Air pollution emission inventory along a major traffic route within Ibadan Metropolis, southwestern Nigeria

Increasing road congestion and high traffic volume is often times an indicator of atmospheric air pollution. Ibadan, being the largest metropolitan city in southwestern Nigeria, experiences steady influx of vehicular movement on daily bases. The situation is made worse as a greater number of these vehicles are old and poorly maintained. This study therefore investigated the likely impact of high traffic volume along a major roadway (the Ojoo-Mokola road) within the Ibadan metropolis on atmospheric air quality. Eight sampling points along a stretch of the roadway were identified for traffic density and air quality monitoring. Data was collected monthly over a period of four months in the morning peak, off peak and evening peak hours. Air quality parameters, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) were measured using handheld Crowcon Triple Plus+ and Crowcon Tetra-Portable Multi-Gas Detectors. The average concentration of CO range between 3.25 and 50.8 ppm with highest concentration observed during the morning and evening peak hours. There was a strong correlation (p=0.05) between ambient CO levels and traffic density. Relatively low levels of H2S, and NH3 were detected while NO2 levels were relatively constant (<0.1 ppm). Sulphur dioxide was generally not detected within the study locations. Though this study did not cover the whole city of Ibadan, findings from the eight sampling points suggest that this major stretch of road may altogether not be safe from traffic related problems. There is need for constant monitoring of vehicular emissions to forestall possible air pollution.Keywords: Air quality, vehicular emissions, traffic density, carbon dioxid

Analysis of Value Chain Business by Cassava Wholesalers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

This study analyzed the Cassava Wholesale Business in Akwa Ibom State. Specifically, the study analyzed the cost and returns to cassava wholesale business in the state and estimated the factors that were responsible for the respondents’ decision to add value to Cassava in the study area. A sample size of fifty wholesalers was selected from across the six Agricultural zones in the State.   Results obtained reveal that the sales of garri was the most profitable wholesale business while major costs borne by the respondents were transportation, loading and off-loading with transportation constituting a major part of the cost structure. Factors that were found to determine value added by wholesalers were Age, Education, Experience, Cooperative membership and access to credit facility. It is therefore recommended that these wholesalers should form cooperatives and raise capital which can be invested in their business to expand its scale of operation. Keywords: Wholesalers, Cassava, Value Chain, Value-Added, Profit, Costs DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/12-14-01 Publication date:July 31st 202

Professional Development and Lecturers’ Job Effectiveness in Universities in South-South Geo-Political Zone of Nigeria

The aim of this research was to fine out the influence of lecturers’ professional development on their job effectiveness in federal government owned universities in South-South Geo-Political Zone of Nigeria. Survey research design was adopted to study a sample of 180 (45 lecturers and 135 students)  selected from the six federal Universities in South-South Geo-Political Zone of Nigeria using stratified random sampling technique.           Two research instruments called ‘‘Lecturers’ professional Development Questionnaire (LPDQ)’’ and ‘‘Job Effectiveness Questionnaire (JEQ)’’ constructed by the researchers and validated by experts were used for data collection. All hypotheses were analysed using Independent t- test statistics. The result indicated that lecturers’ professional development in terms of retraining,  research publication and ICT utilization significantly influenced their job effectiveness in terms of  instructional delivery, communication skills and students evaluation. It was recommended that for the work of lecturers to be effective in the university system, the aspect of their professional development must be given good attention by the management of the university. Key words: Professional development, lecturers, job effectivenes

Assessment of Marketing Communications for the Prevention and Control of Malaria in Nigeria

The study was on a critical assessment of marketing communications for the prevention and control of malaria in Nigeria. It was conceived by the desire to identify the effectiveness of marketing communication as a tool for the prevention and control of malaria which kills thousands of innocent Nigerians every year. To objectives were to: determine the extent marketing communication tools helped create awareness on the malaria prevention and control programme in Nigeria; and ascertain the relationship between the marketing communication-mix employed and the reduction in the rate of malaria morbidity and mortality in the country. Survey research design was adopted for the study, where structured questionnaire was the instrument used in data sourcing. Data were analyzed using simple percentage and independent t-test. Results revealed that the use of marketing communication helped create awareness on the prevention and control of malaria and that the use of marketing communications has also reduced malaria related deaths in the country. Based on the findings, it was recommended among other things that research-based marketing communications, founded on people’s culture and tradition should be used more in the health marketing campaigns against malaria in the country. Keywords: Malaria, Prevention, Health Marketing, Marketing Communication

