavior is a cornerstone in sustaining customer led marketing efforts especially in services which depend on long-term relationships with the customers and where the switching process is compound and costly for both the customer and the service provider. The issue of understanding the motives and barriers behind agency-brand switching behavior still needs further conceptual support and empirical investigation in service industries context, where the emphasis placed on investigating the actual switching motives without trying to conceptualize the issue, which if done will result in better understanding for the whole switching process. In this paper, the authors attempt to bridge this gap in the literature by examining the criterion validity of the switching behavior model using the agency theory, as the relation between the business company (principle) and an Advertising agency (the agent) could be described as agency relationship. Furthermore, this approach helps in supporting the efforts for retaining the business-to-business customers, strengthening the relationship with them, developing and adopting globally integrated customer led strategies in different countries, a trend which is expected to dominate the marketing field in the future due to the increasing role of the agency brand selection and switching in today’s world markets.Brand switching, agency theory, business to business marketing, service marketing, international advertising research

Arginine vasopressin-induced glucagon release: interaction with glucose and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase

The first study purpose was to investigate the glucose dependency of arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced insulin, glucagon and somatostatin release from the perfused rat pancreas. AVP (30 or 300 pmol/L) was tested in the presence of glucose concentrations of 0, 1.4, 5.5 (basal level), or 20 mmol/L. The findings from this study suggested that AVP may increase insulin and glucagon release by a direct action on beta- and alpha-cells, respectively. These increases are glucose-dependent; the higher the glucose concentration, the greater the enhancement of AVP-induced insulin release. In contrast, the lower the glucose concentration, the greater the enhancement of AVP-induced glucagon release. AVP not only can enhance glucose-induced insulin release, but also can initiate insulin release. alpha-cells are much more sensitive to AVP than beta-cells in hormone release. Furthermore, our results confirmed the previous findings that hypoglycemia directly increases glucagon and decreases insulin release.;The second study purpose was to characterize the mechanisms by which cAMP/PKA enhances AVP-induced glucagon release and provide further details in the intracellular molecular components involved in this enhancement, particularly at the level of exocytosis. Increasing intracellular cAMP levels by forskolin or IBMX enhanced AVP-induced glucagon release from the perfused rat pancreas and the clonal alpha-cells InR1G9. cAMP/PKA did not increase [Ca 2+]i nor did it;enhance AVP-induced [Ca2+]i increase. Forskolin and IBMX enhanced AVP-induced glucagon release in Ca2+-containing but not in Ca2+-free medium. InR1G9 cells were loaded with styryl dye FM1-43 to measure the size of readily releasable pool (RRP). The combination of AVP and forskolin induced higher increase in fluorescence intensity than AVP or forskolin alone, which reflects an increase in the size of the RRP. Secretory granules in the reserve pool (RP) are thought to be reversibly connected to the actin-based cytoskeleton by synapsin I. Pretreatment with antisynapsin I antibody abolished the effect of forskolin/AVP-induced glucagon release. In addition, FM1-43 loading experiments showed that synapsin I is involved in recruitment of secretory granules from RP to RRP. Our results suggested that cAMP, acting through PKA, increases the number of secretory granules in the RRP by mobilization of granules from the RP, an action mediated by synapsin I

Investigating the Impact of Different Representations of Data on Neural Network and Regression

In this research the impact of different data representation on the performance of neural network and regression was investigated on different datasets that has binary or Boolean class target. In addition, the performance of particular predictive data mining model could be affected with the change of data representation. The seven data representations that have been used in this research are As - Is, Min Max normalization, standard deviation normalization, sigmoidal normalization, thermometer representation, flag representation and simple binary representation. Moreover, all data representations have been applied on two datasets which are Wisconsin breast cancer and German credit dataset. As a result, the neural network performance is better than logistic regression on both datasets if we exclude the thermometer and flag representations. For datasets having a binary or Boolean target class, flag or thermometer binary representation is recommended to be used if logistic regression analysis is performed. Meanwhile, As-is representation, min max normalization, standard deviation normalization or sigmoidal normalization is recommended for neural network analysis on datasets having binary or Boolean target class

Evaluate the Efficiency of Gamma Irradiation and Chitosan on Shelf-Life of Strawberries Fruits

Chitosan play an important role as an antifungal against Botrytis cinerea and the effect was a concentration dependent. The obtained results of in vitro experiment demonstrated that chitosan (4%) decreased radial growth of B. cinereato 2 %. Invivo the severity of infection reduced from 59.8 and 100.0 to 9.7, 33.8 and 40.1 in first, second and third week's storage periods at 13C, respectively. Also, chitosan coating (4%) significantly caused an increase in fruit firmness whereas TSS was decreased with an increase by increasing in storage time. However,Vitamin C gave fluctuated results by increasing storage time. Gamma irradiation at 2.5 KGy reduced severity (%) of infected fruits from 55.5, 100 and 100 to 31.7, 45.9 and 49.9 and in healthy fruits severity (%) reduced from 48.9, 100 and 100 to 23.3, 25.1 and 29.1 in different storage periods 1, 2 and 3 weeks, respectively. Similarly, chitosan as well as gamma irradiation combination induced a significant increase of peroxidase enzyme (POD) activity. Induced changes in surface morphology and damage of cell structure caused by using chitosan shown by scanning electron microscopy. Also, gamma irradiation causes changes in hyphea structure and in surface morphology but combination of gamma irradiation with chitosan was more effective in altering fungus morphology and cell structure damage and no spore forming. This providing the efficiency of combination on reducing disease severity (%) of strawberry

Pelvic Lymphadenectomy in the Treatment of Invasive Bladder Cancer: Literature Review

The standard surgical treatment of invasive bladder cancer is the radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND). Up to one-third of patients with invasive bladder cancer have lymph node metastasis. Thus, PLND has important therapeutic and prognostic benefits. The number of lymph nodes that should be removed and the extent of the PLND are still a controversial issue. Recently, the trend of PLND increased toward more extended PLND. Several prognostic factors related to PLND were reported in the literature. In this paper, we will discuss the different PLND templates, number of lymph nodes that should be resected, lymph node density, lymphovascular invasion, tumor burden, extracapsular extension, and the aggregate lymph node metastasis diameter