Reading about minds: The social-cognitive potential of narratives

It is often argued that narratives improve social cognition, either by appealing to social-cognitive abilities as we engage with the story world and its characters, or by conveying social knowledge. Empirical studies have found support for both a correlational and a causal link between exposure to (literary, fictional) narratives and social cognition. However, a series of failed replications has cast doubt on the robustness of these claims. Here, we review the existing empirical literature and identify open questions and challenges. An important conclusion of the review is that previous research has given too little consideration to the diversity of narratives, readers, and social-cognitive processes involved in the social-cognitive potential of narratives. We therefore establish a research agenda, proposing that future research should focus on (1) the specific text characteristics that drive the social-cognitive potential of narratives, (2) the individual differences between readers with respect to their sensitivity to this potential, and (3) the various aspects of social cognition that are potentially affected by reading narratives. Our recommendations can guide the design of future studies that will help us understand how, for whom, and in what respect exposure to narratives can advantage social cognition

Treatments for common and plantar warts

Dermatology-oncolog

Current choices in the treatment of cutaneous warts: a survey among Dutch GP

Background. GPs apply several treatments for patients with cutaneous warts. Available evidence recommends salicylic acid application. Objective. We investigated whether current choices of GPs in the treatment of warts are in agreement with available evidence. Methods. A nationwide random sample of 700 Dutch GPs received a postal questionnaire on their choices in the treatment of warts. In addition, factors that influence these choices, their view on the effectiveness of treatments and their view on the natural history of warts were assessed. Results. The questionnaire was returned by 280 GPs (40%). Cryotherapy was first choice treatment in 73% of GPs for hand warts, 49% of GPs for plantar warts and 72% of GPs for warts on other locations. Salicylic acid application or the combination of cryotherapy and salicylic acid were used less frequently, followed by an expectant awaiting policy and (electro) surgery. Most important factors influencing their treatment choice were GPs' routine and GPs' views on effectiveness. Conclusions. In contrast to available evidence, most GPs apply cryotherapy as first choice treatment of cutaneous warts. Pragmatic high-quality trials on the effectiveness of wart treatments conducted in primary care might solve this discrepancy between evidence and practice.Public Health and primary careMinor Ailment

Evaluation of a Novel Multiplex Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotyping Assay for HPV Types in Skin Warts

Public Health and primary careMinor Ailment

Design of the Verbiest trial: cost-effectiveness of surgery versus prolonged conservative treatment in patients with lumbar stenosis

Background: Degenerative changes of lumbar spine anatomy resulting in the encroachment of neural structures are often regarded progressive, ultimately necessitating decompressive surgery. However the natural course is not necessarily progressive and the efficacy of a variety of nonsurgical interventions has also been described. At present there is insufficient data to compare surgical and nonsurgical interventions in terms of their relative benefit and safety. Previous attempts failed to provide clear clinical recommendations or to distinguish subgroups that substantially benefit from a certain treatment strategy. We present the design of a randomized controlled trial on (cost-) effectiveness of surgical decompression versus prolonged conservative treatment in patients with neurogenic intermittent claudication caused by lumbar stenosis. Methods/Design. The aim of the Verbiest trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of prolonged conservative treatment compared to decompressive surgery. The study is a multi-center randomized controlled trial with two parallel groups design. Patients (age over 50) presenting

Molluscum contagiosum survey: common approach and attitude towards treatment and research in Dutch general practice

AbstractBackgroundMolluscum contagiosum (MC) can cause significant burden in children. So far, pharmacological treatment has not been proven beneficial. More rigorous interventions have not been well studied. Current guidelines advise a “wait and see” policy. However, children and their parents frequently visit their GP requesting intervention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to gain insight into the approach to MC by GPs and parents’ expectations and to investigate willingness to participate in an interventional study.MethodsA survey study was carried out among GPs and parents using a questionnaire for each group inquiring about MC and potential study participation. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze results and logistical regression to investigate factors influencing participation.ResultsThe majority of GPs (88%) preferred an expectative approach; only 21% were willing to participate in a trial as proposed. GPs estimating ≥ 50% of parents would request treatment, were more likely to participate. Most responding parents did or would visit their GP requesting treatment. In contrast to GPs, 58% were willing to participate. Parents preferring cryotherapy or curettage were more likely to participate.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that the majority of GPs preferred a conservative approach, adhering to current guidelines. However, most parents preferred treatment to resolve MC and symptoms. Parents’ willingness to participate was much higher than GP’s, reflecting parents’ desire for treatment. These findings underscore the need for continued therapeutic research. Careful preparation and selection of GPs and patients will be essential to ensure the feasibility of such an endeavor.</p