Sorting, Prices, and Social Preferences

What impact do social preferences have in market-type settings where individuals can sort in response to relative prices? We show that sorting behavior can distinguish between individuals who like to share and those who share but prefer to avoid the sharing environment altogether. In four laboratory experiments, prices and social preferences interact to determine the composition of sharing environments: Costless sorting reduces the number of sharers, even after inducing positive reciprocity. Subsidized sharing increases entry, but mainly by the least generous sharers. Costly sharing reduces entry, but attracts those who share generously. We discuss implications for real-world giving with sorting.

Will the new $100 bill decrease counterfeiting?

A current U.S. policy is to introduce a new style of currency that is harder to counterfeit, but not immediately to withdraw from circulation all of the old-style currency. This policy is analyzed in a random matching model of money, and its potential to decrease counterfeiting in the long run is shown. For various parameters of the model, three types of equilibria are found to occur. In only one does counterfeiting continue at its initial high level. In the other two, both genuine and counterfeit old-style money go out of circulation—immediately in one and gradually in the other. There are objectives and expectations that can reasonably be imputed to policymakers, under which the policy that they have chosen can make sense.Money

Assessment and treatment of acute heart failure—Case Study: Wet and warm profile with concomitant anuric renal failure

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/107517/1/4960271708_ftp.pd

Parallel For Loops on Heterogeneous Resources

In recent years, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have piqued the interest of researchers in scientific computing. Their immense floating point throughput and massive parallelism make them ideal for not just graphical applications, but many general algorithms as well. Load balancing applications and taking advantage of all computational resources in a machine is a difficult challenge, especially when the resources are heterogeneous. This dissertation presents the clUtil library, which vastly simplifies developing OpenCL applications for heterogeneous systems. The core focus of this dissertation lies in clUtil\u27s ParallelFor construct and our novel PINA scheduler which can efficiently load balance work onto multiple GPUs and CPUs simultaneously

Florida Orthodontists\u27 Willingness To Provide A Human Papillomavirus Educational Intervention

Introduction: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection with an estimated fourteen million new cases each year in the United States alone. HPV infections generally resolve with little or no incident, but persistent infections can lead to more serious sequelae such as oral and cervical cancers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that all 11-12 year olds receive the HPV vaccine; yet, the prevalence of HPV vaccination in the U.S. population is far below the prevalence of routine childhood vaccinations. Clearly, there is a public health imperative to increase the HPV vaccination rate among American youth. Because orthodontists see patients of the vaccination target age monthly, for 2 or more years, they are particularly well positioned to influence vaccination rates by educating patients and their parents about HPV and the HPV vaccine. Therefore, the goals of this study were to examine the determinants of orthodontists’ willingness to provide an HPV educational intervention to adolescent patients, and orthodontists’ agreement that HPV is within the scope of orthodontic practice. Methods: A survey instrument informed by the Integrated Behavior Model of health behaviors was used to obtain cross-sectional data from a representative sample of Florida Orthodontists’ that assessed personal and practice demographics, knowledge regarding HPV and the HPV vaccine, and their willingness to provide an HPV educational intervention. Univariate, bivariate, principle component, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the specific aims. Results: For each year that participants’ aged, the adjusted odds of willingness increased 12% (AOR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.02, 1.23). Additionally, those participants who agreed that HPV causes cancer in females, were four times more willing to provide an HPV educational intervention than those who disagreed (AOR = 4.07, 95% CI 1.51, 10.94). Perceived Control (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.06, 3.90), and Salience (AOR = 3.09, 95% CI 1.35, 7.09) were also significant determinants of orthodontists’ willingness to provide an HPV educational intervention. The amount of office time respondents were willing to provide to deliver HPV information to patients was a significant predictor of agreement that HPV was within the scope of orthodontic practice; less than 1 minute (AOR = 7.55, 95% CI 1.09, 52.33), 1-2 minutes (AOR = 21.20, 95% CI 3.44, 130.52), and 3-4 minutes (AOR = 41.05, 95% CI 6.04, 279.12). Neither self-rated knowledge nor agreement that HPV is within the scope of orthodontic practice, were significant determinants of orthodontists’ willingness to provide an HPV educational intervention. In addition, encouragement to discuss HPV or recommend the HPV vaccine during professional education were not significant predictors of respondents’ agreement that HPV is within the scope of orthodontic practice. Conclusions: Our findings suggest an opportunity to impact orthodontists’ willingness to provide an HPV educational intervention through encouraging orthodontists to discuss HPV and the HPV vaccine effectively in professional school and continuing education, the availability and dissemination of informational pamphlets, and support and guidance from the American Association of Orthodontists (AAO). Also, support and guidance from the AAO may promote orthodontists’ understanding that HPV is within the scope of orthodontic practice

INTERREGIONAL EFFECTS OF REDUCED TIMBER HARVESTS: THE IMPACT OF THE NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL LISTING IN RURAL AND URBAN OREGON

A core-periphery, multiregional, input-output model of western Oregon is used to estimate impacts of periphery timber harvest reductions resulting from listing of an endangered species. Under the most probable scenario, 31,620 total jobs would be lost in the two regions. Fourteen percent of this impact is absorbed in the core (Metro) region. Forty percent of periphery and 80% of Metro jobs lost are from service sectors, a result of important core-periphery trade in central place services. Explicit inclusion of unemployment benefits for displaced workers reduces employment loss estimates by 12% to 14%.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN OREGON'S ECONOMIC BASE: FINDINGS FROM A SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX

