Perception and Utilization of Primary Health Care Services in a Semi-Urban Community in South-Western Nigeria

Objective: The health status of most people living in developing countries of the world remains poor. Linked to this are some factors, of which low utilization of PHC facilities remain a major issue. This study therefore aimed to determine the utilization of PHC services in a sub-urban community in a developing country in West Africa.Design: The study was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted in Olorunda Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to recruit adults above the age of 18 years, normally resident in the community. Three hundred and ninety five individuals were involved in this community-based study. Interview was conducted using semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire to obtain relevant information.Result: Most (71.7%) of respondents were aware of PHC facilities in their communities and the most frequently mentioned health service provided was the immunization service. Three quarters of respondents felt that PHC services were accessible while over half (57.2%) felt it could address the disease burden in the community. Only 44.1% of them had ever-utilized any PHC health facility within the district. Respondents' age, sex, marital status, educational level and occupation are all significantly related to utilization status.Conclusion: The study demonstrates high awareness level of the PHC system in the population studied; however, utilization of the facilities is still very low. We hereby recommend that managers of this health institution put in place programs and schemes that will facilitate more effective service delivery especially in relation to the workers in this health sector. In addition, orientation programs lauding the benefits of the PHC facilities to correct wrong opinions about PHC among local communities and creation of good access routes that link primary health centers to the communities should be on the priority list of the managers of PHC to enhance utilization of services.Keywords: Perception, Utilization, Primary Health Care, Developing Countrie

The risks and rewards of covariate adjustment in randomized trials: an assessment of 12 outcomes from 8 studies

Adjustment for prognostic covariates can lead to increased power in the analysis of randomized trials. However, adjusted analyses are not often performed in practice

Efficacy of high-intensity, low-volume interval training compared to continuous aerobic training on insulin resistance, skeletal muscle structure and function in adults with metabolic syndrome: study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial (Intraining-MET)

ABSTRACT: Evidence of the efficacy of high-intensity, low-volume interval training (HIIT-low volume) in treating insulin resistance (IR) in patients with metabolic disorders is contradictory. In addition, it is unknown whether this effect is mediated through muscle endocrine function, which in turn depends on muscle mass and fiber type composition. Our aims were to assess the efficacy of HIIT-low volume compared to continuous aerobic exercise (CAE) in treating IR in adults with metabolic syndrome (MS) and to establish whether musclin, apelin, muscle mass and muscle composition are mediators of the effect. Methods: This is a controlled, randomized, clinical trial using the minimization method, with blinding of those who will evaluate the outcomes and two parallel groups for the purpose of showing superiority. Sixty patients with MS and IR with ages between 40 and 60 years will be included. A clinical evaluation will be carried out, along with laboratory tests to evaluate IR (homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)), muscle endocrine function (serum levels of musclin and apelin), thigh muscle mass (by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and thigh muscle composition (by carnosine measurement with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H–MRS)), before and after 12 weeks of a treadmill exercise program three times a week. Participants assigned to the intervention (n = 30) will receive HIIT-low volume in 22-min sessions that will include six intervals at a load of 90% of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) for 1 min followed by 2 min at 50% of VO2 max. The control group (n = 30) will receive CAE at an intensity of 60% of VO2 max for 36 min. A theoretical model based on structural equations will be proposed to estimate the total, direct and indirect effects of training on IR and the proportion explained by the mediators. Discussion: Compared with CAE, HIIT-low volume can be effective and efficient at improving physical capacity and decreasing cardiovascular risk factors, such as IR, in patients with metabolic disorders. Studies that evaluate mediating variables of the effect of HIIT-low volume on IR, such as endocrine function and skeletal muscle structure, are necessary to understand the role of skeletal muscle in the pathophysiology of MS and their regulation by exercise. Trial registration: NCT03087721. High-intensity Interval, Low Volume Training in Metabolic Syndrome (Intraining-MET). Registered on 22 March 2017, retrospectively registered

Morbidity Pattern among under Five Children and Preventive Practices of Mothers and Care Givers in Olorunda Local Government Area

