395 research outputs found
Domino Waves
Motivated by a proposal of Daykin (Problem 71-19*, SIAM Review 13 (1971)
569), we study the wave that propagates along an infinite chain of dominoes and
find the limiting speed of the wave in an extreme case.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
Minimal Models of CFT on Z_N-Surfaces
The conformal field theory on a Z_N-surface is studied by mapping it on the
branched sphere. Using a coulomb gas formalism we construct the minimal models
of the theory.Comment: 16 pages, latex, no figures; two important early references on the
coset construction have been included; to appear in Mod. Phys. Let
Comparing methods for estimating patient‐specific treatment effects in individual patient data meta‐analysis
Meta-analysis of individual patient data (IPD) is increasingly used to synthesize data from multiple trials. IPD meta-analysis offers several advantages over
meta-analyzing aggregate data, including the capacity to individualize treatment
recommendations. Trials usually collect information on many patient characteristics. Some of these covariates may strongly interact with treatment (and thus
be associated with treatment effect modification) while others may have little
effect. It is currently unclear whether a systematic approach to the selection of
treatment-covariate interactions in an IPD meta-analysis can lead to better estimates of patient-specific treatment effects. We aimed to answer this question
by comparing in simulations the standard approach to IPD meta-analysis (no
variable selection, all treatment-covariate interactions included in the model)
with six alternative methods: stepwise regression, and five regression methods that perform shrinkage on treatment-covariate interactions, that is, least
absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), ridge, adaptive LASSO,
Bayesian LASSO, and stochastic search variable selection. Exploring a range
of scenarios, we found that shrinkage methods performed well for both continuous and dichotomous outcomes, for a variety of settings. In most scenarios, these methods gave lower mean squared error of the patient-specific
treatment effect as compared with the standard approach and stepwise regression. We illustrate the application of these methods in two datasets from
cardiology and psychiatry. We recommend that future IPD meta-analysis that
aim to estimate patient-specific treatment effects using multiple effect modifiers should use shrinkage methods, whereas stepwise regression should be
avoided
On the third level descendent fields in the Bullough-Dodd model and its reductions
Exact vacuum expectation values of the third level descendent fields
in the Bullough-Dodd model
are proposed. By performing quantum group restrictions, we obtain in perturbed minimal conformal field theories.Comment: 7 pages, LaTeX file with amssymb; to appear in Phys. Lett.
Greybody factors in a rotating black-hole background-II : fermions and gauge bosons
We study the emission of fermion and gauge boson degrees of freedom on the
brane by a rotating higher-dimensional black hole. Using matching techniques,
for the near-horizon and far-field regime solutions, we solve analytically the
corresponding field equations of motion. From this, we derive analytical
results for the absorption probabilities and Hawking radiation emission rates,
in the low-energy and low-rotation case, for both species of fields. We produce
plots of these, comparing them to existing exact numerical results with very
good agreement. We also study the total absorption cross-section and
demonstrate that, as in the non-rotating case, it has a different behaviour for
fermions and gauge bosons in the low-energy limit, while it follows a universal
behaviour -- reaching a constant, spin-independent, asymptotic value -- in the
high-energy regime.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures, added reference
Antibiofilm activity of heather and manuka honeys and antivirulence potential of some of their constituents on the DsbA1 enzyme of pseudomonas aeruginosa
Heather honey was tested for its effect on the formation of biofilms by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella Enteriditis and Acinetobacter baumanii in comparison with Manuka honey. At 0.25 mg/mL, Heather honey inhibited biofilm formation in S. aureus, A. baumanii, E. coli, S. Enteriditis and P. aeruginosa, but promoted the growth of E. faecalis and K. pneumoniae biofilms. Manuka honey inhibited biofilm formation in K. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, and S. Enteriditis, A. baumanii, E. coli and P. aeruginosa, but promoted S. aureus biofilm formation. Molecular docking with Autodock Vina was performed to calculate the predictive binding affinities and ligand efficiencies of Manuka and Heather honey constituents for PaDsbA1, the main enzyme controlling the correct folding of virulence proteins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A number of constituents, including benzoic acid and methylglyoxal, present in Heather and/or Manuka honey, revealed high ligand efficiencies for the target enzyme. This helps support, to some extent, the decrease in P. aeruginosa biofilm formation observed for such honeys
Supersymmetry, Shape Invariance and Solvability of and Calogero-Sutherland Model
Using the ideas of supersymmetry and shape invariance we re-derive the
spectrum of the and Calogero-Sutherland model. We briefly
discuss as to how to obtain the corresponding eigenfunctions. We also discuss
the difficulties involved in extending this approach to the trigonometric
models.Comment: 15 pages, REVTeX,No figure
Greybody Factors for Brane Scalar Fields in a Rotating Black-Hole Background
We study the evaporation of (4+n)-dimensional rotating black holes into
scalar degrees of freedom on the brane. We calculate the corresponding
absorption probabilities and cross-sections obtaining analytic solutions in the
low-energy regime, and compare the derived analytic expressions to numerical
results, with very good agreement. We then consider the high-energy regime,
construct an analytic high-energy solution to the scalar-field equation by
employing a new method, and calculate the absorption probability and
cross-section for this energy regime, finding again a very good agreement with
the exact numerical results. We also determine the high-energy asymptotic value
of the total cross-section, and compare it to the analytic results derived from
the application of the geometrical optics limit.Comment: Latex file, 30 pages, 5 figures, typos corrected, version published
in Phys. Rev.
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