Most studies of a state’'s economic base count as “"basic”" only the “"traditional"” exports of goods, federal spending, and business investment. “"Nontraditional”" elements of the economic base (including exports of services, federal transfers to state/local governments and households, and extraregional property income) are typically ignored. We construct a social accounting matrix (SAM) for Oregon and estimate Oregon’'s economic base accounting for both traditional and nontraditional elements. Almost 20% of Oregon’'s jobs depend on extraregional income to households (including government transfers and outside property income), 11% depend on lumber and wood and paper products, and 8% depend on agriculture.Agribusiness,

Jo Labadie and His Gift to Michigan: A Legacy For The Masses

The Labadie Collection has grown to many times its original size since Jo Labadie's 1911 donation of his personal papers and home library. The Special Collections Library's aim is always to gather materials that capture the ideas of radical social and political movements directly from the participants, just as Jo Labadie's collection captures his ideas and those of his comrades.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/120256/1/jo_labadie_00.pd

Understanding factors regulating Muskellunge and Walleye reservoir populations using radio telemetry

Reservoirs are dynamic and differ from natural systems in terms of physical conditions and contain diverse fish communities. Although once thought to be unproductive, reservoirs often contain high abundances of fishes consisting of native riverine species as well as introduced sport fishes that provide unique angling opportunities. As reservoirs are vastly different than natural lakes and rivers, traditional fisheries management strategies are not always applicable, complicating management and understanding. Muskellunge and Walleye are two species often introduced to reservoirs that are sustained by routine stockings due to limited natural reproduction. Previous research has evaluated stocking success and factors regulating Muskellunge and Walleye populations in natural systems; however, little is known about reservoirs populations, although this knowledge is essential for effective management. To address this lack of information, I used radio telemetry to assess behavior and survival of juvenile and adult Muskellunge and Walleye in Big Creek and Brushy Creek lakes, Iowa, USA. My first chapter involved implanting wild and stocked age-0 Walleye with radio transmitters and conducting regular tracking after fall stocking to determine if there were differences in behavior and survival. I found little evidence of behavioral differences between Walleye groups, although home ranges were greater in Big Creek than Brushy Creek. Survival was generally high and was greater for stocked than wild Walleye in Big Creek but did not differ between groups in Brushy Creek. In chapter two, I conducted a similar study on spring-stocked yearling Muskellunge, with a focus on differences in behavior and survival between systems with varying habitat complexity. Movement rates were greatest in both lakes during the first week post-stocking, with greater rates and home ranges in Big Creek. Brushy Creek Muskellunge moved less and were typically associated with coarse woody habitat and aquatic vegetation, while fish in Big Creek exhibited strong selection for limited amounts of complex coarse woody habitat. Muskellunge stocking survival was low but variable; most mortality occurred during the first four days after stocking, survival was greater in Brushy Creek, and post-stocking mortality was significant in both systems during 2018. Mortality in 2018 was likely associated with stocking stressors, while predation also contributed to Muskellunge mortalities in Big Creek. Chapter three involved tagging and tracking adult Walleye for two and a half years to evaluate how harvest, mortality, and escapement regulate populations as well as determine whether individual behavior was related to fish fate. Walleye harvest was greatest from April through July and was greater in Big Creek (annual estimate = 27%) than Brushy Creek (13%). Natural mortality (36-38%) was greater than harvest, similar between systems, and positively related to water temperature. While no escapement occurred at Big Creek, likely due to the presence of a physical barrier, escapement from Brushy Creek ranged from 22-47% and was related to mean water levels during April. Movement rates were greatest in both lakes during spring, but Walleye behavior was largely similar despite fish fate. Similarly, my last research chapter involved tracking adult Muskellunge implanted with radio tags over the same duration as Walleye and assessed behavior and movement as well as factors contributing to fish loss. Muskellunge exhibited seasonal variation in behaviors in Big Creek, with greater movement during spring and use of shallow water during spring and summer. Behavior was similar across seasons in Brushy Creek, and fish ranges were comparable between lakes and encompassed large areas. Additionally, we found no evidence suggesting that previously escaped Muskellunge behaved differently or were more likely to escape than in-lake residents. Several tagged fish in both reservoirs were located in spillway areas during spring and summer; however, no escapement occurred at Big Creek while annual estimates at Brushy Creek ranged from 18-54%, with greater escapement from May through August and at greater maximum lake levels. Natural mortality did not differ by system but was positively related to water temperature, ranging from 15-18% annually. Altogether, these findings indicate that stocked Walleye exhibit similar behavior and survival to wild fish, which suggests that hatchery habituation is not limiting establishment of Walleye populations. In contrast, stocked Muskellunge survival can be low and variable, with system-specific behaviors related to availability of complex habitats as well as mortality. Finally, escapement of adult fishes can be substantial and contribute to greater fish loss than both harvest and natural mortality, though individual behavior does not appear to be related to escapement or harvest probability. Increasing stockings is unlikely to be a cost-effective strategy to mitigate adult fish escapement. Conversely, the physical barrier at Big Creek appears to be effective at preventing adult sport fishes from escaping, and could be a useful tool for improved management of many reservoir fisheries