Despite several intervention measures to improve child survival, morbidity and mortality rate due to common childhood ailments are still very high in this part of the world. An assessment of preventive practices against occurrence of these diseases would go a long way to mitigate those factors influencing disease occurrences. The objective of the study is to determine the pattern of common ailments among under five years children, and assess preventive practices of mothers and care givers against these diseases. A descriptive cross sectional study of 410 children and care givers in Olorunda local government area of Osun state, using multistage sampling method was carried out. Research instruments used were semi structured interviewer administered pretested questionnaires that were arranged into four sections including anthropometric measurements. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS software. Morbidity was highestamong the toddlers between the ages of 1-3years. Malaria tends to be commonest presentation 38, 149, and 84 in all age group followed by diarrhea 23, 58, 11. Ratio of male to female distribution of malaria, diarrhea and upper respiratory tract infection was 1:1.1. The educational level of mothers/caregivers significantly affects immunization status of their wards, awareness of and usage of malaria prophylaxis

Sociodemographic characteristic of anaemic gravidae at booking: A preliminary study liesha, Western Nigeria

No Abstract. Nigerian Journal of Medicine Vol. 14(2) 2005: 151-15

CARE SEEKING PRACTICES ON DIARRHOEA IN A RURAL COMMUNITY IN NIGERIA

Although diarrhoea is a preventable disease, it still remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among Nigeria children. A Nigerian child under age of five has an average of 4.3 diarrhoea episodes each year. The transfer to 70 million episodes of diarrhoea in children under five, based on the 1991 census. With case fatality rate of 0.4% (1), Nigeria records 300,000 diarrhoea related deaths each year in children under five years of age. This community survey was conducted in the south west of Irepodun Local Government Area of Kwara state, Nigeria, to enable us determine care-seeking and diarrhoea management practices in a typical rural setting. Four thousand and sixty one (4,061) children under five year of age from nine villages were studied using the standard WHO questionnaire on diarrhoea case management and morbidity. The survey focused mainly on children who had diarrhoea in the 24-hour period prior to the study. Of the 4061 children who were 5 years or below, 876(21.6%) had diarrhoea two weeks prior to the study. There were 207 children (5.1%) who had diarrhoea within 24 hours prior to the study. The rate of use of salt sugar solution (SSS) was 16%, while that of oral rehydration salt (ORS) was 6%. Seventy three percent of mothers interviewed did nothing for the treatment of diarrhoea, nor understood what to do. 16% used various drugs. 69% of the health facilities in these rural districts used antibiotics as their first line anti-diarrhoea treatment. Health education on oral rehydration therapy (ORT) needs to be intensified at the grassroots level. Keywords: Diarrhoea, Children, Care, Rural African Journal Of Clinical And Experimental Microbiology Jan 2004 Vol.5 No.1 119-12

Tuberculosis treatment outcomes in state hospital, Osogbo, Southwestern Nigeria: A four year review

No Abstract. Nigerian Journal of Medicine Vol. 16 (2) 2007: pp.148-15

Screening for Schistosoma haematobium infection in a rural cohort of pregnant women in Nigeria

Studies were conducted to investigate the occurrence of Schistosoma haematobium infection among 37 pregnant Nigerian women in llie, Osun state, Nigeria and to determine the effects on haemoglobin concentration and clinical symptoms. Out of the 37 pregnant women seen over a period of nine months, 14 (37%) had urinary schistosomiasis, with a mean egg count of 82.5 eggs/10 mls of urine. The mean haemoglobin values in women with schistosomiasis mothers were lower than in women negative for the parasite but the differences were not stastically significant (P>0.05). Abdominal pain was the predominant complaint among the women seen in with 71% of the infected women while other complaints were dizziness, fever and headache. This study shows that schistosomiasis is prevalent among pregnant women in rural area and could contribute to anaemia and abdominal pain commonly seen in pregnant women in our environment. Keywords: schistosomiasis, pregnant women, abdominal pain, haemoglobin values, Nigeria African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology Vol. 6 (3) 2005: 199-20