1,805 research outputs found
Boundary effects on one-particle spectra of Luttinger liquids
We calculate one-particle spectra for a variety of models of Luttinger
liquids with open boundary conditions. For the repulsive Hubbard model the
spectral weight close to the boundary is enhanced in a large energy range
around the chemical potential. A power law suppression, previously predicted by
bosonization, only occurs after a crossover at energies very close to the
chemical potential. Our comparison with exact spectra shows that the effects of
boundaries can partly be understood within the Hartree-Fock approximation.Comment: 4 pages including 4 figures, revised version, to be published in
Phys. Rev. B, January 200
From Tomonaga-Luttinger to Fermi liquid in transport through a tunneling barrier
Finite length of a one channel wire results in crossover from a
Tomonaga-Luttinger to Fermi liquid behavior with lowering energy scale. In
condition that voltage drop mostly occurs across a tunnel barrier inside
the wire we found coefficients of temperature/voltage expansion of low energy
conductance as a function of constant of interaction, right and left traversal
times. At higher voltage the finite length contribution exhibits oscillations
related to both traversal times and becomes a slowly decaying correction to the
scale-invariant dependence of the conductance.Comment: 12 pages of RevTex file and 1 PS file figur
Phase diagram and hidden order for generalized spin ladders
We investigate the phase diagram of antiferromagnetic spin ladders with
additional exchange interactions on diagonal bonds by variational and numerical
methods. These generalized spin ladders interpolate smoothly between the
chain with competing nn and nnn interactions, the chain with
alternating exchange and the antiferromagnetic chain. The Majumdar-Ghosh
ground states are formulated as matrix product states and are shown to exhibit
the same type of hidden order as the af chain. Generalized matrix product
states are used for a variational calculation of the ground state energy and
the spin and string correlation functions. Numerical (Lanczos) calculations of
the energies of the ground state and of the low-lying excited states are
performed, and compare reasonably with the variational approach. Our results
support the hypothesis that the dimer and Majumdar-Ghosh points are in the same
phase as the af chain.Comment: 23 pages, REVTEX, 7 figure
Spin Susceptibility and Superexchange Interaction in the Antiferromagnet CuO
Evidence for the quasi one-dimensional (1D) antiferromagnetism of CuO is
presented in a framework of Heisenberg model. We have obtained an experimental
absolute value of the paramagnetic spin susceptibility of CuO by subtracting
the orbital susceptibility separately from the total susceptibility through the
Cu NMR shift measurement, and compared directly with the theoretical
predictions. The result is best described by a 1D antiferromagnetic
Heisenberg (AFH) model, supporting the speculation invoked by earlier authors.
We also present a semi-quantitative reason why CuO, seemingly of 3D structure,
is unexpectedly a quasi 1D antiferromagnet.Comment: 7 pages including 4 tables and 9 figure
Ghost spins and novel quantum critical behavior in a spin chain with local bond-deformation
We study the boundary impurity-induced critical behavior in an integrable
SU(2)-invariant model consisting of an open Heisenberg chain of arbitrary
spin- (Takhatajian-Babujian model) interacting with an impurity of spin
located at one of the boundaries. For or , the
impurity interaction has a very simple form which
describes the deformed boundary bond between the impurity and the
first bulk spin with an arbitrary strength . With a weak
coupling , the impurity is completely compensated,
undercompensated, and overcompensated for , and as in the
usual Kondo problem. While for strong coupling , the
impurity spin is split into two ghost spins. Their cooperative effect leads to
a variety of new critical behaviors with different values of .Comment: 16 pages revtex, no figur
Climate change in the oceans: evolutionary versus phenotypically plastic responses of marine animals and plants
I summarize marine studies on plastic versus adaptive responses to global change. Due to the lack of time series, this review focuses largely on the potential for adaptive evolution in marine animals and plants. The approaches were mainly synchronic comparisons of phenotypically divergent populations, substituting spatial contrasts in temperature or CO2 environments for temporal changes, or in assessments of adaptive genetic diversity within populations for traits important under global change. The available literature is biased towards gastropods, crustaceans, cnidarians and macroalgae. Focal traits were mostly environmental tolerances, which correspond to phenotypic buffering, a plasticity type that maintains a functional phenotype despite external disturbance. Almost all studies address coastal species that are already today exposed to fluctuations in temperature, pH and oxygen levels. Recommendations for future research include (i) initiation and analyses of observational and experimental temporal studies encompassing diverse phenotypic traits (including diapausing cues, dispersal traits, reproductive timing, morphology) (ii) quantification of nongenetic trans-generational effects along with components of additive genetic variance (iii) adaptive changes in microbe–host associations under the holobiont model in response to global change (iv) evolution of plasticity patterns under increasingly fluctuating environments and extreme conditions and (v) joint consideration of demography and evolutionary adaptation in evolutionary rescue approaches
