International money and international inflation, 1958-1973

Inflation (Finance) ; United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference ; Monetary theory ; International finance

Tenure and Output

A key tenet of the theory of human capital is that investment in skills results in higher productivity. The previous literature has estimated the degree of investment in human capital for individuals by looking at individual wage growth as a proxy for productivity growth. In this paper, we have both wage and personal productivity data, and thus are able to measure of the increase in workers' output with tenure. The data is from an autoglass company. Most of production occurs at the individual level so measures of output are clear. We find a very steep learning curve in the year on the job: output is 53 percent higher after one year than it is initially when hired. These output gains with tenure are not reflected in equal percentage pay gains: pay profiles are much flatter than output profiles in the first year and a half on the job. For these data, using wage profiles significantly underestimates the amount of investment compared to the gains evident in output-tenure profiles. The pattern of productivity rising more rapidly than pay reverses after two years of tenure. Worker selection is also important. Workers who stay longer have higher output levels and faster early learning.

Wage Structure, Raises and Mobility: International Comparisons of the Structure of Wages Within and Across Firms

The returns to talent or performance have grown over time in developed countries. Is talent concentrated in a few firms or are firms virtual microcosms of the economy, each having close to identical distributions of talent? The data show that talent is not concentrated in a few companies, but is widely dispersed across companies. Wage dispersion within firms is nearly as high as the wage dispersion overall. The standard deviation of wages within the firm is about 80% of the standard deviation across all workers in the economy. Firms are more similar than they are dissimilar, but they are not identical: the firm mean wage displays considerable dispersion across the population of firms. There is evidence that talent is becoming more concentrated over time within some firms relative to others. In four countries that estimated wage regressions with firm fixed effects, the firm fixed effects are contributing more to the R-squared of the wage regression over time. Law firms have more lawyers than janitors. Janitorial firms have more janitors than lawyers and the differences between firms have become more pronounced. Still, the variance of wages within the average firms remains high.

Personnel Economics: The Economist's View of Human Resources

Personnel economics drills deeply into the firm to study human resource management practices like compensation, hiring practices, training, and teamwork. Many questions are asked. Why should pay vary across workers within firms--and how "compressed" should pay be within firms? Should firms pay workers for their performance on the job or for their skills or hours of work? How are pay and promotions structured across jobs to induce optimal effort from employees? Why do firms use teams and how are teams used most effectively? How should all these human resource management practices, from incentive pay to teamwork, be combined within firms? Personnel economics offers new tools and new answers to these questions. In this paper, we display the tools and principles of personnel economics through a series of models aimed at addressing the questions posed above. We focus on the building blocks that form the foundation of personnel economics: the assumptions that both the worker and the firm are rational maximizing agents; that labor markets and product markets must reach some price-quantity equilibrium; that markets are efficient or that market failures have introduced inefficiencies; and that the use of econometrics and experimental techniques has advanced our ability to identify underlying causal relationships.

Alien Registration- Shaw, Edward (Masardis, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/34142/thumbnail.jp

The Age Hardening of Silver with Copper-Silicide

The successful application of the phenomenon of pre­cipitation hardening to aluminum and copper has indicated the possibility of hardening all metals in the same way. The phenomenon of age hardening was discoveredin 1911, and since that time much research has been car­ried on in all parts of the world on various alloy sys­tems

Gamma/hadron discrimination using composite cherenkov telescopes

The Durham University Mk6 Ground Based Gamma Ray Telescope is a sensitive detector in the Very High Energy (VHE) band (~100GeV-10TeV). It is a 'composite' Cherenkov telescope consisting of three 42m(^2) mirrors, each of which is viewed by a Cherenkov photon detector. Together the three detectors provide the basis for a sophisticated coincidence trigger that gives the telescope its low energy threshold of ~300GeV. Analysis of high resolution Cherenkov images from the central detector allows gamma rays to be identified from the hadronic background. The Left and Right detectors also record two independent, medium resolution, Cherenkov images. This thesis has investigated the use of the images from the Left and Right detectors to provide extra gamma/hadron discrimination power. Two measurements, represented by the parameters dDist and LRconc, have been identified that are capable of improving current VHE source detection significance by 20-30%.In Chapter 1 some of the motivations behind the field of VHE gamma ray astronomy are discussed, along with brief explanations of VHE gamma ray production mechanisms. Potential astronomical sources of VHE photons are outlined in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3 the phenomenon of Cherenkov radiation emitted in the atmosphere from Extensive Air Showers (EAS) is introduced. The construction of Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes is considered in Chapter 4 and the Durham Mk6 telescope is detailed in Chapter 5. The moments method of analysing Cherenkov images is given in Chapter 6. Chapter 7 investigates the measurements that that could be made using data from the Left and Right detectors to identify gamma ray EAS from the hadron background. The effects on these measurements of various aspects of the Mk6 telescope's performance are also researched here and in further detail in Chapter 8. Finally a summary and some suggestions for future work are given in Chapter 9

Practising the Urban Night in Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Rhythms, Frames, Affects, Assemblages and Subjectivities

This thesis explores attempts to intervene on behaviour in the urban night in Newcastle, in order to look at the relationship between the discourses and visions of policy-makers and the lived practice of cities. At its heart is an interest in how imagining and encouraging the emergence of new subjectivities has been a central part of the neoliberal ‘night-time economy’ – a term which I challenge as being too restrictive to describe the urban night. I seek to expand upon previous researchers who have too narrowly focused on the alcohol and leisure industry, abstracted from the rest of the night, which results in an inadequate description of the variety of actants involved in producing the subjectivities associated with the urban night. This thesis thus focuses on the four-way relationship between the built environment, legislation/policy, bodies, and subjectivities, as governed in the urban night. To do this, I conducted ethnographic and interview research with street-cleaners, taxi drivers, policy makers and bar staff in order to focus on the role of peripheral actors in producing the urban night. As thesis develops, I explore a ‘vocabulary of practice’ in order to set out the process of the emergence of subjectivities, and the different ways in which these are acted upon: in doing so, I introduce concepts of framing, assemblage, multiplicity, enunciation and affect, amongst others. This, then, draws from a diverse group of theorists, including the work of Felix Guattari, Giles Deleuze, Henri Lefebvre, Gregory Bateson, actor-network theory and non-representational theories. The thesis concludes by suggesting that further work is required on the relationship between policy formation and cities as practiced in everyday life, and that the theoretical approach used in this thesis provides suggestions as to how this might be developed