Комплексный анализ процессов интеграции информационных технологий в медицинские организации

Nowadays Information Technologies (IT) are taking more and more stable position in the process of work organization in various companies, and particularly among medical organizations. Present-day scientific society has already begun to research the topic of IT integration particularities into the Health organizations. Current article is focused on this issue. Our team has planned and provided a systematic review to understand which barriers can appear in different medical centers during implementation of the innovative IT into working process. The review has been fulfilled according to the designed protocol based on the actual recommendations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. In the course of the workflow we have explored 2050 articles complied with the requirements. As a result, 23 key publications have been chosen and analyzed in detail. After considering the list of issues and barriers associated with the IT Implementation into hospitals and medical centers have been highlighted and described. We have classified them to notional clusters depending on the reasons of their appearance as well. In addition our team has defined the list of practical recommendations following which the result of the IT integration will be improved, but the risk of a negative outcome in the future can be eliminated.На современном этапе технологического развития информационные технологии (ИТ) закономерно занимают стабильную позицию в организации работы различных предприятий, в частности медицинских организаций. В мировом научном сообществе все больше внимания уделяется особенностям интеграции ИТ в медицинскую среду, на этом вопросе и сфокусировано внимание авторов данной статьи. Нашим научным коллективом был спланирован и проведен систематический обзор, целью которого было получить ответ на поставленный исследовательский вопрос: с какими проблемами могут столкнуться организации здравоохранения в процессе внедрения новых медицинских информационных технологий? Выполнение обзора осуществлялось по разработанному протоколу исследования в соответствии с актуальными рекомендациями Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. В ходе последовательно проведенных этапов работы из 2050 обнаруженных статей было отобрано 23 ключевых статьи и проведен их детальный анализ. В итоге были выделены, классифицированы и описаны барьеры, препятствующие успешному внедрению ИТ в учреждения здравоохранения. Кроме того, составлен список практических рекомендаций, выполнение которых, вероятно, приведет к повышению уровня внедрения технологии, а также позволит снизить риск непринятия технологии в долгосрочном периоде

Tryptophan hydroxylase-2-mediated serotonin biosynthesis suppresses cell reprogramming into pluripotent state

The monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) has important functions both in the neural system and during embryonic development in mammals. In this study, we set out to investigate whether and how endogenous serotonin affects reprogramming to pluripotency. As serotonin is synthesized from tryptophan by the rate limiting enzymes tryptophan hydroxylase-1 and -2 (TPH1 and TPH2), we have assessed the reprogramming of TPH1- and/or TPH2-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The reprogramming of the double mutant MEFs showed a dramatic increase in the efficiency of iPSC generation. In contrast, ectopic expression of TPH2 alone or in conjunction with TPH1 reverted the rate of reprogramming of the double mutant MEFs to the wild-type level and besides, TPH2 overexpression significantly suppressed reprogramming of wild-type MEFs. Our data thus suggest a negative role of serotonin biosynthesis in the reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state

Two flares with one shock: the interesting case of 3C 454.3

The quasar 3C 454.3 is a blazar known for its rapid and violent outbursts seen across the electromagnetic spectrum. Using γ-ray, X-ray, multiband optical, and very-long-baseline interferometric data we investigate the nature of two such events that occurred in 2013 and 2014 accompanied by strong variations in optical polarization, including a ~230° electric vector position angle (EVPA) rotation. Our results suggest that a single disturbance was responsible for both flaring events. We interpret the disturbance as a shock propagating down the jet. Under this interpretation the 2013 flare originated most likely due to changes in the viewing angle caused by perhaps a bent or helical trajectory of the shock upstream of the radio core. The 2014 flare and optical polarization behavior are the result of the shock exiting the 43 GHz radio core, suggesting that shock crossings are one of the possible mechanisms for EVPA rotations.Accepted manuscrip

Comprehensive Comparison of Various Techniques for the Analysis of Elemental Distributions in Thin Films

The present work shows results on elemental distribution analyses in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films for solar cells performed by use of wavelength-dispersive and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in a scanning electron microscope, EDX in a transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron, angle-dependent soft X-ray emission, secondary ion-mass (SIMS), time-of-flight SIMS, sputtered neutral mass, glow-discharge optical emission and glow-discharge mass, Auger electron, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, by use of scanning Auger electron microscopy, Raman depth profiling, and Raman mapping, as well as by use of elastic recoil detection analysis, grazing-incidence X-ray and electron backscatter diffraction, and grazing-incidence X-ray fluorescence analysis. The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films used for the present comparison were produced during the same identical deposition run and exhibit thicknesses of about 2 μm. The analysis techniques were compared with respect to their spatial and depth resolutions, measuring speeds, availabilities, and detection limit

The whole earth blazar telescope campaign on the intermediate BL Lac object 3C 66A in 2007-2008