Scaling behavior of impurities in mesoscopic Luttinger liquids
Using a functional renormalization group we compute the flow of the
renormalized impurity potential for a single impurity in a Luttinger liquid
over the entire energy range - from the microscopic scale of a lattice-fermion
model down to the low-energy limit. The non-perturbative method provides a
complete real-space picture of the effective impurity potential. We confirm the
universality of the open chain fixed point, but it turns out that very large
systems (10^4-10^5 sites) are required to reach the fixed point for realistic
choices of the impurity and interaction parameters.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures include
Interference and zero-bias anomaly in tunneling between Luttinger-liquid wires
We present theoretical calculations and experimental measurements which
reveal the Luttinger-liquid (LL) nature of elementary excitations in a system
consisting of two quantum wires connected by a long narrow tunnel junction at
the edge of a GaAs/AlGaAs bilayer heterostructure. The boundaries of the wires
are important and lead to a characteristic interference pattern in measurements
on short junctions. We show that the experimentally observed modulation of the
conductance oscillation amplitude as a function of the voltage bias can be
accounted for by spin-charge separation of the elementary excitations in the
interacting wires. Furthermore, boundaries affect the LL exponents of the
voltage and temperature dependence of the tunneling conductance at low
energies. We show that the measured temperature dependence of the conductance
zero-bias dip as well as the voltage modulation of the conductance oscillation
pattern can be used to extract the electron interaction parameters in the
wires.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figure
Scaling and criticality of the Kondo effect in a Luttinger liquid
A quantum Monte Carlo simulation method has been developed and applied to
study the critical behavior of a single Kondo impurity in a Luttinger liquid.
This numerically exact method has no finite-size limitations and allows to
simulate the whole temperature range. Focusing on the impurity magnetic
susceptibility, we determine the scaling functions, in particular for
temperatures well below the Kondo temperature. In the absence of elastic
potential scattering, we find Fermi-liquid behavior for strong
electron-electron interactions, g_c < 1/2, and anomalous power laws for 1/2<g_c
< 1, where g_c is the correlation parameter of the Luttinger liquid. These
findings resolve a recent controversy. If elastic potential scattering is
present, we find a logarithmically divergent impurity susceptibility at g_c<1/2
which can be rationalized in terms of the two-channel Kondo model.Comment: 11 pages REVTeX, incl. 9 PS figures, subm. to PR
Quantum Phase Transition in a Resonant Level Coupled to Interacting Leads
An interacting one-dimensional electron system, the Luttinger liquid, is
distinct from the "conventional" Fermi liquids formed by interacting electrons
in two and three dimensions. Some of its most spectacular properties are
revealed in the process of electron tunneling: as a function of the applied
bias or temperature the tunneling current demonstrates a non-trivial power-law
suppression. Here, we create a system which emulates tunneling in a Luttinger
liquid, by controlling the interaction of the tunneling electron with its
environment. We further replace a single tunneling barrier with a
double-barrier resonant level structure and investigate resonant tunneling
between Luttinger liquids. For the first time, we observe perfect transparency
of the resonant level embedded in the interacting environment, while the width
of the resonance tends to zero. We argue that this unique behavior results from
many-body physics of interacting electrons and signals the presence of a
quantum phase transition (QPT). In our samples many parameters, including the
interaction strength, can be precisely controlled; thus, we have created an
attractive model system for studying quantum critical phenomena in general. Our
work therefore has broadly reaching implications for understanding QPTs in more
complex systems, such as cold atoms and strongly correlated bulk materials.Comment: 11 pages total (main text + supplementary
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