Implementasi Teknik I/O Interfacing Berbasis Arduino

Serangkaian elektronika modern telah mengembangkan sistemnya dengan menggunakan operasi sistem digital, yang menggunakan sinyal dan besaran digital dalam memberikan penggerak / trigger maupun menghasilkan sinyal / signal generator yang dapat digunakan untuk kelanjutan sistem dalam mata rantai sistem digital dan komputasi. Besaran nilai analog seperti temperatur, tekanan, kecepatan, dan alin sebagainya, yang melibatkan besaran fisis, mampu dikemas dalam sebuah sistem digital, yang masih yang pada umumnya masih bersifat non komputasi. Pengadaan sistem terpadu yang bisa dilakukan untuk menjembatani permasalahan pengolahan data yang terekam dari perangkat elektronik masih memiliki tingkat kesulitan yang tinggi dan pembiayaan yang mahal.Mikrokontroler yang mewakili suatu figur sistem kendali modern telah dikemas hanya dengan mengimplementasikan sebuah chip / rangkaian terpadu, yang kemudian berkembang hingga penggunaan memori dan processor beserta elemen pendukungnya seperti register, AT command, I/O system, dan lain sebagainya. Bahkan hingga pada saat ini, mikrokontroler telah dikemas dalam sebuah modul aktif kit.Hasil penelitian ini adalah pengamatan dan analisa terhadap beberapa teknik antarmuka meliputi perancangan dan pemrograman yang terlibat dalam suatu model sistem kendali. Teknik antarmuka pemrograman perangkat lunak dengan bahasa C jauh lebih mudah dimengerti oleh perancang sekalipun untuk tingkat pemula, dengan diketahuinya struktur dasar yaitu void setup(), void loop() dan beberapa tipe variabel serta konsep percabangan atau kondisional, Sementara itu teknik antarmuka perancangan perangkat keras diperlukan beberapa pengetahuan dasar elektronika dalam hal karakteristik tegangan dan arus dari elemen masukan, yang harus disesuaikan dalam kerangka I/O dari Arduino yang menuntut pengkondisian tegangan dan arus berkisar pada 5-9 volt, dan arus sebesar 500mA

Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Selekop (Lepisanthes Amoena) Fruit

Selekop (Lepisanthes amoena (Hassk.) Leenh.) plant leaves are used by the Dayak tribe of East Kalimantan as traditional cosmetics. Selekop fruit is also edible, but not well known. This study was conducted to obtain the phytochemical content and antioxidant assay in flesh, seed and pericarp extracts from the fruit of Selekop. Phytochemical analysis was conducted on ethanol extract for identification of flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, saponin, triterpenoid and steroid. The antioxidant activity was done by DPPH assay with ascorbic acid as positive control. The flesh contained flavonoid, saponin, and tannin; the seed contained flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, triterpenoid, and tannin; and the pericarp contained flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, triterpenoid, and tannin. Analysis of antioxidant activity revealed the following Inhibitory Concentration (IC50 values): 122.51 ppm of flesh, 63.30 ppm of seed, 53.21 ppm of pericarp and 3.06 ppm of ascorbic acid. Based on these results, the ethanol extract of the seed and the flesh had a phytochemical content and antioxidant activity which was better than the flesh extract from Selekop fuit

Antioxidant Assay of the Ethanolic Extract of Three Species of Rattan Fruits using DPPH Method

The bioactivity of some species of rattan fruit has been previously studied and it was found that it has potential antioxidant agents. This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant content in three species of edible rattan fruit, namely Calamus manan Miq., Calamus ornatus Bl. and Calamus caesius Bl by using the DPPH method, whereby the test was carried out on the pericarp, flesh, and seeds of each fruit. The research findings revealed that phytochemical compounds, i.e. flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenoids are found almost in all parts of the fruit, while steroid is not found in any of the three species of the fruit. The antioxidant activity found in the fruit of C. caesius Bl is strong, meanwhile the antioxidant activity in the fruit of C. manan Miq only strong in its pericarp and seeds, but it is moderate in its flesh. The antioxidant activity found in the fruit of C. ornatus Bl. is strong in its pericarp and seeds, but it is moderate in its flesh. Therefore, these three species of rattan fruit are potential as antioxidant agents

Determination of the combined effect of chemical modification and compression of agatis wood on the dimension stability, termite resistance, and morphological structure

Agatis wood (Agathis lorantifolia Salisb.) was impregnated with a combination of styrene and methyl methacrylate and compressed to a strain of 50% to improve dimensional stability and termite resistance. The changes in cell structure were analyzed to determine the effects of the combination treatment. The results showed that densification of agatis wood with compression, impregnation, and a combination of treatments resulted in an increase in physical properties (density and dimensional stability) by changing the cellular structure and chemical components (i.e., cellulose crystallinity, microfibril angle, and preferred orientation of fibers) as well as degradation of cellulose. The chemical modification and combination treatment (chemical and compression) of wood generally led to a high resistance to dry wood termites

Optimization of Glued Laminated Timber Production in Pt Samtraco Cahaya Utama Samarinda by Using Lindo Software

This research aims to find out optimal returns from of Glued Laminated Timber products manufactured by PT Samtraco, whose today’s products include Laminating Block, Finger Joins Laminating, Finger Joins Laminating Boards, Solid and Beams. It also aims to find out the output of the combinations of  Glued Laminated Timber  manufacturing models so that the production facilities can be used up.This research was located in Loa Buah Village, Sungai Kunjang Sub-district, East Kalimantan. The research findings revealed that in Model I the net optimum returns derived from this manufacturing model can be identified after the gross returns was subtracted by the expenditures of each constraint variable, where its gross optimal returns was US$1.217.250 with the exchange rate of US$ 1 equalsRp. 9800, therefore, its gross returns was Rp 11.929.050.000. After it was deducted by the expenditures with the amount of Rp 10.676.499.750, then the value of its net returns was 1.252.550.250. In Model II, the value of optimal net returns can be determined by identifying the gross optimal returns with the amount of US$1.240.000 with the exchange rate of US$ 1 equals Rp 9.800, therefore, its gross returns was Rp.12.152.000.000. After it was deducted by the expenditures with the amount of Rp. 10.876.040.000, then the value of its net returns was Rp. 1.275.960.000. In Model III, the value of net optimal returns derived from this manufacturing model can be determined after the gross returns was deducted by the expenditures of each constraint variable, where its gross optimal returns was US$1.294.000 with the exchange rate of US$ 1 equals Rp. 9.800, therefore, the gross returns was Rp. 12.681.200.000. After it was deducted by the expenditures with amount of Rp. 11.286.268.000, then the value of its net returns was Rp. 1.349.932.000. Based on the value of optimal returns from each model, raw materials dominated the production cost of lamina wood, reaching 57% in the Model 1,59% in  Model 2, and 61% in Model 3, and the subsequent costs including delivery, electricity and labors were below 10% respectively