Will you “quasi-marry” me? The rise of cohabitation and decline of marriages

In Western Europe and the US, the last couple of decades have witnessed a large increase in the new forms of marriages, usually called quasi-marriages, like cohabitation. Today in many European countries more than 15% of all couples are cohabiting. Furthermore, cohabiting couples differ from married ones. They tend to share household tasks and market works more equally than married couples. The aim of this paper is to account for the rise in cohabitation as well as the cross-sectional differences between cohabiting and married couples. To this end, we build a two-period model of marriage and cohabitation with home production. Using this framework, we analyze, both theoretically and empirically, the effects of the narrowing of the gender wage gap and the improvement in household production technology on the agents’ marital decisions.Marriage, Cohabitation, Marital institutions, Household production technology, Gender wage gap

Graph-based classification of multiple observation sets

We consider the problem of classification of an object given multiple observations that possibly include different transformations. The possible transformations of the object generally span a low-dimensional manifold in the original signal space. We propose to take advantage of this manifold structure for the effective classification of the object represented by the observation set. In particular, we design a low complexity solution that is able to exploit the properties of the data manifolds with a graph-based algorithm. Hence, we formulate the computation of the unknown label matrix as a smoothing process on the manifold under the constraint that all observations represent an object of one single class. It results into a discrete optimization problem, which can be solved by an efficient and low complexity algorithm. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed graph-based algorithm in the classification of sets of multiple images. Moreover, we show its high potential in video-based face recognition, where it outperforms state-of-the-art solutions that fall short of exploiting the manifold structure of the face image data sets.Comment: New content adde

Graph Signal Representation with Wasserstein Barycenters

In many applications signals reside on the vertices of weighted graphs. Thus, there is the need to learn low dimensional representations for graph signals that will allow for data analysis and interpretation. Existing unsupervised dimensionality reduction methods for graph signals have focused on dictionary learning. In these works the graph is taken into consideration by imposing a structure or a parametrization on the dictionary and the signals are represented as linear combinations of the atoms in the dictionary. However, the assumption that graph signals can be represented using linear combinations of atoms is not always appropriate. In this paper we propose a novel representation framework based on non-linear and geometry-aware combinations of graph signals by leveraging the mathematical theory of Optimal Transport. We represent graph signals as Wasserstein barycenters and demonstrate through our experiments the potential of our proposed framework for low-dimensional graph signal representation

Bank Efficiency: Evidence from a Panel of European Banks

The goal of this paper is to investigate the efficiency of the banking systems in eight European countries over the period 1994 to 2008 by using the production frontier methodology. The paper shows that risk factors along with a size variable should be taken into account, otherwise inefficiency tends to be overstated.Bank efficiency, Stochastic frontier, European banks

Stable International Environmental Agreements: An Analytical Approach

In this paper we examine the formation of International Environmental Agreements (IEAs). We provide an analytical treatment of the main model used in the literature and offer a formal solution of it (which has not been available so far), while we clarify some misconceptions that exist in the literature. We find that the unique stable IEA consist of either two, three or four signatories if the number of countries is greater than or equal to 5. Furthermore, we show that the welfare of the signatories of a stable IEA is very close to its lowest level vs the welfare of signatories of other non-stable IEAs. While in our model countries' choice variable is emissions, we extend our results to the case where the choice variable is abatement efforts.International Environmental Agreements, Coalition Formation

Stable International Environmental Agreements: An Analytical Approach

In this paper we examine the formation of International Environmental Agreements (IEAs). We show that the welfare of the signatories does not increase monotonically with respect to the number of signatories. We provide an analytical solution of the leadership model. In particular, we find that the unique stable IEA consist of either two, three or four signatories if the number of countries is greater than 4. Furthermore, we show that the welfare of the signatories is almost at its lowest level when the IEA is stable. While in our model countries’ choice variable is emissions, we extend our results to the case where the choice variable is abatement efforts.

Analysis and critique of existing Greek elementary schools\u27 4th grade language textbook : proposal of guidelines for the development of an inclusive multicultural language curriculum

The 4th grade reader textbook, currently in use in the Greek Elementary Schools, was analyzed in order to determine its relevance and appeal to the students. The analysis performed included the general structure and appearance of the book, the stories and illustrations, the practice exercises and the language used. The findings of the research revealed that the book had little relevance to modern Greek society and to the experiences of students belonging to non-dominant racial/ethnic, gender and social groups. The conclusions of the research were used as a foundation for the proposal of guidelines regarding the development of a language curriculum that could satisfy current and future educational needs in the increasingly multicultural Greek society

Merger Performance under Uncertain Efficiency Gains

In view of the uncertainty over the ability of merging firms to achieve efficiency gains, we model the post-merger situation as a Cournot oligopoly wherein the outsiders face uncertainty about the merged entity’s final cost. At the Bayesian equilibrium, a bilateral merger is profitable provided that non-merged firms sufficiently believe that the merger will generate large enough efficiency gains, even if ex post none actually materialize. The effects of the merger on market performance are shown to follow similar threshold rules. The findings are broadly consistent with stylized facts, and provide a rationalization for an efficiency consideration in merger policy.Horizontal merger, Bayesian Cournot equilibrium, Efficiency gains, Market performance

Communicating customer-CSR expectations on corporate websites: an analysis of the banking industry in the United Arab Emirates

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore customer-corporate social responsibility (-CSR) expectations communicated on the corporate websites of the banking sector in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and identify patterns based on origin, ownership structure and compliance to Sharia law. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative content analysis of 28 bank corporate websites was conducted using Perez and del Bosque\u27s (2012) bank customers\u27 CSR scale which identifies five relevant dimensions of CSR: (1) customers, (2) investors, (3) employees, (4) community and (5) general interest groups, such as governments, regulatory bodies, NGOs and the media. Findings The findings indicate that the most frequently communicated customer CSR expectations are general interest, customer- and community-oriented, with employee-related concerns being the least addressed. Global banks prioritize general concerns, regarding their legal and ethical responsibilities while domestic banks appear more customer-centric. None of the Islamic banks address their responsibility to the environment. Originality/value The paper contributes to the increasing number of studies conducted on CSR communication in emerging economies, and more specifically, to the dynamic yet underexplored market of the UAE. It provides scholars and practitioners with insights into the interplay of globalization, organizational characteristics and national influence on CSR communication through corporate websites, one of the most useful tools organizations can utilize to reach their customers and the wider public