Sanitary Facilities Location in Nigeria: Implications for population Health

The study examined the location of sanitary facilities particularly, the septic tank and borehole water in a typical Nigerian urban center. Field measurements were utilized to generate location data on the distance between septic tank and borehole water on twenty-two sampled points across eleven residential zones in Eket LGA of AKS. Water samples from the boreholes were analysed for physico-chemical and bacteriological properties. The chi-square test of goodness of fit was applied on the location data to examine their level of conformity with WHO baseline data; while the regression analysis was conducted to examine the effect of location of septic tanks on the quality of the borehole water. Findings showed massive non-conformity with WHO standards for minimum allowable distance between septic tank and borehole water points. Though no significant relationship was found between septic tank location and the physico-chemical properties of borehole water, the study found significant effect of location on the bacteriological load of borehole water in the area, as it degrades the quality of borehole water and also threatens population health. Intensive awareness campaign against improper location of sanitary facilities (septic tanks) alongside strict enforcement of town planning laws could go a long way in mitigating the situation. Keywords: Sanitary facilities: location; septic tank; borehole water; Nigeria; Population Health. DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/54-06 Publication date: April 30th 201

Financial Management Competence of Principals and Attainment of Secondary School Goals in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria

The study sought to examine the financial management competence of principals as it relate to their secondary school goal attainment in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. Two researcher made questionnaires validated by experts in Measurement and Evaluation, University of Calabar were used to collect data from a sample of 120 respondents (30 principals and 90 teachers) startifiedly selected from the seven Local Government Areas that make up the study area. All hypotheses were tested at 0.5 level of significance using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis and the result showed that secondary school goal attainment was significantly dependent on the principals’ financial management competence. It was recommended that principals be trained on financial management and that government should increase their allocation to secondary schools to ease the administrative tasks of principals and to enhance their goal attainment. Keywords: Financial Management, Competence, Goal Attainmen

Environmental Education and Waste Management Behavior Among Undergraduate Students of the University of Calabar, Nigeria

This study set out to examine the role Environmental Education can play in influencing Environmental Education student’s waste management behavior among undergraduate’s students of the University of Calabar. Three purposes were pursued, where three research questions and two null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The research design adopted is the survey inferential research design. 212 respondents were selected as sample from a population of 568 students registered in the department of Environmental Education (both NUC and CES streams). a structured questionnaire with the four point Likert scale modified response options. A total of 212 questionnaires were administered to the respondents in their various classes, before lectures and same were retrieved. Data generated from the field was coded and analyzed using simple percentage and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis at0.05 significance level and at 210 degree of freedom. It was discovered that the waste management behavior of undergraduate students are negative, their waste disposal methods include ‘’throw away mentality’’, burning and dumping into gutter and drainages. The Correlation analyses show a positive significant relationship between Environmental Education and student’s waste management behavior among undergraduate students of the University of Calabar. The study also found that Environmental Education can influence the waste disposal methods adopted by undergraduate students of Environmental Education in the University of Calabar. It was concluded that Environmental Education has the magic wand that can influence positive environmental attitude, behavior and perception towards positive waste management. It was recommended among others that Environmental Education should be introduced into our school curriculums at all level. Keywords: Environmental Education, waste management behavior, waste disposal methods, waste management attitude and waste perception DOI: 10.7176/JEP/10-24-11 Publication date: August 31st 201

The Role of Information Technology in Enhancing National Security in Nigeria (2001 -2020)

The security problems of Nigeria have continued to stare at her very ominously and intermittently harass her, both within and outside her shores. These have lingered on and have created a clog on the wheel of the country's progress, indeed dramatically stagnating, and to say the least, truncating the mainstay of the country's survival. Several interpretations, theories, analyses, syntheses, and jingoistic conceptualization have been propagated, all producing the same result. From scientific to technological approach, religious to ritualist approach, political to social approach, the security situation rather than improving, is static and under some regimes retarded. Academic contributions, especially ideas from the humanities and indeed the discipline of history are jettisoned, in fact, quickly dusted into the waste bin. The concern of this paper is to attempt a historical investigation of the security problems in Nigeria, identifying them to show how information and communication technology can help in curbing these challenges, using the realist paradigm as a theoretical framework. This study identifies Nigerians as the cause of her security problems, who rather than face these seismic challenges head-on, abandon them – a cowardly act, ending in futility and deeper chaos. This study adopts both primary and secondary sources of data collection. It is hoped that if academic exercises are not mere, this input may create a turnaround in the security situation in Nigeria