Prompted by a high optical state in 2007 September, the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope consortium organized an intensive optical, near-IR (JHK) and radio observing campaign on the intermediate BL Lac object 3C 66A throughout the fall and winter of 2007-2008. In this paper, we present data from 28 observatories in 12 countries, covering the observing season from late 2007 July through 2008 February. The source remained in a high optical state throughout the observing period and exhibited several bright flares on timescales of 10 days. This included an exceptional outburst around 2007 September 15-20, reaching a peak brightness at R 13.4. Our campaign revealed microvariability with flux changes up to |dR/dt| 0.02 mag hr-1. Our observations do not reveal evidence for systematic spectral variability in the overall high state covered by our campaign, in agreement with previous results. In particular, we do not find evidence for spectral hysteresis in 3C 66A for which hints were found in an earlier campaign in a somewhat lower flux state. We also did not find any evidence for spectral lags in the discrete correlation functions between different optical bands. We infer a value of the magnetic field in the emission region of B 19 e 2/7B τ-6/7h D 13/71 G, where eB is the magnetic field equipartition fraction, τh is the shortest observed variability timescale in units of hours, and D 1 is the Doppler factor in units of 10. From the lack of systematic spectral variability, we can derive an upper limit on the Doppler factor, D ≤ 28 τ-1/8h e 3/16B. This is in perfect agreement with superluminal motion measurements with the VLBI/VLBA of βapp ≤ 27 and argues against models with very high Lorentz factors of Γ ≳ 50, required for a one-zone synchrotron-self-Compton interpretation of some high-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects detected at TeV γ-ray energies. © 2009 The American Astronomical Society

Multifrequency variability of the blazar AO 0235+164 the WEBT campaign in 2004-2005 and long-term SED analysis

A huge multiwavelength campaign targeting the blazar AO 0235+164 was organized by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) in 2003-2005 to study the variability properties of the source. Monitoring observations were carried out at cm and mm wavelengths, and in the near-IR and optical bands, while three pointings by the XMM-Newton satellite provided information on the X-ray and UV emission. We present the data acquired during the second observing season, 2004-2005, by 27 radio-to-optical telescopes. They reveal an increased near-IR and optical activity with respect to the previous season. Increased variability is also found at the higher radio frequencies, down to 15 GHz, but not at the lower ones. The radio (and optical) outburst predicted to peak around February-March 2004 on the basis of the previously observed 5-6 yr quasi-periodicity did not occur. The analysis of the optical light curves reveals now a longer characteristic time scale of 8 yr, which is also present in the radio data. The spectral energy distributions corresponding to the XMM-Newton observations performed during the WEBT campaign are compared with those pertaining to previous pointings of X-ray satellites. Bright, soft X-ray spectra can be described in terms of an extra component, which appears also when the source is faint through a hard UV spectrum and a curvature of the X-ray spectrum. Finally, there might be a correlation between the X-ray and optical bright states with a long time delay of about 5 yr, which would require a geometrical interpretation

The structure and emission model of the relativistic jet in the quasar 3C279 inferred from radio to high-energy γ-ray observations in 2008-2010

We present time-resolved broadband observations of the quasar 3C279 obtained from multi-wavelength campaigns conducted during the first two years of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission. While investigating the previously reported γ-ray/optical flare accompanied by a change in optical polarization, we found that the optical emission appears to be delayed with respect to the γ-ray emission by about 10days. X-ray observations reveal a pair of "isolated" flares separated by 90 days, with only weak γ-ray/optical counterparts. The spectral structure measured by Spitzer reveals a synchrotron component peaking in the mid-infrared band with a sharp break at the far-infrared band during the γ-ray flare, while the peak appears in the millimeter (mm)/submillimeter (sub-mm) band in the low state. Selected spectral energy distributions are fitted with leptonic models including Comptonization of external radiation produced in a dusty torus or the broad-line region. Adopting the interpretation of the polarization swing involving propagation of the emitting region along a curved trajectory, we can explain the evolution of the broadband spectra during the γ-ray flaring event by a shift of its location from 1pc to 4pc from the central black hole. On the other hand, if the γ-ray flare is generated instead at sub-pc distance from the central black hole, the far-infrared break can be explained by synchrotron self-absorption. We also model the low spectral state, dominated by the mm/sub-mm peaking synchrotron component, and suggest that the corresponding inverse-Compton component explains the steady X-ray emission. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Multiwavelength observations of a TeV-Flare from W comae

We report results from an intensive multiwavelength campaign on the intermediate-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae object W Com (z = 0.102) during a strong outburst of very high energy gamma-ray emission in 2008 June. The very high energy gamma-ray signal was detected by VERITAS on 2008 June 7-8 with a flux F(>200 GeV) =(5.7 0.6) × 10-11 cm-2 s -1, about three times brighter than during the discovery of gamma-ray emission from W Com by VERITAS in 2008 March. The initial detection of this flare by VERITAS at energies above 200 GeV was followed by observations in high-energy gamma rays (AGILE; E γ≥ 100 MeV), X-rays (Swift and XMM-Newton), and at UV, and ground-based optical and radio monitoring through the GASP-WEBT consortium and other observatories. Here we describe the multiwavelength data and derive the spectral energy distribution of the source from contemporaneous data taken throughout the flare. © 2009. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved